新世紀大學英語綜合教程第3冊知識要點

possible.effectivedietingsubtractthisfigurefrommonitoredthefoodintakebeanestimateofyourbodytemperaturelostweightinthemiddleofthenightmaintainedorgainedweight(Paras.10-11)atdifferenttimesofthedayplotallsixreadingsongraphpaper(Paras.15-16)insomecasesproducethegreatesteffectreachingapeak(Paras.16-17)inthelatemorningorearlyafternoonovercomesleepproblemssteadilydeclinecoincidewithmakeallthedifferencesleep-wakedisordersontheriseirregularityinsleepandwakingtimeshavefamiliarizedyourselfwithyourpatternsrecoverfromabadnight ’ssleeptakeadvantageofchronobiologytechniquesresumeyournormalcycleimproveyourhealthandproductivitybewareofsleepingpills(Paras.12T3)thereisrealdangerofattheirpeakdrugaccumulationyourmostdemandingactivities(Para.18)Precisiontasksisnoguaranteeofgoodhealth…arebesttackledinallaspectsofyourlifebycontrastactinsynchronizationwith(Para.14)KeyWordsandExpressionsforTextAfiltervi.(oflightorsound)comeintoaplaceslowlyorinsmallamounts(光或聲)透過；滲入e.g.1.Themorningsunlightfilteredinthroughthecurtains.Lightfilteredintomykitchenthroughthesoft,greenshadeofthecherrytree.光線透過櫻桃樹柔和的綠蔭隱約照進我的廚房。2.atone'sbestatthepeakofone'sability,streng婭至能力、力量等的最佳狀態(tài)e.g.1.You’renotatyourbesttoday.Youmusthavehadabadsleeplastnight.Heisathisbestinemergencies.出現(xiàn)緊急情況時尤顯他的干練。attributetobelievesth.tobetheresultorworkof把(某事)歸因于；認為是 的結果e.g.1.Heattributedhislatestsuccesstohardworkandscientificmethods.Mosthistoriansattributesuchdeclinestowarsandconquests.大多數(shù)的歷史學家把這樣的衰亡歸因于戰(zhàn)爭和征服。acceleratevi.movefaster加快；加速e.g.1.Realizingthathewasfallingbehind,heacceleratedandsooncaughtupwiththem.Sheacceleratedawayfromthecurb.她加速駛離了馬路牙子。efficiencyn.[U]thequalityofdoingsth.wellandeffectively,withoutwastingtime,money,orenergy效能，效率e.g.1.Iwasimpressedbytheefficiencywithwhichshehandledthecrisis.Therearemanywaystoincreaseagriculturalefficiencyinthepoorerareasoftheworld.有很多方法能夠提高世界上貧困地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率。leadinga.mostimportant;chief;main最重要的；主要的；扮演主角的e.g.1.Hehopestoplayaleadingroleinamoviethoughhe’sneverhadanyprofessionaltraining.Forthenextforty-threeyearsGermanywastheleadingpowerupontheEuropeancontinent.在接下去的43年時間里，德國是歐洲大陸上最重要的強國。CF：chief,principal,main,major,leading這些形容詞均含有“首要的，主要的”之意。chief指人時，表同類中職位最高，權力最大；指物時，表同類中最重要，價值最高。例如：Thechiefengineeristhemostimportantofagroupofengineersonajob.SeineRiveranditsbranchesformthechiefcommercialwaterwayofFrance.principal用于人時，指地位優(yōu)于其他人；用于物時，指該物在大小、重要性等方面優(yōu)于他物。例如：Hewasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftherevolution.Suchself-relianceisaprincipalvalueofchildrearinginmiddle-classAmerica.main通常只用于物，指在一定范圍內(nèi)，某物的重要性、體積或力量等超過其它物。例如：Watershortagesintheareawillbethemainconstraintondevelopment.major指同其他人或其它物、問題等相比較，顯得更加重要和突出。例如：Unemploymentisamajorcauseofpoverty.leading側重指具有影響力或凝聚力，從而有主導和引導的作用。例如：Withthisnewmoviehehasconsolidated(鞏固)hispositionasthecountry’sleadingdirector.sponsorvt.supportsb.bypayingfortheirtraining,education,livingcosts,etc.資助，贊助e.g.1.Thein-servicetrainingprogramforteachersofEnglishwassponsoredbythelocalgovernment.WouldyousponsorJaneinherswimforcancerresearchnextweek?你愿贊助珍妮參加下星期為癌癥研究籌款舉行的游泳比賽嗎?equipvt.[(for)]makeable,fit,orprepared;providewithwhatisnecessaryfordoingsth.