托福寫作強化市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎課件

TOEFLWRITINGGUZHENGBETTY_KOO@LIVE.COM第1頁綜合寫作獨立寫作形式時間字數(shù)題材reading+listening +writing 20min 180-225 academic

writing 30min 400non-academic第2頁題型講解綜合寫作獨立寫作第3頁第4頁第5頁綜合寫作第6頁第7頁近年來，韓劇?風靡大江南北，尤其在女性觀眾中大受歡迎。然而，看韓劇對女性智商，情商，以及家庭生活來說壞處很多。第一.女性過多看韓劇會造成智商下降。因為韓劇大多敘事簡單，觀看起來并不需要動腦子。很多結(jié)局在始就能夠猜測到。?長久看韓劇造成女性腦子惰性增?長，懶于思索，智商降低。第二.女性看韓劇同時會影響情商。因為韓劇女主角大多以犯而受到男主角喜愛，從而得到完美愛情。女性觀看之后會

犯二始模仿，因而在現(xiàn)實生活中格格不入，人際交往受挫。第三.觀看韓劇還是有害夫妻感情。有很多家庭中因為?女?方看韓劇?而造成?矛盾，這些?女性?用韓劇中不現(xiàn)實愛情觀要求男性，還有要求丈夫整容成男主?角樣?子，造成感情破裂。第8頁第9頁頭段-ThesisStatement分論點1-subpoint1分論點2-subpoint2分論點3-subpoint3第10頁第11頁READINGLISTENING總論點韓劇有害韓劇沒害分論點1女性過多看韓劇會導看韓劇不會造成智商 致智商下降下降分論點2女性看韓劇會同時影 響情商不會影響情商分論點3觀看韓劇還是有害夫觀看韓劇不會損害夫 妻感情妻感情第12頁獨立寫作第13頁第14頁Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsarethebestteachers.Usespeci?creasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.第15頁Itisimportantforfamilieshavemealstogetherregularly.Technologymakespeople’slivessimplerratherthanmakespeople’slivesmorecomplicated.Theenvironmentalissueistoocomplextobesolvedbytheindividuals.第16頁頭段分論點1分論點2結(jié)尾段第17頁Youngpeopletodayaremorelikelytohelpothersthanyoungpeopleinthepast.Theworldisrapidlydeveloping;andcorrespondingly,peopleareprogressinggenerationaftergeneration.Currently,theyoungpeoplehavebroaderhorizon,moreenrichedknowledgeandgreaterambitionthantheirpredecessorshad;butunfortunately,theyarealsogrowingmoreindi?erenttowardothersthanthepeopleinthepast.Tobeginwith,thecurrentgenerationofyoungpeopleisevenbusierthanonecouldimagine,whichleavesthemlittletimetohelpothersout.WhenIwasinhighschool,mygreatestfriendSophiahadahardtimedealingwithhermathematics,whichIhappenedtobepro?cientin.AsmuchasIwantedtohelpherwiththedi?cultmathproblemsafterclass,Imyselfwasoccupiedbysomanyotherthings—everydayafterschoolIneededtogototheEnglishtrainingclub,andduringtheweekendmymotherhadarrangedthecookingclass,computerskill-trainingclassandsoon,becauseshethoughtitwouldbebetterformeifIcouldbemoreversatile.Buthowaboutthesituationinthepast?Accordingtomymom,whentheywereatschool,thecompetitionwasnotreallyso?erce,sostudentswerenotrequiredtobeengagedinsomanyextracurricularactivitiestosharpentheircompetitiveedge.Withmorefreetime,ofcoursetheycouldcaremoreaboutsomeoneelseotherthanthemselves.第18頁Second,theprevalenceoftheInternetisalsoareasonwhyyoungpeopletodayarelesslikelytohelpothers.Whyisthisso?TodayadolescentsspendsomuchtimesearchingandreceivinginformationontheInternet,andsomeoftheinformationisnotonlywidelyspreadbutalsoprofoundlyin?uentialtoyoungsters.Forexample,3yearsagothispieceofnewswasalltherageonline:anoldgrannyfelldownwhenshewascrossingtheroad.Aniceyoungmansawherfalling,rantowardsherandtriedtopullherup.However,thegrannyrefusedhimandcriedoutallofasudden,claimingthatitwasthisyoungmanwhopushedherdown.Sheevenaskedforacompensationof1,000yuanfromtheman.AfterthisnewswasreleasedontheInternet,therewasaheateddiscussiononline,andthemajorityoftheyoungstersagreedthat“nowthatbeinggoodisnotappreciatedandrewarded,Iwouldratherbeaby-passer.”Asyoucansee,withmoreofthenegativeeventstakingplaceeveryday,andwiththerapidspreadofthenegativenews,youngpeoplearelessboldtoo?ertheirhelptothosewhoareinneed.Myideaisthusquiteclearthattheyoungsterstodayarelessfriendlythantheyoungpeopleinthepast.