考研考博-英語-云南理工職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南理工職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Manyscientistsremain（）aboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.stationary

C.spacious

D.specific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。skeptical“懷疑的”；stationary“固定的，靜止的”；spacious“寬敞的，廣闊的”；specific“特殊的，特定的”。句意：一些科學(xué)家對(duì)這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值保持懷疑。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evennotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones,Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience（）.

3.Toovercomestart-upfatigue,weneed（）.

4.Theword“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.strongwillpower

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle

D.Fatigueoftenaccompaniesfatigue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceedingbeingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.可知失敗會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲憊，而疲憊會(huì)使你更難工作，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致疲憊加重，于是進(jìn)入惡性循環(huán)，受阻不前，影響進(jìn)度。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.可知，我們會(huì)因?yàn)槿蝿?wù)過于乏味或太難而推遲完成任務(wù)，這種情況就是start-upfatigue。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.可知，解決辦法就是需要我們加強(qiáng)意志力的鍛煉。因此，本題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.詞匯題。題干詞匯insurmountable意思是不能克服的，難以解決超越的。A選項(xiàng)“不能被解決”，B選項(xiàng)“不能被理解的”，C選項(xiàng)“不能被想象的”，D選項(xiàng)“不能被否決的”。因此，A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由文章第二段可知可以通過鍛煉意志力來克服start-upfatigue可知A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)可通過原文Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan’tseemtodothejobright.推斷得出。C選項(xiàng)在原文中沒有明確說明，過于絕對(duì)。根據(jù)原文最后一段Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.可知D選項(xiàng)正確。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.問答題

Don’ttouchthosewiresinanycircumstances.(Under)

【答案】Don’ttouchthosewiresunderanycircumstances.

4.單選題

Eventhoughstrongevidencehasprovedthenicotinetobe（

）,thetobaccocompanystillinsiststhatitsproductsareharmless.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soluble

B.deficient

C.addictive

D.skeptical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。soluble“可溶解的；可解決的”；deficient“不足的；有缺陷的”；addictive“使人上癮的”；skeptical“懷疑的”。句意：盡管有力的證據(jù)已經(jīng)證明尼古丁能讓人上癮，但是煙草公司仍然堅(jiān)持它是無害的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis（

）andhorizontallyspreadout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prudent

B.reversible

C.diffuse

D.mandatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prudent“謹(jǐn)慎的；精明的；節(jié)儉的”；B選項(xiàng)reversible“可逆的；可撤銷的；可反轉(zhuǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)diffuse“彌漫的，散開的”；D選項(xiàng)mandatory“強(qiáng)制的；托管的”。句意：甚至總統(tǒng)也不是真正的CEO。沒有人是。公司的權(quán)力集中在垂直結(jié)構(gòu)上。華盛頓的權(quán)力是……并且橫向分散的。由前后句意對(duì)比可知，此處應(yīng)表示華盛頓權(quán)力的結(jié)構(gòu)是分散的，水平的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Playerswillbe_______againstfourothersworldwideinatimedcompetitiontoanswertriviaquestionsfromthe1950stopresentday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trifled

B.wreathed

C.instigated

D.pitted

【答案】D

【解析】trifle浪費(fèi),虛度;wreathe環(huán)繞盤旋;instigate教唆,慫恿;pit使留疤痕,使競(jìng)爭(zhēng),pitagainst使與……對(duì)抗,使競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。句意：玩家將在一場(chǎng)計(jì)時(shí)比賽中與來自世界各地的另外四名玩家進(jìn)行較量,回答從20世紀(jì)60年代至今的一些瑣碎問題。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.翻譯題

作為中國歷史上一個(gè)文化與智慧迅速擴(kuò)張的時(shí)代，諸子百家始于公元前770年，終于公元前222年。這個(gè)時(shí)代被譽(yù)為中國思想的黃金時(shí)期和百家爭(zhēng)鳴的時(shí)期，它見證了不同思想學(xué)派的興起。

不少起源于這個(gè)時(shí)代的中國古典著作直到今日對(duì)中國人的生活方式和社會(huì)意識(shí)還有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這個(gè)時(shí)代的知識(shí)型社會(huì)以流動(dòng)的智者為特征，這些智者被不同國家的君主任用為顧問，針對(duì)治國之道、治軍之道和外交手段提出建議。

