【2019-2020】八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)Unit7Whatsthehighestmountainintheworld短語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總新版人教新目標(biāo)

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點(diǎn)匯總新版人教新目標(biāo)版1/II/11二、必背短語1?最古老的國家之oneoftheoldestcountries2?隨意地做某事feelfreetodosth.3?據(jù)我所知asfarasIknow4?最高的山脈thehighestmountain5?其他任何一座山anyothermountain6?在所有的咸水湖中ofallthesaltlakes7?綿延runalong8.呼吸空氣takeinair9.面對(duì)…inthefaceof10.放棄做某事giveupdoingsth.11.實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想achieveone'sdream12.雖然；盡管eventhough13.出生時(shí)atbirth14.興奮地跑過去runoverwithexcitement15?撞到某人walkintosb.16.摔倒fallover17.每兩年everytwoyears18.砍伐森林cutdowntheforests19.瀕危動(dòng)物endangeredanimals20.處于危險(xiǎn)之中beindanger21.大熊貓?jiān)絹碓缴賔ewerandfewerpandas22.…的重要性theimportanceof23.What'sthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞intheworld?世界上最????的????是什么？24.oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)最的之一25.Therebesb/sthdoing有某人/物正在做某25.protectfrom/against+doing保護(hù)????使不受；防御教材內(nèi)容解析】SectionAabout9,600,000squarekilometresinsize(P.49)square用作形容詞，表示“平方的”，用于數(shù)字后面表示面積。Ournewhouseis95squaremetresinsize.1,025metersdeep.(P.49)英語中常見的長寬高的表達(dá)方式為：基數(shù)詞+單位詞+形容詞(long,wide,high,deep)。Theropeistwometerslong.Qomolangmaishigherthananyothermountainintheworld.(P.49)anyother意為“其他任何一個(gè)”，后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，常用于比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示最高級(jí)含義，可與“theother+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”或者theothers互換。Peterrunsfasterthananyotherstudent/theotherstudents/theothersinhisclass.Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld.(P.50)population表示“人口”，是集合名詞，對(duì)人口數(shù)量提問時(shí)，用what而不用howmany/much，population若作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What'sthepopulationinChinanow?Thepopulationofthissmalltownisthreethousand.Morethanonefifthofthepopulationofthecountryareover60yearsold.Themainreasonwastoprotecttheirpartofthecountry.(P.50)protect表示“保護(hù)”時(shí)，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：protect...from...“保護(hù)……免受……”。Humansshoulddosomethingtoprotecttheenvironment.Thesunglasseswillprotectyoufromsunshine.AsfarasIknow,therearenootherman-madeobjectsasbigasthis.(P?50)asfarasIknow意為“就我所知、我認(rèn)為”，相當(dāng)于asfarasIamconcerned。AsfarasIknow,he'llbeawayfromthreemonths.Oneoftheworldsmostdangeroussportsismountainclimbing,andoneofthemostpopularplacesforthisistheHimalayas?(P?51)“oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”指在某一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)“最之一”，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Maryisoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.Evenmoreseriousdifficultiesincludefreezingweatherconditionsandheavystorms.(P.51)include表示“包含、包括”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)整體里面包含一些部分，including常用作介詞，表示“包括”。Thebookincludeseightunits.Hehasmanyfriends,includingTom.9.Itisalsoveryhardtotakeinairasyougetnearthetop.(P.51)takein意為“吸收”。Doyouknowhowplantstakeinwater?ThefirstChineseteamdidsoin1960,whilethefirstwomantosucceedwasJunkoTabeifromJapanin1975.(P.51)succeed表示“成功”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：succeedtodosth.或者succeedindoingsth.“成功做成某事”。Theclimberssucceededtogettothetopofthemountainintheend.=Theclimberssucceededingettingtothetopofthemountainintheend.Oneofthemainreasonsisthatpeoplewanttochallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.(P.51)challenge意為“挑戰(zhàn)、考驗(yàn)”，challengesb.to(do)sth.表示“向……某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事”。Hheface意為“面對(duì)(問題或者困難)”Theyshowedcourageinthefaceofdanger.Thespirittheseclimbersshowsusthatweshouldnevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdreams.(P.51)achieve用作動(dòng)詞，表示“達(dá)到、完成、成功”。