第19頁BUTTHEREAREOTHERWAYS第20頁Therearecertainconsiderationsorfactorsthateveryonetakesintoaccountinarelationship.Peoplemaylookforhonesty,altruism,understanding,loyalty,beingthoughtfuletc!Everyonewouldmoreorlesswishthatthepersonsheisdealingwithhassomeofthesevirtuesabove.Puttingtheminanorderaccordingtotheirimportance,however,canbeverysubjectiveandrelative.Whensomeoneaskshim/herselfthequestion“WhatdoIconsidertobethemostimportantthinginmyrelationship?”theanswerdependsonalotoffactorssuchashowhis/herearlierrelationshipswere.Afterstatingthateveryone'sopinioncanbedi?erentaboutthis,formehonesty,inotherwords,alwaystellingthetruthisthemostimportantconsiderationinarelationship.Oppositeofthisisinarguablylyingandifsomeoneneedstolie,eithers/heishidingsomethingorisafraidoftellingmesomething.第21頁Inanyrelationshipofmine,Iwouldwishthat?rstofall,thepersonI'mdealingwithishonest.Eventhoughs/hethinksthats/hedidsomethingwrongthatIwouldn'tlike,s/he'dbettertellmethetruthandnotlieaboutit.LateronifI?ndoutaboutalieorhearthetruthfromsomeoneelse,that'dbemuchmoreunpleasant.InthatcasehowcanIeverbelieveortrustthatpersonagain?HowcanIeverbelievethatthispersonhasenoughcon?denceinmetoforgivehim/herandcarryonwiththerelationshipfromthere?SoifIcannottrustapersonanymore,ifthepersondoesn'tthinkIcanhandlethetruth,there'snopointcontinuingthatrelationship.AlthoughIwouldliketoseealtruistic,understanding,thoughtfulandloyalbehaviorfrompeople,aninstanceoftheoppositeofthesebehaviorswouldnotupsetmeasmuchasdishonestywould.Amongallthepossiblebehaviors,dishonestyistheonlyoneformethatterminateshowIfeelaboutaperson'sreliability.Thereforehonestywouldbemy?rstconcernandthemostimportantconsiderationinarelationship第22頁Inthisresponsethewriter?rstapproachesthetopicbyunderscoringthatanumberofcharactertraitsareimportanttoarelationship.Thewriterthene?ectivelydevelopsanargumentthatunlikeothernegativebehaviors,dishonestyorunwillingnesstofullydisclosesomebadactioncannotbeforgivenandcanbethemostimportantfactorindestroyingarelationship.Thewriter'slanguageis?uent,accurate,andvariedenoughtoe?ectivelysupporttheprogressionandconnectionofideas.Thereareavarietyofsentencestructures,includingrhetoricalquestions.Theessayisnotmechanicallyperfect,butaslongassucherrorsareoccasional,minor,anddonotinterferewiththereader'sunderstanding,anessaylikethisonecanstillearnatopscore.第23頁BOOKS/WEBSITESYOUNEED第24頁第25頁第26頁

Sports:Beauty:www.Fitness:Shopping:www.saks?;;;;o?cialwebsitesMovies:Tech/Finance/News:;;;Edu:;itunesstore’spodcasts第27頁第28頁SCORERUBRICS第29頁ReadingListeningSpeakingWritingTotalNetherlands25272525103Singapore25262426100Malaysia2123202387HongKong1820202280Mainland China2119182078Korea2020172077Taiwan1718181972Japan1616151865第30頁RawScoreScaleScore5304.75294.5284.25274253.75243.5223.2521320第31頁目標綜合寫作>=4獨立寫作=5第32頁格式！每段之間空行每行頂格標點后?面空?一格手動大寫！第33頁AmEorBrE?第34頁AmEorBrE?

