新視野大學英語4期末考試范圍

本材料為新視野大學英語4Unitl-Unit5SectionA課后練習

根據(jù)老師的出題范圍有所刪減Unit1③Asthegenderbarriers(crumbled),thenumberofwomenworkingaslawyers,doctors,orbankersbegantoincreasesignificantlyfromthemid-20thcentury.Withthedatacollectedeachyear,theowneroftheshopcan(discern)customertrendsandhowthingslikeweatherandeconomicindicatorsaffectsalesperformance.Hissupervisorpushesandmotivateshiminsuchapositivemannerthatheisnotonlyabletoreachbutto(surpass)hispersonalgoals.Heisamanwitha(n)(shrewd)businesssense.Hehasbuilthisinitialinvestmentintoasubstantialandevenexcessivelylargefortune.The(conversion)ofnuclearradiationdirectlyintoelectricitywasanexcitingpossibilitythatwasbeingvigorouslyexploredinmanylaboratoriesinthe1950s.Iwasnotonlyshockedbutalsodisgustedthatthereporttriedto(distort)thescientificfactsinsuchamannerthatevensomehighly-educatedpeoplewerefooled.Sixty-twoandblessedwithhismother'sskin,thefishermanhadwithstoodalifetimeofexposuretothesunandlookedas(radiant)asamaninhisforties.FrencheducatorLouisBrailleinventedasimplebut(ingenious)codewhichhashadanimpactonthelivesofgenerationsofpeoplewhoareblind.Thesenatorsdidn'texpectustoasksuchtoughquestions,andwhenwefinallydid,theygot(stumped)anddidn'tknowwhattosay.Thisnewlyestablisheduniversitysupportsthe(proposition)thatamorediversehighereducationsystemisdesirablesinceitwouldenhanceopportunitiesforlifelonglearning.Unit2③Weneedtoimprovethequalityofeducationsothatourchildrenwillnotleaveschool(deficient)inliteraryandreasoningskills.Inasocietygovernedbytheruleoflaw,everycitizenissubjecttopossible(prosecution)ifheviolatesthelaw.Thepaygapbetweenaverageworkersandtopcorporateofficershasledtopubic(outrage)asexecutivesreceivelargepackagesdespitefallingshareprices.Thedeliciousmeal(appeased)ourhungerandmadeusfeelwarmagainafterhavingwalkedinthesnowallday.Themilitaryinsistson(conformity)inmanyareas,forexample,dressandhaircut,withtheprimaryobjectiveofpromotinggroupunity.Mydaughterusedtoplaywiththedogbytakinga(n)(strand)ofitshairandthenspendingalongtimerubbing,combingandtwistingit.Whensheleftfortheparty,shetookgreatcaretomakehernecklaceandshoes(complement)herdress.Itwasnecessarytoprovidelivingplacesfor(transient)immigrantspassingthroughtheareaontheirwaytomorepermanentdwellings.Theyhadjustmovedin,sotheyneededtobuyanumberofkitchen(appliances)zincludingamicrowaveoven,atoaster,andacoffeemaker.Shewantedabeautifulandelegant(outfit)toattendtheweddingofafriend,butcouldn'tfindanythingsatisfactoryinthenearbyshops.Unit3③Thecurtainschangedtheatmosphereofthehousecompletelyandmadeitintoaplaceof(exquisite)beauty.Asthesun(dispersed)theclouds,weenjoyedourafternoonofplayingcardsintheforestundertheclearskyandobservingthemostspectacularviewIhaveeverseeninmylife.Thebigcompany(decentralized)theiroperationslastyearandopenedseveralregionalofficesinthecountrytomeettheneedsofthemarket.Itisnoteasyto(deduce)atrendofgrowthfromtheavailablefactssincetheyarequitescarceandnotthatconvincing.Formerlyfoundonlyinlargeindustrialapplications,microwaveovensnowhavebecomeastandard(fixture)ofmostmodernkitchens.Hecallsonthepublictosaveineverydaylifeandbelievesthat(frugality)isthekeytobattlingaculturethatrewardsmindlessconsumption.Heissuitableforthepositionasheisyoungenoughtounderstandwhattheteenagersthinkbutoldenoughto(administrate)theirprograms.Whenaskedaboutherwhereaboutsat9o'clockthatnight,shegavearather(disjointed)response,whichcaughtthedetective'sattention.