儒家思想可能是對(duì)國人生活最具有長遠(yuǎn)影響的本體思想。它還被稱為學(xué)者學(xué)派，其文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)存在于儒家典籍中，這些典籍為傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)，這種思想的代表人物是孔子，他主張君主以仁治國。孟子是孔子的弟子，他為儒家思想中人道的傳播做出了主要貢獻(xiàn)，宣揚(yáng)“人性本善”。

中國同樣見證了國學(xué)思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的發(fā)展。它由傳說中的圣人老子和莊子所構(gòu)建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的個(gè)人而不是社會(huì)中的個(gè)人。根據(jù)道家思想，每個(gè)人的生活目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是調(diào)整自我來適應(yīng)自然世界的節(jié)奏，順應(yīng)宇宙的模式，和諧生活。

總而言之，“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的景象出現(xiàn)在2500年前的春秋時(shí)期和2200年前的戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，2400年前，諸子百家的出現(xiàn)以及他們的倡導(dǎo)者老子和孔子都在世界哲學(xué)史的發(fā)展過程中占據(jù)了重要地位。

【答案】AsaneraofgreatculturalandintellectualexpansioninChina,theHundredSchoolsofThoughtlastedfrom770BCto222BC.KnownastheGoldenAgeofChinesethoughtandtheContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought,theperiodsawtheriseofmanydifferentschoolsofthought.

ManyofthegreatChineseclassictextsthatoriginatedduringthisperiodhavehadprofoundinfluencesonChineselifestyleandsocialconsciousnesslastingtothepresentday.Theintellectualsocietyofthiserawascharacterizedbyitinerantintellectuals,whowereusuallyemployedbyvariousstaterulersasadvisersonthemethodsofgovernment,war,anddiplomacy.

ConfucianismisthebodyofthoughtthathasarguablyhadthemostenduringeffectonChineselife.AlsoknownastheSchooloftheScholars,itswrittenlegacyliesintheConfucianClassics,whichlaterbecamethefoundationofthetraditionalsociety.TherepresentativeofthisthoughtisConfucius.Hecontendedthatakingmustbevirtuousinordertoruleproperty.MenciuswasaConfuciandisciplewhomademajorcontributionstothespreadofhumanisminConfucianthought,declaringthatman,bynature,wasinherentlygood.

AsthesecondmostsignificantstreamofChinesethought,theZhouperiodalsosawthedevelopmentofTaoism.ItsformulationisoftenattributedtothelegendarysageLaoZiandZhuangZi.ThefocusofTaoismisontheindividualwithinthenaturalrealmratherthantheindividualwithinsociety.AccordingtoTaoism,thegoaloflifeforeachindividualistoseektoadjustoneselfandadapttotherhythmofthenaturalworld,tofollowthewayoftheuniverse,toliveinharmony.

Inaword,thesceneof“contentionofahundredschoolsofthought”broughtforthintheSpringandAutumnPeriod2500yearsagoandtheWarringStatesPeriodover2200yearsagoandtheemergenceofvariousschoolsofthoughtandtheirexponentssuchasLaoZiandConfuciusabout2400yearsagoalloccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.

8.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(15points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

56.Incomparisonwithmilitary,politicalandeconomicsecurity,ecologicalsecurityhasawiderinfluenceonthecommonpeoplelivinginacountry.Onceitsecologicalenvironmentisdestroyed,thefuturesurvivalofthewholenation,especiallythepoorwillbehorriblyundermined,anditwillbeextremelydifficultforageneration,oreventensofgenerationstoreclaimtheenvironmentonceecologicaldeteriorationgoesbeyondacertainthreshold.AlthoughprotectionoftheenvironmenthaslongbeenamatterofbasicstatepolicyfortheChinesegovernment,itisaundeniablefactthat,onthewhole,effortstoimprovetheenvironmenthavelargelyfailedtomatchdestructiveforcesworkingagainstthem.