AmEApartment Bathroom Corn Elevator Eraser Soccer Honor Globalize Center

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Flat Toilet Maize Lift Rubber Football HonourGlobalise Centre第35頁ScoringCriteriaWellDeveloped!WellOrganized!LanguageUse!!!第36頁評分標準準審題邏輯例證詞句語法第37頁E?ectivelyaddressesthetopicandtaskIswellorganizedandwelldeveloped,usingclearlyappropriateexplanations,exempli?cations,and/ordetailsDisplaysunity,progression,andcoherenceDisplaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoice,andidiomaticity,thoughitmayhaveminorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors.第38頁AVOIDREDUNDANCYInconclusion,althoughIhavetoacceptthatitisimperativethatsomethingbedoneaboutcreatinganewholidayforpeopleand?ndtheunderlyingthrustoftheimpliedproposalutterlyconvincing,Icannothelpbutfeelwaryoftakingsuchirrevocablestepsandpersonallyfeelthatamoremeasuredapproachwouldbemorerewarding.第39頁LanguageUse&Details“這?面包物語?香辣?肉松?面包做早膳是極好，?金?黃誘?人，?香溢滿堂，若是再配上多?一點奶?黃醬那便是再好不過了。只是吃多了難免油膩，喉嚨稍稍不適。若是配上濃?香咖啡?一杯，?又解膩，?又提神，?自然不負君恩?！薄胺諉T來杯喝，噎死我了...”第40頁每個美國超級英雄裝扮都非常有特色。超人很有特色，蝙蝠俠很有特色，蜘蛛俠也很有特色。EveryAmericansuperherohashis/herownstyle,forinstance,Supermanwearstheunderwearout,Batmandresseshatwithears,andSpidermanistotallycoveredasifhewouldnotneedtobreathe.第41頁食品有害兒童健康……炸條有害……炸雞有害……可樂有害……Junkfoodisharmfultochildren’shealth.Frenchfrieshavenegativee?ectsonchildren’shealth.Friedchickenunderminestheirhealth.Coco-colatakesatollontheirhealth.第42頁食品有害兒童健康……炸條有害……炸雞有害……可樂有害……Junkfoodisharmfultochildren’shealth.Frenchfrieshavenegativee?ectsonchildren’shealth.Friedchickenunderminestheirhealth.Coco-colatakesatollontheirhealth.第43頁Junkfoodisharmfultochildren’shealth.FrenchFrieshavetoomuchoil,whichcausesoverweightamongyoungchildren.Besidestoomuchfat,friedchickenscontainvariouschemicalstoadd?avorandcolororpreventthefoodfromgoingbad.Thesechemicalscanincreasetherisksofvariousdiseases,suchascancer.AndCoca-Coladecreaseschildren’sappetiteforregularmeals,causinglackofmineralsandvitaminsintheirbodies.Anotherproblemwithcokesisthattheyhavesugar,whichcauseschildren’steethtodecay.第44頁語?言內(nèi)容第45頁語?言表示一定要清楚只考查語言水平，不考查思想水平第46頁內(nèi)容內(nèi)容和語言同等主要邏輯錯誤?比語?言錯誤更嚴重第47頁邏輯奧巴?馬很有魅力。鳳姐出了場?車禍。鳳姐在美國。奧巴?馬是美國總統(tǒng)。鳳姐?長得丑。鳳姐出生在重慶。鳳姐有沒有語倫比自信。鳳姐喜歡奧巴?馬。鳳姐即使?長得丑---這是能夠了解，因為18歲那年她出了場?車禍，頭被?車夾了?一下，但她卻有著?無語倫?比?自信。這是因為她在美國公然發(fā)表申明向美國總統(tǒng)奧巴?馬---一個非常有魅力男人---求愛。