[常與for連用]使有能力，使勝任，使有準備；裝備，配備e.g.1.Thecourseaimstoequipstudentswiththeskillsnecessaryfortheirfuturejobs.Whentheyleaveschool,theywillbeequippedforobtainingofficejobs.離校時，他們將有能力獲得辦公室工作的機會。coordinatevt.make(peopleorthings)worktogether,esp.soastoincreaseeffectiveness使協(xié)調(diào)；使調(diào)和e.g.1.Asthediseaseprogresses,thepatientlosestheabilitytocoordinatehismovements.Tieitwithfabricbowsthatco-ordinatewithotherfurnishings.系上與其他裝飾相配的布質蝴蝶結。subtractvt.[(from)]take(anumber,amount,etc.)fromsth.larger[常與from連用]減去，減掉e.g.1.Ifyousubtract10from30youget20.Youhavetosubtract25%taxfromthesumyoureceive.你必須從所得款中扣除 25%的稅款。plotvt.draw(alineorcurveshowingcertainfacts)onpapermarkedwithsmallsquares在方格紙上劃(表明某些事實的直線或曲線)；繪制……圖表e.g.1.We’veplottedagraphshowingtheincreaseanddecreaseinsalesofeachseasonthisyear.Weplotabouteightpointsonthegraph.我們在曲線圖上標記了8個點。familiarizevt.[(with)]make(sb.,esp.oneself)wellinformed(about)[常與with連用]使熟悉，使通曉e.g.1.Familiarizeyourselfwiththenewequipmentbeforeyouattempttouseit.Thegoaloftheexperimentwastofamiliarizethepeoplewiththenewlaws.試行的目的就是要讓人們熟悉新法規(guī)。takeadvantageofmakeuseof;profitfrom利用e.g.1.Let’stakfuelladvantageofthesportsfacilitiesinourcollegewhilewe’restudyinghere.WesterninvestorsareseekingacquisitionsinAsiatotakeadvantageoffastgrowthrates.西方投資者正在亞洲尋找收購機會，以便抓住亞洲國家高速增長的機會。demandinga.needingalotofskill,patience,effort,etc.要求高的；費力的e.g.1.Mountain-climbingisnotquitesuitableforoldpeoplebecauseitisphysicallydemanding.Hefoundhecouldnolongercopewithhisdemandingjob.他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已無力應對那份勞神費力的工作了。bycontrastusedwhenthereisabigdifferencebetweenonething,person,orsituationandanother相比之下；相反e.g.1.Theireconomyhasexpandedenormously,whileours,bycontrast,declined.Itseemsquitewarmtodaybycontrastwithyesterday ’sicywind.與昨天凜冽的寒風一比，今天可算相當暖和了。monitorvt.carefullywatchandcheckasituationinordertoseehowitchangesoveraperiodoftime監(jiān)測；監(jiān)視e.g.1.Thelittleboyisrunningafeverandhisparentsaremonitoringhistemperaturecarefully.Philbywastheretomonitoranyunforeseendevelopmentsonadailybasis.菲爾比在那里每日不斷地監(jiān)視著那些預料不到的事態(tài)的發(fā)展。processvt.treatrawmaterial,food,etc.inordertochangeit,preserveit,etc.加工；處理e.g.1.Mostofthefoodwegetfromsupermarketsisprocessedinsomeway,whichmakesitsimplerforustoprepareourmeals.ThegrainstoreprocessedflourwrappersforChinesedumplings.這家糧店把面粉加工成面皮供包餃子用。coincidevi. [(with)]happenatthesametimeorduringthesameperiod[常與with連用](在時間上)巧合；同時發(fā)生e.g.1.Iwishthatwecantraveltogether,butit ’sapitythatourholidaysnevercoincide.Althoughhismentalillnesshadcoincidedwithhiswarserviceithadnotbeencausedbyit.雖然他的精神病剛好在他參戰(zhàn)期間發(fā)作，但并不是由此引起的。resumevt.ratherfmlbeginagainafterapauseR比較正式力(中斷后)重新開始；繼續(xù)e.g.1.Hewillresumetrainingassoonasherecoversfromtheankleinjury.Thesearchisexpectedtoresumeearlytoday.預計搜尋工作會于今天早些時候重新開始。bewarevi.[(of)]beverycareful[常與of連用 ]謹防；當心；注意e.g.1.Bewareofthispoisonoussubstancewhenyoudotheexperiment.Bewareofdishonesttradersinthetouristareas.在旅游區(qū)一定要謹防奸商。guaranteen.(of)]afirmpromisethatonewilldosth.orthatsth.willhappen[常與of連用]保證；擔保e.g.1.Thequalityofyourproductwillbeaguaranteeofyoursuccessinthefiercecompetition.Afamousoldnameonafirmisnotnecessarilyaguaranteeofquality.公司悠久的品牌并不一定是商品質量的保證。TextBAWhisperofAIDSKeyWords:applausen.[U]loudpraiseforaperformanceorperformer,esp.bystrikingthehandstogether;clapping鼓掌，掌聲e.g.Therewasloudapplausewhenthepopstarappearedonstage.Theygreetedhimwiththunderousapplause.infectv.