(Reviving)thestalledeconomyandstickingtopromisestobringthedeficitdownnextyearisprovingtobetheprincipaltestforthenewpresident.Aconsiderableperiodoftimehasto(elapse)beforetheeffectsofsuchsecuritymeasuresasclosed-circuittelevisioncamerasandcell-phonemonitoringbecomeevidentinreducingcrimes.Unit4③Iwillconductatop-to-bottomreviewofthestatedepartments,agencies,andcommissions,andseekto(consolidate)ortoeliminatethemwhereappropriate.Toa1O-year-oldgirl,youneedtoofferunderstandingaboutherwishesandhelpher(differentiate)betweenfantasyandreality.Whenweheardaboutthe(dreadful)sufferingofthechildrenandadults,ourprimaryinstinct,likemillionsofothers,wastoshedtears.Itwaswhenwestartedlivingtogetherthatwefound,tooursadnessandsurprise,thatwewere(incompatible).Itwas(alleged)thathehadtakena$50,000bribebeforetheprojectwastransferredtoanothercompany.Thebudgetproposalhasbeendescribedas"(bizarre)"and"inappropriate"bypeopleobjectingtoit.Itseemsthatwhatpeoplebelieveandwhatresearchershavefoundoutaboutthe(correlation)betweenwealthandhappinessaremoredifferentthanoverlapping.Currentexpenditureinthismuseumis(negligible)incomparisonwiththehugeamountwhichforeignmuseumsofsimilarstandingspend.Theairandriversinthisareaaregettingcleaner;andattemptstopreserveanimalspeciesandtheir(habitats)havebeenmainlysuccessful.Ifyoucanproviderationaland(intelligible)debatesfromanunbiasedpointofview,maybewewillalllearnsomething.Unit5③Althoughhewasnotalegalexpert,heknewitwouldnotbeproperto(fabricate)anythingtomisleadthepublic.Hedoesnotworkfulltimethere,buthehasbeenthe(nominal)headoftheorganization'sscholarshipprogramforfiveyears.AsMarkwalkedthesitesonthatinitialtripofthemigrants,hefoundsomeimportant(temporal)clues-datedbustickets,shoppingreceiptsandcalendars.Inurbanplanning,itisimportanttotakeintoconsiderationthe(reciprocal)influencebetweenthetransportationnetworkandotherfacilities,forexampleshoppingcentersandmedicalcenters.Thelabel"SmartChoices"onthefrontoffoodpackagesusually(denotes)productsthatmeetcriteriaforlowerfat,sugarandsodium(鈉)content.ThepublichighschoolgraduationratesinNewMexicoandArizonahavebeenincreasingforthree(consecutive)years,thankstoanonlineprogramthathelpsstudentsearnmissingcredits.Intheaccidentattheairshowlastweek,apilotand10(spectators)werekilledwhenafighterplanecrashedintothecrowd.Themotherwasnotsurewheretheboyswent,butshedidhearthem(muttering)somethingaboutgoingoutforamoviewithfriends.ThisnewlyreleasedportraitofPlanetEarthisactuallya(composite)ofseveralpicturestakenearlierthismonthbyanewresearchsatellite.Youshouldn'tfeelinsulted.Wecanassureyouhemeanttobefriendlyandtherewasnothingimpoliteor(malicious)inhiswords.Unit1⑦Thebrickwallsoftheruinedbuildings(weredrippingwith)greenmoldandmoisture,andsheshiveredinvoluntarily,lookingdowntoavoidthesight.Asurbanpopulationsexportedfinishedgoods(inexchangefor)rawmaterialsfromneighboringpopulations,organizedtradegrewsubstantially.Knowingjusthowquicklyawildfirecanspread,someresidentsofthevillagedecidedtoleavetheirhomesaftertheflames(flaredup)nearby.Biologyteachersoften(makeananalogybetween)theheartandapumpinordertohelpstudentsunderstandhowtheheartworks.Theywouldliketo(setadatefor)theirweddingandannouncetheirengagementtotheirfamiliesandfriendsassoonaspossible.Hewasdeterminednottosouraperfectlygooddaywiththememoryofonejealousclassmatetryingto(1)(make