第48頁多閱讀各類英文文章看范文仿寫精寫限時寫作第49頁Inthepastquartercenturytherehavebeenmanyattemptstouseintimidationtosilencesatireanddissent.TheIranianregimesettheprecedentwhenitissuedafatwaagainsttheauthorSalmanRushdieinresponsetohisbookTheSatanicVerses.NorthKoreausedcyberviolencetopreventthedistributionofanun?attering?lmaboutitsleaderKimJongUn.NowwehavetheappallingspectacleinParis.Theresponseofthefreeworldtothismustbeunwavering.CharlieHebdomaybeaverydi?erentpublicationtoourown,butthecourageofitsjournalists-andtheirrighttopublish-cannotbeplacedindoubt.Afreepressisworthnothingifitspractitionersdonotfeelfreetospeak.第50頁頭段第51頁寫什么怎么寫第52頁模板？Agreatvarietyofpeopleconcentratemoretimeonstayingwithfamilyandfriends.Thereexiststheendlessdiscussionaboutwhetherpeoplelikechoicethejobthatcanpayhighsalariesbutrequireemployeestoleavetheirfamilyandfriends.Inmyopinion,Iprefertochoicethejobthatpaysalowersalarybutallowemployeestostaywiththeirfamilyandfriends.Agreatvarietyofpeopleconcentratemoretimeonwhatabilityisimportantforthejob.Thereexiststheendlessdiscussionaboutwhethertheabilitytoadapttonewworkenvironmentsisasimportantasahighdegreeofexcellentknowledgeforthejob.Inmyopinion,theseabilitiesarebothimportantforthejob.第53頁模板？Agreatvarietyofpeopleconcentratemoretimeonstayingwithfamilyandfriends.Thereexiststheendlessdiscussionaboutwhetherpeoplelikechoicethejobthatcanpayhighsalariesbutrequireemployeestoleavetheirfamilyandfriends.Inmyopinion,Iprefertochoicethejobthatpaysalowersalarybutallowemployeestostaywiththeirfamilyandfriends.Agreatvarietyofpeopleconcentratemoretimeonwhatabilityisimportantforthejob.Thereexiststheendlessdiscussionaboutwhethertheabilitytoadapttonewworkenvironmentsisasimportantasahighdegreeofexcellentknowledgeforthejob.Inmyopinion,theseabilitiesarebothimportantforthejob.第54頁頭段說什么？有什么說什么你同不一樣意鳳姐值得娶第55頁Intro：個人認為，男人都應該娶鳳姐為妻，這是因為鳳姐很勇敢，而且很獨立。鳳姐?非常勇敢，即使?長得丑，但從不在意別?人看法，還在微博電視節(jié)??目上極其活躍表示意?見以及批判那些嘲笑她?人。鳳姐很獨?立，現(xiàn)在鳳姐憑?一?己之?力取得了美國綠卡而且還在在紐約當上了洗腳妹，?用雙?手養(yǎng)活?自?己。Conclusion鳳姐值得娶第56頁方式一：個人觀點+解釋原因與主體段分論點一一對應。第57頁類1.年輕人應該在決定?長久工作之前嘗試不一樣工作。2.后，學生不再見用紙質(zhì)書了。第58頁Youngpeopleshouldtakeseveraldi?erentkindsofjobsbeforetheydecidewhichcareertotakeinthelongterm.personally___________,beforetheultimatedecisionofwhattodoasacareerfortherestoftheirlife,peopleintheir20sneedtotrydi?erentjobs,becauseof___________ofskillsthey______,thecombinationwilllearn_______________circle,andofcoursethe?nalawarenessofthedestineddomain.theenlargedsocial第59頁In20yearsfromnow,studentswillnotusetheprintedbooksanymore.