57.Thisbookderiversfromdecadesofteachinginvariousschoolsacrossthecountry.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatphilosophyisagenuinelyexcitingsubject,accessiblenotonlytospecialistsandafewgiftedundergraduatemajorsbuttoeveryone.Everyoneisaphilosopherwhetherenrolledinaphilosophicalcourseornot.Thedifferenceisthatsomeonewhohasstudiedphilosophysystematicallyhastheadvantageofhavingencounteredstrongerandmorevariedargumentsthanmighthavebeenavailableotherwise.Whatisspecialaboutthisbookisthatisoffersintroductorystudentstheotherwiseopportunityofhavingdirectcontactwithsubstantialreadingsfromsignificantbooksonphilosophy,butwithouttheunreasonabledemandthattheyconfrontthesebooksinfull,whichareoftenincomprehensible.

58.What’sstrangeaboutmanisthathehasyettolearntosettledisputesbysomemeansotherthanwar.Notonlydoeswartakeaheavytolloflives,butleadstoincreasedtension.Theuseofsophisticatedweaponsisapttobringaboutdisasterstohumanhealthalthoughthereluctancetoeliminateweaponsofmassdestructiononthepartofthebigpowerswillnotnecessarilyendupwithconflicts.Thechancesarethatmanwillhavehisowncivilizationdestroyedifthenotionofthesurvivalofthefitteststillappliestotheinternationalcommunity.Wecannothelpwonderinghowmanyyearsitwilltakefortheworldtoeliminatewaronceforall.

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

59.擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長期戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點(diǎn)，也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。(5points)

60.近年來我國收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大已成為不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)，收入分配的公平問題越來越受到公眾的高度關(guān)注。(5points)

61.實(shí)現(xiàn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)共識(shí)，但是，我國目前財(cái)政教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足，教育資源分配結(jié)構(gòu)也不合理，地區(qū)教育公共服務(wù)的提供依然存在較大的差異。(6points)

62.文化是某一特定人群所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和各種生活方式的總和。(4points)

【答案】SectionAEnglishtoChinese

56.一旦生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，整個(gè)國家，尤其是窮人將來的生存將會(huì)受到極大的損害，而且一旦生態(tài)惡化超過一定限度，那么一代人，甚至幾十代人要想重新修復(fù)環(huán)境都極為困難。盡管保護(hù)環(huán)境一直是中國政府制定的一項(xiàng)基本國策，然而一個(gè)不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)是，總的來說，改善環(huán)境的種種努力很大程度上未能抵抗破壞環(huán)境的力量。

57.它基于以下觀點(diǎn)：哲學(xué)的確是一門有趣的學(xué)科，不僅專家和有的具有天賦的本科生可以理解哲學(xué)，人人都可理解。不論是否上過哲學(xué)課，每個(gè)人都是哲學(xué)家。區(qū)別在于：系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過哲學(xué)的人具有這樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)，他們遇到的論點(diǎn)要比以其他方式遇到的論點(diǎn)更有說服力、種類更多。該書的特點(diǎn)是：它使初學(xué)者有機(jī)會(huì)直接接觸選自重要哲學(xué)著作并有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的讀物，但并不過分地要求學(xué)生必須通讀這些很難讀懂的書籍。

58.盡管大國不愿意銷毀大規(guī)模殺傷性武器的心理不一定導(dǎo)致沖突，但尖端武器的使用會(huì)給人類健康帶來災(zāi)難。如果適者生存（或優(yōu)勝劣汰）這觀念仍使用于國際社會(huì)，那么人類的文明就很可能遭到毀滅。我們不禁要問世界需要多少年才能徹底消滅戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

SectionBChinesetoEnglish

59.Expansionofdomesticdemandisalong-termstrategicapproachinourcountry’seconomicdevelopmentandbasicstandpoint,andalsotopromotebalancedeconomicdevelopmentwithinthefundamentalapproachandtherequired.

60.Inrecentyears,thewideningofincomegaphasbecomeanindisputablefact,andthefairnessofincomedistributionhasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentionbythepublic.

61.Ithasbecomeasocialconsensustorealizethebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation.However,becausenationalexpenditureoneducationisinsufficient,andthedistributionstructureofeducationresourcesisunreasonable,therearestillgreatdifferencesintheprovisionofeducationalpublicservicesindifferentregions.

62.Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.