)afool(2)(outof)himinfrontoftheentireclass.Thecouple(madeapact)nevertoworkatthesametime,sothatoneofthemwasalwaysonfull-timeparentingduty,andtheirchildwouldn'thavetobelookedafterbystrangers.Thepresidentsaidthat汜stheworstearthquakeevertohitthecountry,andthathe(hadappealedto)theworldforhelp,askinginparticularforheavy-lifthelicoptersabletocarryreliefsuppliesintotheisolatedmountainareas.Unit2⑦Everymonth,theCommunityServicesCenteroffersseverallecturesonhealthandfitness(inhopesof)introducingpeopletohealthierlifestyles.Doyouknowwho(cameupwith)theideaofhavingcheesecakefordessertyesterday?Itwasdeliciousandmadeeveryonehappy.ThepainmedicationleftClaudiafeelingratherdullandsleepy,andsoonafterdinnersheapologizedforbeingsuchpoorcompanyand(excusedherself)tobed.WhenIwasyoung,I(wasobsessedwith)maps,andIsometimesspentthewholedaychartinglandroutesfromonepointtoanother.Tomakeimmigrantscomfortable(reachingoutto)policeforhelp,morethan70citiesnowbarpolicefromaskingthemtoprovetheirlegalstatus.Marywasoftenaccusedof"havingastrongpersonality"becauseshewasnotafraidto(voiceanopinionon)subjectsaboutwhichshewasknowledgeable.Attheendofhisterminoffice,thegovernorwascriticizedforfailureto(liveupto)hiscampaignpromise.Resultsofasurveyrevealedthatofthetop10automobilemakers(intermsof)customersatisfaction,sixwereJapaneseandtwowereGerman.Unit3⑦Becauseofhisquietpersonality,manypeoplesaidtheywouldnotelecthimpresidentoftheinstitutethoughthey(1)(held)him(2)(inhighregard).PetergraduatedfromcollegeinJuneandstartedhisworkintheautocompanyinAugust.(Intheinterim),hetookatriparoundthecountry.Whenhisadvertisementusingthenewdigitaltechniquedrewasmanyas5,000responsesovernight,heknewhe(wasontosomething).Whenstudentsaremoreinvolvedintheiracademicandextracurricularactivities,theywillexperiencearichercampuslife,which(inturn)benefitstheirdevelopment.Thescientistsoftheresearchcenterkeepthegoodhabitofsumminguptheirexperience(fromtimetotime).Whenevertheolderkidsinschooltriedto(pickon)herbrother;shewouldnotbeafraidtostandupforhim.Ifhedoesn'ttrytogetaticketnow,he'sprobablynotgoingtogetone.So,hemightwantto(takeastabat)itonemoretime.Therearealotofreasonsforreplacingyourharddriveoraddinganewonetoyouroldcomputer,buttheyall(boildownto)theneedformorespace.Unit4⑦Afterthepainter'smovetoParisin1904,Picasso'sRosePeriodpaintings(tookon)awarmerandmoreoptimisticmoodthanthepreviousBluePeriod.Thereareanumberofdifferentoccasionswhenyoumightbe(calledupon)tomakeaspeech.Therefore,youneedtopracticehowtospeaktoalargeaudience.SchoolsintheUSbelievethatcheatinginexaminations(runsagainstthegrain)ofthe"honorsystem"proposedbyTomasJeffersonhundredsofyearsago.Beingamajorglobalconcern,rapidpopulationgrowthisbelievedbymanyto(beincompatiblewith)sustainablemanagementoftheenvironment.Itseemsthatmanypeoplehave(comethrough)periodsofstress,withmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Moreandmorenativeplantsdisappeareveryyear.Savingthemisimportantbecauseourownsurvival(isboundup)withtheirfate.Iゼsuptoyouto(differentiatebetween)thosewhohaveyourinterestsatheartandthosewhowouldtakeadvantageofyou.AlthoughJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotternovelsarewrittenfor"ages9-12",they(havestruckachordwith)manyolderreaders.Unit5⑦Wechattedforhalfanhourbeforehefinally(gottothepoint):HewantedtoworkasabusinessconsultantandwonderedifIcouldpassalongthenamesofcertainpotentialclients.Scientistsattheresearchcenteridentifiedvariousfeaturesthat(areattachedto)thecommoditiespurchasedbyfemaleconsumers.Thethreemountainclimbers(wouldhavestarvedtodeath)ifthevillagershadnotfoundthemlyingatthebottomofthevalley.Theboylookeduptimidlyathisfatherwhowassittingnexttohim,buthedidn'tstopcrying.