___________,evenifweareinthe2030swhenthehightechnologyisalltherage,theprintedmaterials—notonlytextbooksbutalsocomicandentertainingbooks—willstillcompanystudents,becauseofthe______________,learningatmospherealongwiththepaperbooks.Inmyopinionhighef?ciencythe___________convenience___,andthesheerextraordinary第60頁同義轉(zhuǎn)述（paraphrasing)同義改寫（同義詞或近義詞替換原有表述）改變語序詳細化第61頁語?言：表示個人觀點：personally,inmyview,inmyopinion,Ibelieve,asfarasIamconcerned，Iaminfavoroftheideathat…,Iholdwiththeideathat…,Igoalongwiththeideathat…表原因：dueto(+名詞）;becauseof（＋名詞）,since,because,as（＋句子）干勁有力，原因采取排比方式。第62頁PracticeDoyouagreeordisagreeItisbettertochooseafriendwithwhomyoucanhavefunthantochooseafriendthatwillhelpyouwhenyouareinneed.第63頁同不一樣意TaylorSwift是一個slut。很綠茶很很多人認為TS是一個slut，不過我以為純潔。爛第64頁頭段方式二：反方觀點+解釋+自己觀點第65頁注意：原因是客觀事實盡可能詳細第66頁很多人認為TS是一個slut，因為媒體曝光了很多男朋友，小到15歲?大到35歲，不過我認為她依然是純潔?小?龍?女般?女孩?兒。第67頁擁有??廣泛知識?比擁有專業(yè)知識好。科技讓人們生活更簡單而不是更雜。第68頁語?言：1.提出反方觀點：someoneargues/advocates/contendsthat；Iconcedethat…2.因果系表示：Adv.:therefore,hence,consequently,asaresult；句型：thereasonwhy…isthat…；3.轉(zhuǎn)折：however,nevertheless,evenso,despitethat…第69頁Havingbroadknowledgeinmanyacademicsubjectsisbetterthanhavingspecializedknowledgeinaspeci?csubject.Technologymakespeople’slifesimplerratherthanmorecomplicated.第70頁現(xiàn)在?人?比過去?人更輕易接收教育。第71頁頭段方式三：背景頭＋個人觀點第72頁語?言：社會現(xiàn)象：itisacommonphenomenonthat…Itisnotraretoseethat…Itisawidespreadphenomenonthat…趨勢：moreandmore…,as…;withThereisagrowingtendencythat…第73頁注意：（1）背景介紹可中立，可宏觀，但背景不能和觀點負相。（2）背景之后可加入反方觀點（不推薦）第74頁Peoplecouldbecomeeducatednowmoreeasilythanpeoplecouldinthepast.Intwentyyears’time,peoplewillleadamoreleisurelylife.Teachersshouldassignhomeworkforstudentseveryday.第75頁總結(jié)：頭方式一：個人觀點＋解釋頭方式二：反方觀點＋解釋＋自己觀點頭方式三：背景（社會現(xiàn)象，趨勢，定義）＋自己觀點第76頁段內(nèi)展第77頁主體段基本結(jié)構(gòu)一：主體段=主題句+說理+例證+小結(jié)第78頁Grouptoursplantravelers’entireitineraries.Becausetheirtriphasalreadybeenarranged,peopledonothavetoworryaboutwheretheyaregoingorhowtheyaregettingthere.Theycansimplyrelax,enjoytheirtrip,andnotgetstressedoutaboutanything.Forexample,myfamilyoncetookapackagetourtoChina.Thetravelagencyarrangedeverything.Ittookcareofthehotelreservations,transportation,andsightseeing.Myfamilydidnothavetoworryaboutanything.Wejustlookedattheschedulethetravelagencyhadprovidedandfollowedit.Thankstothetravelagency,wecouldjustrelaxandenjoyourentiretrip.Thismadethingseasierespeciallyformyfathersincehedidnothavetoworryeverysingleminuteaboutwherewewouldgonext.Allinall,wehadagreattrip.Grouptourstaketheanxietyofdailyplanningoutoftravelingandlettravelersenjoytheirvacationswithoutanystress.第79頁<主題句>Grouptoursplantravelers’entireitineraries.<說理>Becausetheirtriphasalreadybeenarranged,peopledonothavetoworryaboutwheretheyaregoingorhowtheyaregettingthere.Theycansimplyrelax,enjoytheirtrip,andnotgetstressedoutaboutanything.