9.單選題

NearlyeverywriteronthephilosophyofcivilrightsactivistMartinLutherKing,itmakesaconnectionbetweenKingandHenryDavidThoreau,usuallyviaThoreau’sfamousessay.”CivilDisobedience"(1849).InhisbookStrideTowardFreedom(1958),KinghimselfstatedthatThoreau’sessaywashisfirstintellectualcontactwiththetheoryofpassiveresistancetogovernmentallawsthatareperceivedasmorallyunjust.However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,KingwouldnothaveagreedwithmanyotheraspectsofThoreau’sphilosophy,includingThoreau'sultimateacceptanceofviolenceasaformofprotest;second,anoveremphasisontheinfluenceofoneessayhaskepthistoriansfromnotingothercorrespondencesbetweenKing'sphilosophyandtranscendentalism."CivilDisobedience"astheonlyexampleoftranscendentalistwritingwithwhichKingwasfamiliar,andinmanyothertranscendentalistwritings,includingworksbyRalphWaldoEmersonandMargaretFuller,Kingwouldhavefoundideasmorenearlyakintohisown.

ThekindofcivildisobedienceKinghadinmindwas,infact,quitedifferentfromThoreau’sviewofcivildisobedience.Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.Whileheencouragedotherstoadoptsimilarprotests,hedidnotattempttomountanymassprotestactionagainstunjustlaws.IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.

However,King’swritingssuggestthat,withoutrealizingit,hewasanincipienttranscendentalist.Mosttranscendentalistssubscribedtotheconceptof“higherlaw”andincludedcivildisobediencetounjustlawsaspartoftheirstrategy.TheyofteninvokedtheconceptofhigherlawtojustifytheiroppositiontoslaveryandtoadvocatedisobediencetothestrengthenedFugitiveSlaveLawof1850.Inhissecondmajorbook,King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisverysimilartothetranscendentalists'discussionofhigherlaw.Inreferencetohowonecanadvocatebreakingsomelawsandobeyingothers,Kingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw”andanunjustlawasa“codethatisoutofharmonywiththemorallaw.”Thus,King’soppositiontotheinjusticeoflegalizedsegregationinthetwentiethcenturyisphilosophicallyakintothetranscendentalists9oppositiontotheFugitiveSlaveLawinthenineteenthcentury.

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatesthemanideaofthepassage?

2.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsabout“CivilDisobedience”wouldtheauthorconsidermostaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingistrueofEmersonandFuller?

4.ThepassagesuggestswhichoneofthefollowingaboutThoreau?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Kingdifferedfrommosttranscendentalistsinthathe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.King’sphilosophywasmoreinfluencedbyThoreau’sessayoncivildisobediencethanbyanyotherwritingofthetranscendentalists

B.WhilehistoriansmayhaveoverestimatedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,Kingwasgreatlyinfluencedbyanumberofthetranscendentalistphilosophers.

C.Thoreau’sandKing’sviewsoncivildisobediencedifferedinthatKingwasmoreconcernedwiththesocialreformthanwiththeeconomicreformofsociety.

D.AlthoughhistorianshaveoveremphasizedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,thereareparallelsbetweenKing’sphilosophyandtranscendentalismthathavenotbeenfullyappreciated.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

B.ItwasnotKing’sfirstcontactwiththeconceptofpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

C.ItprovidedKingwithamodelforusingpassiveresistancetoeffectsocialchange.

D.Itcontainsanumberofideaswithwhichothertranscendentalistsstronglydisagreed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SomeoftheirideaswerelesstypicaloftranscendentalismthanweresomeofThoreau’sideas.

B.SomeoftheirideasweremoresimilartoKing’sthanweresomeofThoreau's.

C.Theirideasaboutcivildisobedienceandunjustlawsareaswell'knownasThoreau’sare.

D.TheywouldhavebeenmorelikelythanThoreautoagreewithKingonthenecessityofmassprotestincivildisobedience.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasthefirsttodevelopfullythetheoryofcivildisobedience.

B.HisworkhashadagreaterinfluenceoncontemporarythinkersthanhastheworkofEmersonandFuller.

C.Headvocatedusingcivildisobediencetoforcethefederalgovernmenttochangeitspoliciesonwar.