(Ifanything),hiscryingbecamemoreintense.Sincenooneknewhowthediseasespread,they(weresuspiciousof)everything,includingmosquitoes,swimmingpools,andpeoplefromotherneighborhoods.Atthepressconference,thegovernmentspokesmanavoidedansweringthequestionabouthealth-carereformdirectly.Insteadhejust(wanderedaround)totalkabouttheharsheconomicsituation.Mr.Rogers,whomyoumetinthemuseumyesterday,worksasasoftwareengineerandplaysfolkmusic(ontheside).Theseschoolswereselectedforoursurveybecausethecompositionoftheirstudentbodies(wasrepresentativeof)thedistrict'senrollment,whichincludedalargeproportionofchildrenfromimmigrantfamilies.英譯漢UNIT1AristotlewasanancientGreekphilosopherandscientist.亞里士多德是古希臘的哲學家和科學家。Hiswritingscovermanysubjects,includingphysics,biology,zoology,logic,ethics,poetry,theater,music,linguistics,politicsandgovernment,andconstitutethefirstcomprehensivesystemofWesternphilosophy.他的作品涵蓋了許多學科,包括物理學、生物學、動物學、邏輯學、倫理學、詩歌、戲劇、音樂、語言學、政治和政府,構成了第一個綜合的西方哲學體系。Aristotlewasthefirsttoclassifyareasofhumanknowledgeintodistinctdisciplinessuchasmathematics,biology,andethics.亞里士多德是第一個將人類的知識領域劃分為不同學科的

人,如數(shù)學,生物學和倫理學。Hebelievedallpeople'sconceptsandalltheirknowledgewereultimatelybasedonperception,他相信人所有的觀念和所有的知識在根本上都是基于感知能力〇Hisviewsonnaturalscienceslaidthegroundworkformanyofhisworks.他對自然科學的看法構成了他許多作品的基礎。Hecontributedtoalmosteveryfieldofhumanknowledgeinhisera.他幾乎對他所處時期的每一個人類知識領域都作出了貢獻。Hisworkscontaintheearliestknownformalstudyoflogic,andeventodayallaspectsofAristotle'sphilosophycontinuetobetheimportantsubjectofacademicstudy.他的作品包含了人們所知的最早的關于邏輯的正式研究,即使在今天,亞里士多德哲學所涵蓋的方方面面仍是學術研究的重要課題。Hisphilosophyhadalong-lastinginfluenceonthedevelopmentofallWesternphilosophicaltheories.他的哲學對所有的西方哲學理論的發(fā)展有著經(jīng)久不衰的影響。Morethan2,300yearsafterhisdeath,Aristotleremainsoneofthemostinfluentialphilosophersandscientists,在去世2,300多年后,亞里士多德仍是最有影響力的哲學家和科學家之一。UNIT2WilliamShakespeareiswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminent（杰出的）dramatist.人們普遍認為,威廉?莎士比亞是最偉大的英語作家和世界杰出的戲劇家。Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoavastnumberoflanguagesandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.他的劇本被譯成多種語言,并且比其他任何劇作家的作品都上演得多。Shakespeare'searlyworksweremostlycomediesandhistories,莎士比亞的早期作品大多是喜劇和歷史劇。whichhavethereputationofbeingamongthefinestmasterpiecesproducedinthesegenres（體裁）eventoday.即使在今天,這些作品仍是同類作品中的杰作,享有絕佳聲望。Lateron,Shakespearewrotemainlytragedies,someofwhich,likeHamletandKingLear,earnedhimfameintheentireWesternliterature.后來莎士比亞的創(chuàng)作主要是悲劇,其中一些作品,如《哈姆雷特》和《李爾王》,為其在整個西方文學界贏得了聲譽。ThemoststrikingfeaturesofShakespearearehisbrilliantuseoflanguageandhisuniversalthemes.莎士比亞最顯著的特點是其精彩的語言運用及具有普遍意義的主題。HecontributedthousandsofwordstoEnglish,manyofwhichhavebecomeembeddedinthelanguage.他創(chuàng)造了數(shù)千個英語詞匯,其中許多已經(jīng)深植于英語中。Histhemesaresouniversalthattheytranscendgenerationstostirtheimaginationsofreadersandaudiencesworldwide.他的作品主題具有普遍意義,所以能夠數(shù)代流傳,激發(fā)世界各地讀者和觀眾的想象カ。Shakespearehasinfluencedandinspiredmanywritersoverthecenturies,數(shù)世紀以來,莎士比亞影響和激勵了許多作家。Hiswritingsremainhighlypopulartoday,andtheyareconstantlystudied,performed,andreinterpretedindiverseculturesthroughouttheworld.其作品至今依舊廣受歡迎,在世界各地的文化中被不斷地研究、上演和詮釋。Shakespearewillcontinuetohaveanenormousimpactonfutureplaywrights,novelists,poets,actors,andscholars.莎士比亞將繼續(xù)對未來的劇作家、小說家、詩人、演員和學者產(chǎn)生巨大影響。UNIT3WiththedevelopmentofcomputerscienceandtheInternettechnology,socialnetworkingservices（SNS）havecometobeawidelypopularplatformtobuildsocial