<例證>Forexample,myfamilyoncetookapackagetourtoChina.Thetravelagencyarrangedeverything.Ittookcareofthehotelreservations,transportation,andsightseeing.Myfamilydidnothavetoworryaboutanything.Wejustlookedattheschedulethetravelagencyhadprovidedandfollowedit.Thankstothetravelagency,wecouldjustrelaxandenjoyourentiretrip.Thismadethingseasieronmyfathersincehedidnothavetoworryeverysingleminuteaboutwherewewouldgonext.Allinall,wehadagreattrip.<小結(jié)>Grouptourstaketheanxietyofdailyplanningoutoftravelingandlettravelersenjoytheirvacationswithoutanystress.第80頁家?長和孩子在感情方面太過親近。Parentsmaybetooclosetotheirchildrenemotionally.Forexample,theymaylimitachild’sfreedominthenameofsafety.Ateachermayorganizeaneducationaltriptoabigcity,butaparentmaythinkthistripistoodangerous.Aschoolmaywanttotakethechildrencamping,butaparentmaybeafraidofthechildgettinghurt.主體段=主題句+純例證+小結(jié)第81頁當今人們比過去變得愈加以自我為中心了。Today’ssocialrealityhasmadepeoplebecomefarmoreself-centeredthanpreviousgenerations.Normally,one’scircleofcontactstendstofocusmoreonthosewhoareusefultosatisfytheirpersonalinterests.Attentionisgraduallydivertedfromfamilyrelationshipstowardrecreationandorganizationofpro?tgroups.Suchanabruptchangeinpeople’svalueshadindeedresultedintheirgrowingindi?erencetotheirrelationshipswithfamilymembers.主體段=主題句+純說理+小結(jié)第82頁練習寵物有利于培孩子責任感。第83頁二、怎樣說理？改進公共交通有利于提升空氣質(zhì)量?；ㄥX做廣告能幫助一個企業(yè)增加利潤。第84頁問：?老李去哪了？答：今天是周末啊。問：今天學校怎么那么潔凈？答：因為領導來檢驗了。第85頁說理需要stepbystep,一環(huán)扣一環(huán)改進公共交通有利于提升空氣質(zhì)量。花錢做廣告能幫助一個企業(yè)增加利潤。用自己知識處理問題是進行自我提升好機會年?長朋友能幫助我們成?長。第86頁因果系：1）副詞Hence,thus,thereforeAsaconsequence,asaresult,consequently2）非限制性定語從句3）狀語從句:because,since,if4)特殊句型The比較級…the比較級…第87頁從書本中學習知識時，我們學習效率更高。第88頁書本-權(quán)威性-正知識-防止彎路-效率高書本-系統(tǒng)性-連貫學習知識-全方面了解-效率高第89頁練習：闊視在不一樣地方生活能讓年輕人豐富經(jīng)歷和野。第90頁Livinginanewplaceenrichesyoungpeoplewithlifeexperiencesandalsobroadenstheirminds.______,livinginanewplaceallowsyoungpeopletofullyimmerseintoanewenvironmentandintimatelycontactthedetailsoflifethere,whichenablesthemtocomprehenddi?erentculturesandvalues._______,anewlivingplaceprovidesonewithgreatopportunityofmakingnewfriendswithdiversebackgroundssothatpeoplelearntobeopentodi?erentideas._______,anewcountrymeansanewwayofliving,whichrequiresonetoadoptnewhabitsandtrynewthings.第91頁Livinginanewplaceenrichesyoungpeoplewithlifeexperiencesandalsobroadenstheirminds.Firstly_,livinginanewplaceallowsyoungpeopletofullyimmerseintoanewenvironmentandintimatelycontactthedetailsoflifethere,whichenablesthemtocomprehenddi?erentculturesandvalues.Secondly,anewlivingplaceprovidesonewithgreatopportunityofmakingnewfriendswithdiversebackgroundssothatpeoplelearntobeopentodi?erentideas.Thirdly,anewcountrymeansanewwayofliving,whichrequiresonetoadoptnewhabitsandtrynewthings.第92頁并列說理Firstly,ononehand,foronethingsecondly,ontheotherhand,foranotherthingtopicsentence+說理1+說理2第93頁書本-權(quán)威性-正知識-防止彎路-效率高書本-系統(tǒng)性-連貫學習知識-全方面了解-效率高第94頁遞進說理練習：領導聽取隊員意?