Ibelieveyouwillachieveyourdreamintheend.Whydosomanypeopletrytoclimbthismountaineventhoughitisdangerous.(P.51)eventhough意為“即使、雖然”，相當(dāng)于evenif,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。EventhoughFrankleftschoolat16,hestillbecameasuccessfulwriter.SectionBweighs5,0000kilos(P.53)weigh此處作動(dòng)詞，表示“有重”，名詞是weight。Thebabyweighedabout5kilometres.Whatishisweight?Thiselephantweighsmanytimesmorethanthispanda.(P.53)“倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than”表示“比……大/多多少倍”。Theroomlooksthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.Atbirth,ababypandaisabout???(P?53)atbirth表示“出生時(shí)”。Thebabyweighedthreekilometresatbirth?4?Apandacanliveupto???(P?53)upto表示“達(dá)到(某種數(shù)量或者程度)”Thetheatrecanholdupto500people?【拓展】beuptosb?"由某人決定"Youcanleavetodayortomorrow?Itisuptoyou?5?Pandakeepersarepreparingmilkforthebabypandas'breakfast?(P?54)prepareforsth.“為做準(zhǔn)備”Theyarepreparingforthepartytonight?prepare...for...“為……準(zhǔn)備……”WeshouldpreparesomesweetsforChildren'sDay?bepreparedfor“為作準(zhǔn)備”Theplayersarewellpreparedforthematch?6.At9:00a.m.,theyfindthatmostofthebabiesarealreadyawakeandhungry.(P.54)awake用作形容詞，表示“醒著的”，反義詞是asleep。Isthebabyasleeporawake?7.Another300orsoliveinzoosorresearchcentersinChinaandothercountries.(P.54)orso意為“大約”，放在數(shù)量詞后面，表示大約的概念。Thereare30workersorsointhefactory.【語法講解】(一)基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成?；鶖?shù)詞1-12是獨(dú)立的單詞。one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve基數(shù)詞13-19是在個(gè)位數(shù)后面加-teen構(gòu)成，其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen是不規(guī)則變化。thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen整十的基數(shù)詞20-90是在個(gè)位數(shù)詞后面加-ty構(gòu)成，其中twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty是不規(guī)則變化。twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety非整十基數(shù)詞21-99是在十位數(shù)后面加上個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成，中間加上連字符“-”。twenty-one,seventy-six,eighty-eight三位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞，百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間用and連接。twohundredandone,threethousandfivehundredandfourteen英語中沒有“萬”和“億”這兩個(gè)單位，在表示“萬”和“億”時(shí)，把“萬”念成10個(gè)千，“十萬”念成100個(gè)千，“億”念成100個(gè)百萬……以此類推。10,000：tenthousand100,000:ahundredthousand100,000,000:ahundredmillion35,845:thirty-fivethousand,eighthundredandforty-fivehundred,thousand,million和billion的用法。hundred,thousand,million和billion等表示確切數(shù)字時(shí)，只用其單數(shù)形式；但是在表示不確切數(shù)字時(shí)，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，并且與of連用，表示約數(shù)。e.g:1.Therearemorethanthreehundreddaysinayear.一年有三百多天。ThousandsofvisitorstraveltotheGreatWalleveryyear.每年有成千上萬的游客游玩長城?；鶖?shù)詞表示編號(hào)例如：LessonFive(thefifthlesson)第五課Room306306房間PageTwelve(thetwelfthpage)第十二頁ClassOne,GradeSix六年級(jí)一班(二)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

①形容詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則。規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的詞+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙與末尾輔音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音節(jié)詞在前面+more/mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportantbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautifulII?不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容詞比較級(jí)用法。比較級(jí)用于兩者進(jìn)行比較，結(jié)構(gòu)為“Ais比較級(jí)thanB”。e.g:1.Mybikeismorebeautifulthanhers.我的自行車比她的漂亮。Heworksharderthanbefore.他工作比以前努力。表示兩者之間選擇，用“which/whois比較級(jí)，AorB?”表示“兩者之間較……之一”時(shí)，用“the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g:1.Whichisnearertothesun,themoonortheearth?哪個(gè)離太陽更近，月球還是地球?Heisthethinnerofthetwo.他是兩人中較瘦的那個(gè)。III?“越來越……”用“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“moreandmore原級(jí)”。e.g:1.Theweatherisbecomingcolderandcolder.天氣變得越來越冷了。2.Sheisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.她變得越來越美了。表示“越……越……”時(shí)，用“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g:Themor