networksorsocialrelationsamongpeopleinrecentyears.近年來,隨著計算機科學和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術的發(fā)展,社交網(wǎng)絡服務（SNS）已經(jīng)成為人們構建社交網(wǎng)絡和社會關系的ー個廣受歡迎的平臺。SNSareweb-basedservicesthatallowindividualstocreateapublicprofile,createalistofuserswithwhomtoshareconnection,andviewandcrosstheconnectionswithinthesystem.SNS是基于網(wǎng)頁的服務,允許個人創(chuàng)建面向公眾的個人簡介,創(chuàng)建用戶名單以分享社會聯(lián)系,并對系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的關系網(wǎng)進行瀏覽和交叉連接。Socialnetworkingsitesarevariedandtheyincorporatenewinformationandcommunicationtools,allowinguserstoshareideas,pictures,posts,activities,events,interestswithpeopleintheirnetwork.社交網(wǎng)站多種多樣,可整合各種新的信息及通訊工具,并允許用戶跟網(wǎng)絡中的其他人分享觀點、圖片、帖子、活動、事件以及興趣愛好等。SNShaveaffectedthesociallifeandactivityofpeopleinvariousways.SNS已通過各種方式影響到人們的社會生活以及社交活動。Withitsavailabilityonmanymobiledevices,asocialnetworkingserviceallowstheuserstocontinuouslystayintouchwithfriends,relativesandotheracquaintanceswherevertheyareintheworld,aslongasthereisaccesstotheInternet.隨著各種移動設備對SNS訪問的實現(xiàn),只要能連接上互聯(lián)網(wǎng),用戶在世界上的任何地方都能一直與朋友、親戚及其他認識的人保持聯(lián)絡。Asocialnetworkingservicecanalsounitepeoplewithcommoninterestsandbeliefsthroughgroupsandotherpages,andhasbeenknowntoreunitelostfamilymembersandfriendsbecauseofthewidespreadreachofitsnetwork.SNS還可讓擁有相同興趣和信念的人通過群組或其他頁面建立聯(lián)系,同時,由于其網(wǎng)絡分布廣闊,還能讓失散的家庭成員或朋友重新團聚,這點早已為人所知。UNIT4BaroquearchitectureisabuildingstylethatflourishedinEuropebetweenthelate16thandmid-18thcentury.巴洛克建筑是ー種建筑風格,興盛于16世紀晚期至18世紀中期的歐洲。ItevolvedoutofRenaissancearchitectureinItaly,whentheRenaissancearchitectsbegantogetboredofthesymmetry（對的（）andsameoldformstheyhadbeenusingforthepast200years,andstartedtomakebold,curvingandnotatallsymmetricalbuildingscalledtheBaroquebuildings.它由意大利文藝復興時期的建筑發(fā)展而來,當時文藝復興建筑師開始對過去200多年來一直沿用的對稱的、一成不變的舊建筑形式感到厭倦,開始建造醒目的、具有曲線性而非對稱的巴洛克建筑。Baroque-stylebuildingssharesomecommoncharacteristics.巴洛克風格的建筑有一些共同特征。Marble,gilt（鍍金）andbronzewerethematerialstheBaroquearchitectsusedinabundance.大理石、鍍金、青銅是巴洛克建筑師大量使用的材料。OvalwasthemostdistinctandaverycommonshapeincorporatedintoBaroquearchitecture.橢圓形是巴洛克建筑最鮮明且十分常見的形狀。Dramaticuseoflightisimportant,andisachievedeitherthroughstronglight-and-shadecontrastsoruniformlightingbymeansofwindows.戲劇性的光照運用也是其重要特征,主要是通過強烈的光影對比或由窗戶進入的均勻光線來實現(xiàn)。Opulentuseofcolorandornamentsisprevalent,ascanbeseeninthelarge-scalefrescoes（濕壁畫）paintedontheceilings.豐富的色彩和裝飾運用也很常見,這從天花板上的大幅壁畫中可以看出。Thereisusuallyacentralprojectionthatisquitelargeandjutsoutward,anddomeserectedinapearshapeareoftenseen.巴洛克建筑通常正中還有一個相當大并且向外突出的部分,梨形的拱頂也

十分常見。Themostwell-knownBaroquebuildingsincludetheSt.Paul'sCathedralintheUKandthePalaceofVersaillesinFrance.最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英國的圣保羅大教堂和法國的凡爾賽宮。GianLorenzoBerniniandFrancescoBorrominiwerethetwomainarchitectsoftheBaroqueera,杰安?勞倫佐?貝尼尼和弗朗西斯科?博羅米尼是巴洛克時期兩位主要的建筑師。UNIT5TheRenaissancewasaninfluentialculturalmovementwhichbroughtaboutaperiodofscientificrevolutionandartistic