見對團體有好處。第95頁聽取團體意?見-滿意和尊重-士氣提升-提升效率，有動力-凝聚力第96頁First,ateamleadershouldtakeadvicefromhisorherteammemberssimplybecauseitisgoodforhimorhertodoso.Ifaleaderorateamcollectivelytakesadviceorsuggestionsfromtheregularmembersofthegroup,it_________satisfactionandrespectamongtheteam.Thiswillboostcompanymorale,whichwill______improveproductionandmotivateteammemberstostriveforteamgoals.___________,teammemberswillhavestrongfaithintheleaderandtightlyworktogether.第97頁First,ateamleadershouldtakeadvicefromhisorherteammemberssimplybecauseitisgoodforhimorhertodoso.Ifaleaderorateamcollectivelytakesadviceorsuggestionsfromtheregularmembersofthegroup,itbreeds/engenderssatisfactionandrespectamongtheteam.Thiswillboostcompanymorale,whichwill_further_improveproductionandmotivateteammemberstostriveforteamgoals.Subsequently_,teammemberswillhavestrongfaithintheleaderandtightlyworktogether.第98頁遞進說理topicsentence———說理1(leadto,engender)——-說理2(further,moreover)——-說理3(subsequently)第99頁練習：Enjoyinghobbiesorphysicalactivitiesthatareunrelatedtoworkwillallowyoutobecomeabetter-roundedperson.做工作無activities?遇?見不一樣人?思想撞?包容不一樣觀點?像他人學習知識技能?全方面發(fā)展第100頁對?比說理書效率?高實踐??大量時間花在零碎地方?學習沒有針對性?效率不高領導聽取隊員意?見對團體有好處。不聽取意?見?不滿?傷團體士氣?影響工作進度第101頁書本權(quán)威性正確知識防止彎路效率?高書本系統(tǒng)性連貫學習知識全?面了解效率?高實踐??大量時間花在零碎地方?學習沒有針對性?效率不高第102頁Ononehand,becauseoftheauthoritythebookshave,wecanmakesurewhatwearelearningisrighttoalargeextentandinthiswaywecanavoidgoingtothewrongdirectionandthushavemoree?ciencyinlearning.Ontheotherhand,becausetheknowledgeinthebooksissystematic,wecanlearnconsecutively.Afterlearningcomprehensively,wecanbemoree?cientinlearningtoo.However,spendingmostofthetimedoingpracticeswouldbecounter-productivesimplybecausedoingtonsoftrivialthingswouldcostmuchmoretimethanweexpectandthuswewon’tbee?cientinlearning.Forexample,learningaphysicaltheory,suchasgravity,frombookswouldcostuslessthan10minutes,whileitwouldtakeusevenadaytodotheexperimentourselves.第103頁Topicsentence-正面說理-(however/nevertheless)-反面說理第104頁練習：集中注意力與工作效率及質(zhì)量緊密相聯(lián)。看電視是了解外面世界最直接路徑。第105頁怎樣證實？北京空氣污染嚴重第106頁Beijnghasbeensu?eringfromheavyairpollutionformorethanadecadeanditsairpollutionevenhittheheadlinesofthoseforeignmediasuchastheNewYorkTimes,CNNoreventhosetabloidsinIndonesia,asthetitleof"theworstpollutionever"or""etc.PersonallyIhavebeenlivinginBeijingformorethan20yearsandIcanguaranteeyouthatitde?nitelywasnotlikethisbefore.Severalyearsago,theskywasblueandthewaterclean.Butnow,fromthedataofsomecertainmediaandofcoursemypersonalexperience,blueskiesareasrareaslessthan4daysamonthinwinterandspring.AndsometimestheAQI-AirQualityIndex-goesbeyondtheindexof500,whichmeanstheairqualityisextraordinarilybadandeventoxicforhumanbeings.Sounderthesekindofcircumstances,peoplewearmasksgoingoutandevenworse,coughinghasbecome