[(with)](ofdisease)getintothebodyof(sb.)[常與with連用](疾病)傳染(給人)，感染e.g.Don'tcomenearmeifyouvegotacold-Idon'twanttobeinfected.Asinglemosquitocaninfectalargenumberofpeople.一只蚊子就可以感染很多人。contractvt.fmlgetorbegintohave(sth.bad,esp.anillness);(causeto)becomesmaller,narrower,orshorter〖正式〗感染 (疾病)；染上 (惡習)；(使)縮小 (收縮，縮短 )e.g.JimcontractedTB(肺結核)duringthewaranddiedofthediseasebeforeitwasover.He’scontractedthehabitoftalkingtohimself.他養(yǎng)成了自言自語的習慣。threatn.[C;U]anexpressionofanintentiontohurt,punish,causepain,etc.,esp.ifone ’sinstructionsordemandsarenotobeyed威脅，恐嚇e.g.Fromtimetotimehehasreceiveddeaththreatsfromhisopponents,buthedoesnotfearthematall.Allcountriesintheregionhadtherighttoprotectthemselvesagainstexternalthreat.ignorancen.[U(of)]lackofknowledge,information,orconsciousness[常與of連用]無知；愚昧e.g.Theworkerswerekeptincompleteignoranceofthecompany’sfinancialsituation.Iamembarrassedbymycompleteignoranceofhistory.prejudicen.[C;U(against)](an)unfairandunreasonableopinionorfeeling,esp.whenformedwithoutenoughthoughtorknowledge[常與against連用]成見；偏見；歧視e.g.Nowadayspeoplestillholdstrongprejudiceagainstunmarriedmothers.Therewasadeep-rootedracialprejudicelongbeforethetwocountriesbecamerivalsandwenttowar.早在這兩個國家成為敵人并且兵戎相見之前，它們之間就有了根深蒂固的種族偏見。isolatevt.[(from)]keepapart;separatefromothers[常與from連用]使隔離；使孤立e.g.Patientswhohavecontractedinfectiousdiseasesshouldbeisolatedimmediately.Youdon’thavetoisolatethemfromthecommunity.healvt.makeapersonhealthyagain;cure使人恢復健康；治愈e.g.Intheletterheexpressedhisdeepgratitudetothedoctorwhohadhealedhiswifeofherseriousheartdisease.Timedoesnotalwayshealoldsores.grievevi. [(for)]sufferfromgrieforgreatsadness[常與for連用](為 而)悲傷；傷心e.g.Theirdaughterdiedoverayearago,buttheyarestillgrieving.He’duce(esp.sth.printedand/orofficial)發(fā)布；發(fā)行e.g.Anewbookabouthealthyfoodwasissuedlastweek.Yesterdayhiskidnappersissuedasecondthreattokillhim.appealvi. [(to,for)]makeastrongrequestforhelp,support,mercy,etc.[常與to或for連用]強烈呼吁；懇請e.g.Heisquiteindependent;heseldomappealstohisparentsforhelp.ThePrimeMinisterappealedtoyoungpeopletousetheirvote.Expressions:bringsth.toanendcausesth.tofinish,usu.afterlastingsometime使某事物結束；終止(通常為已持續(xù)一段時間的)e.g.Itwaspastourlunchtimewhenhebroughthisspeechtoanend.Onlythosewhoknowtheunderlyingtruthcanbringthistoanend.atriskindanger處境危險；遭受危險e.g.Theinfectiousdiseaseisspreading,andallchildrenunderfiveareatrisk.Ifyouareobeseoroverweightyourhealthisatrisk.setasideabandonorleaveoutofconsideration;saveforaspecialpurpose放棄；對 不予考慮； (為某種目的)留出；節(jié)省e.g.Mybosssetsasidehalfanhoureverymorningtodosports.Theseareasaresetasideforpublicrecreationaluse.makeroomformoveclosertogether,orpushthingsclosertogetherinordertoprovidespaceforanotherpersonorthing給 騰出地方，讓出地方給 e.g.Thenewapartmentistoosmall;wecannotmakeroomforallthefurniture.Thewholevillagemovedawaytomakeroomfortheconstruction.DifficultSentences.Ihavecometonighttobringoursilencetoanend.(Para.1)今晚，我來到這兒，打破我們的沉默。Tonight,IrepresentanAIDScommunitywhosememberscamereluctantlyfromeverysegmentofAmericansociety.(Para.5)今晚，我代表的是一個罹患艾滋病的社群。這個社群的成員來自美國社會的各個階層，但都不是自愿加入的。Areyouhuman?Andthisistherightquestion:Areyouhuman?(Para.7)你們是人嗎？問得好！你們是人嗎？

BecausepeoplewithHIVhavenotenteredsomealienstateofbeing.(Para.7)因為艾滋病病毒的攜帶者并非變成了某種怪異的生物體。)Thentheirchildren,andyours,maynotneedtowhisperit