D.Hisphilosophydoesnotcontainallofthesameelementsasthephilosophiesoftheothertranscendentalists.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposedviolenceasaformofcivilprotest.

B.believedthatjustlawshadaninherentmoralvalue.

C.showedmoreinterestedinreformingsocietythaninreformingtheindividual.

D.protestedsocialandlegalinjusticeinUnitedStatessocietyratherthanUnitedStatesforeignpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的中心句However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,...second.確定作者認(rèn)為大部分作家過分強(qiáng)調(diào)梭羅與金思想上的聯(lián)系，并且忽略了金與其他先驗(yàn)論主義者的聯(lián)系。由此推斷出D選項(xiàng)‘盡管歷史學(xué)家過分強(qiáng)調(diào)梭羅對(duì)金的影響，但金的哲學(xué)與超驗(yàn)主義之間存在著尚未得到充分認(rèn)識(shí)的相似之處?！_。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段，可知金的哲學(xué)思想是受到了梭羅的影響，這種影響帶到政治生活中即是：King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisKingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw馬丁路德金對(duì)公正和不公正法律的討論以及個(gè)人的責(zé)任指出有兩種類型的法律，公正和不公正;他把公正的法律描述為“符合道德法則的準(zhǔn)則”，所以A選項(xiàng)‘ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.它影響了金對(duì)不公正法律的消極抵抗的哲學(xué)。正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句‘IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.與梭羅相反，金開始提倡使用大規(guī)模的公民不服從來影響社會(huì)體系內(nèi)的革命變革?！妥詈笠欢巍?..isverysimilartothetranscendentalists’discussionofhigherlaw.因此，馬丁?路德?金反對(duì)20世紀(jì)不公正的種族隔離合法化，在哲學(xué)上類似于19世紀(jì)超驗(yàn)主義者反對(duì)逃亡奴隸法?！茰y(cè)出D選項(xiàng)‘愛默生和福勒會(huì)比梭羅更贊同其非暴力反抗的大規(guī)模抗議的必要性‘正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.作為對(duì)墨西哥戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的抗議，梭羅拒絕交稅，但他不希望通過自己的行動(dòng)迫使國家政策發(fā)生改變?！笨芍狢選項(xiàng)’他主張用非暴力反抗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)迫使聯(lián)邦政府改變其政策‘正確。A，B皆為錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)。D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第二段“Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.梭羅和大多數(shù)先驗(yàn)論者一樣，主要對(duì)個(gè)人的改革感興趣，而金主要對(duì)社會(huì)的改革感興趣?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

________arepoorobserversoftheirchild’sbehavior,sodeviantbehaviorreachesunmanageableproportions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Parentsthat

B.Parents

C.Whenparents

D.Ifparents

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞。句意：因?yàn)楦改覆簧朴谟^察孩子的行為，所以離譜的行為將會(huì)到達(dá)一個(gè)難以掌控的比例。這個(gè)句子關(guān)鍵詞是連詞so，我們要連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，所以答案選B；其他選項(xiàng)與題干結(jié)合都是把前面一半句當(dāng)成從句看待，從句不能算是真正意義上的句子只能在句子中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分，所以A，C，D選項(xiàng)不能選。

11.單選題

10.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shehasdevelopedallergies.

B.Shedoesn’tknowwhatallergiesare.

C.Shedoesn’thaveanyallergies.

D.Shehasallergiestreatedalready.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Howaboutallergies?

W:NotthatI’mawareof.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】對(duì)話中男士問女士過敏情況怎么樣了，女士說不是認(rèn)為的那樣，即她沒過敏。

12.單選題

Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.ThemonkeysparticipatedinanOregonHealthandScienceUniversitystudy.Itshowedprimatesthatexercisedregularly~usingatreadmillfivedaysperweek—hadahigherbraincapillaryvolumeafter20weeksthanacontrolgroupthatdidnotexercise.Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.Thestudyshowedthatthemostsignificantbrainbenefitswereexperiencedbymonkeysdeemed“l(fā)eastfit”atthestartofthetrial.TheOregonresearcherssaidstudyingmonkeyseliminatesanyskewingfromthedecidedlyhumanbehaviorsofsmoking,drinkingandovereating.ThefindingswerediscussedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforNeuroscienceinNewOrleans.

Anothernewstudyemployed39beaglestotestthebrain-enhancingeffectivenessofantioxidant-richfoods(especiallythoserichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene).UniversityofTorontoresearchersdiscoveredthatolddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtrickswiththeproperfortifiedfoodintheirdinnerbowls.“Wefoundolddogsontheantioxidantdietperformedbetteronavarietyofcognitiveteststhandogsnotonthediet,”saidP.DwightTapp,astudyco-authornowbasedattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.”Infact,thedogseatingtheantioxidant-fortifiedfoodsperformedaswellasyoungbeagles.”Fortheuninitiated―orthoseofuswhohaveneverlivedwithanoldbeagleorothercanines—dogscanexperiencethesamememorylossandslowedcognitivefunctionthatoccurinhumans.

Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.Afollow-upstudyisongoingtodetermineiffeedingtheyoungerdogsthespecialdiethelpspreventlossofbrainfunction.

ArthurF.Kramerfigurestostickwithhumansinhisbrainresearch.KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Hewasleadauthoronapioneeringstudypublishedearlierthisyearthatshowedpositivephysiologicalchangesinbrainmatterduetoregularexercise.

Thetypicalmanorwomanlosesbrainmatteraspartoftheagingprocess.Inafirst,Kramerandcolleaguesusedmagnetic-resonanceimaging(MRI)scanstoshowthatindividuals55andolderwhoexerciseregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—canpreservegray-andwhite-matterregionsofthebrain.”Thegreatthingisitdoesn'ttaketoolongtorealizethesebenefits,”Kramersaid,“Wesawsignificantcognitiveimprovementinpeople55andolderoverjustsixmonths.“Graymatterconsistsofaseriesofthintissuelayersinbraincellssuchasneuronsthatarecriticaltolearningandmemory.Whitematterisfoundinthemyelinsheathcontainingnervefibersthattransmitsignalsthroughoutthebrain.Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.Kramerandhiscolleagueshavecompletedothercutting-edgeresearchaboutthebrainandregularphysicalactivity.Onestudyslottedfor2004publicationfollowsuponthegray/white-matterstudy.Preliminaryresultsindicatethatthesamesortofbriskwalkingwillenhancetheperformancecapabilitiesofcorticalcircuitsinthebrain.

“Wearereportingonfunctionandnotjustthephysiologyofthegrayandwhitematter,’，Kramerexplained.Anotherstudytobepublishedin2004buildsonearlierfindingsthatactiveolderwomenonhormone-replacementtherapyexhibitgreatercognitiveabilitiesthanoldermenwhoareregularexercisers.Innewfindings,Kramerandcolleagueshavefoundlessactualbraintissuedeteriorationinwomen55andolderwhohavehigherlevelsofestrogenintheirbodies.Despitebeinga“formerjock,”Kramerdidn'texpectthathisresearchcareerwouldturnsodirectlytowardfitnessandphysicalactivity.Hehasbecomealeadingresearcherintheareaduringthelastdecadeand,alongwithseveralcolleagues,turnedtheUniversityofIllinoisintoarespectedcenterforresearchonhealthyaging.

“Thereisnodownsidetophysicalactivityforolderadultswhogetclearancefromtheirphysicianstostartaprogram,”hesaid,“Weknowitcanhelppreventheartdiseaseandprotectagainststrokedamage.Nowwearebuildingevidencethatregularphysicalactivityallowsyoutothinkbetter.”

1.ThestudyconductedbyOregonHealthandScienceUniversityshowedthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutantioxidant-richfoodsisfalse?

3.ArthurF.Kramerisaprofessorin（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplebegintoageafter（）.

5.FromProfessorKramer’sresearch,wecaninferthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.monkeyscanlearnnewtasksmorerapidlyiftheyexercisedregularlythananyotheranimals

B.regularphysicalexercisecanhelptopromotethebrainfunction

C.monkeysaremorecooperativethanhumanbeing

D.monkeysaregoodatusingtreadmill

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Antioxidant-richfoodsarerichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene.

B.Antioxidant-richfoodscanhelpthebraintoperformbetter.

C.Olddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtricksiftheyhaveantioxidant-richf