必修三unit1 Festivals around the world公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省優(yōu)質(zhì)課大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld1.Festivalsaremeanttocelebrateimportanttimesofyear.節(jié)日意在慶賀一年中主要日子。Cerebrate慶賀（儀式，慶典等），祝賀（以文章、演說(shuō)等）頌揚(yáng)，贊美celebrationn.慶賀，祝賀incelebrationof為了慶賀They

hissuccessandthe

lastedfourhours.（celebration）Theyheldaparty

theirfifitiethweddinganniversarycelebrate與congratulate主要差異celebrate賓語(yǔ)往往是節(jié)日、紀(jì)念日或事件congratulate賓語(yǔ)是人congratulatesbonsth/doingsth祝賀某人（做）某事2.Discusswhentheytakeplace,whattheycelebrateandwhetpeopledoatthattime.討論它們（中國(guó)節(jié)日）什么時(shí)間舉行，慶賀是什么，人們?cè)谀菚r(shí)做什么。takeplace發(fā)生takefirstplace取得第一名takeone’splace就坐，代替某人taketheplaceof代替inplaceof=insteadof代替Takeplace發(fā)生，舉行，指事先經(jīng)過(guò)安排事情Happen偶然發(fā)生，常帶有未能預(yù)見(jiàn)意思

Sthhappen(s)tosb某人發(fā)生某事Occur發(fā)生，想起

Itoccurstosbthat···某人突然想起B(yǎng)reakout戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病突然暴發(fā)Comeout發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生，多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句

Doyouknowhowtheairaccidentcameout？以上表示發(fā)生動(dòng)詞詞組，均為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3.Atthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.在那個(gè)時(shí)代，假如食物難以找到，尤其是在嚴(yán)寒冬月，人們就會(huì)餓死。Starve使餓死，餓得要死Starvetodeath/bestarvedtodeath餓死

Millionsofpeoplehavestarvedtodeath.Starvetodosth渴望去做某事

Hestarvestoexploretheouterspace.Starveforsth渴望取得

Thepatient’sbrainstarvedforoxygenBestarving餓極了

Whenwillthedinnerbeready?I’mstarving.be+性質(zhì)形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式句子中主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式之間在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式仍用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義該結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)形容詞：easy,hard,difficult,impossible,pleasant,interesting,danderous,comfortableEg:Theproblemishardtosolve.theworkisimpossibletofinishnextmonth.誤區(qū)警示在這種句式中，動(dòng)詞不定式并不強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)跟他被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而是表明形容詞是其動(dòng)作結(jié)果為了解方便，能夠在動(dòng)詞不定式前加一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)forsbThequestioniseasyformetoanswer假如動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，要在動(dòng)詞后適當(dāng)介詞

Theroomispleasantforustolivein.DAtogettobreatheiseasytolearncomfortabletolivein4.FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancessors.在日本盂蘭盆節(jié)，人們要掃墓，燒香，以緬懷祖先Inmemoryof紀(jì)念，追悼Haveagood/badmemoryfor對(duì)···記憶力好/差Bringbackmemories引對(duì)往事回想“In+n+of”短語(yǔ)Dinmemoryofinfavor/supportofinhonor/memoryofinchargeof5.Onthisimportantfeastday,peopleeatfoodintheshapeofskullsandcakeswithbonesonthem.在這個(gè)主要節(jié)日里，人們會(huì)吃制成顱骨形狀飾物和裝點(diǎn)有“骨頭“蛋糕。With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With+賓語(yǔ)+名詞Shediedwithhersonyetababy.With+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)Hesleptinthechairwiththedooropen.HeleftwithallthelightsonHecameinwithabookinhishand.With+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞Withalocalpeopleleadingtheway,wegotthereeasily.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作With+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞Withtheproblemsolved,wefinishedtheworkontime.過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)且完成動(dòng)作With+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式Withsomuchworktodo,Icouldn’tgowithyou.動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作誤區(qū)警示W(wǎng)ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)且完成動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作，不過(guò)不能使用分詞完成式。Withalltheworkhavingfinished,hewenthome.Withalltheworkfinished,hewenthomeBgoingfixedopentofollowWithalotofhomeworktodo,Withallthecropsharvested6.Thewesternholidayhalloweenalsohaditsorigininoldbeliefsaboutthereturnofthespiritsofdeadpeople.西方萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕也源自于人們古老信念，認(rèn)為亡靈者靈魂會(huì)返回人間。Belief信心，信念；信任，依賴(lài)One’sbeliefisthat(=itisone’sbeliefthat)某人相信Have(no)beliefthatin（不）相信Have/holdbeliefthat相信····Beyondbelief令人難以置信Shakeone’sbeliefin動(dòng)搖某人對(duì)···信心Believeinsb=havebeliefinsb信任某人Bedifferentfrom=differfrom與···不一樣Bthatinahavebeliefinbeyondbelief7.Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbours’homestoaskforsweets.萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕如今成了孩子們節(jié)日，這天他們能夠喬裝打扮去鄰居家要糖果吃。Dressup盛裝，打扮dressupas裝扮成dresssb/oneself給···穿衣服bedressedindressupdressedupasCtakeup占據(jù)，拿起makeup編造，組成turnup聲音調(diào)大8.Iftheneughboursdonotgivanysweets,thechildrenmightplayatrickonthem.假如鄰居什么糖果也不給，那么孩子們就可能捉弄他們。Trick

n.陰謀，惡作劇playatrick/trickson/uponsb捉弄某人v.坑騙，詐騙

tricksbintodoingsth騙得某人做某事

tricksboutofsth騙取某人某物鏈接cheatsbintodoingsth坑騙某人做某事cheatsboutofsth騙取某人某物foolsbintodoingsth坑騙某人做某事makefunof取笑laughat嘲笑playajoke/jokeson/uopnsb開(kāi)某人玩笑9.IntheUSA,ColumbusDayisinmemoryofthearrivalofChristopherColumbusinthenewworld.美國(guó)哥倫布日是紀(jì)念克里斯托弗·哥倫布發(fā)覺(jué)新大陸節(jié)日arrivaln.到來(lái)，抵達(dá)thearrivalof···到來(lái)Onthearrivalin/at···=onarrivingin/at一抵達(dá)=assoonassbarriveOn表示“一···就···”10.IndiahasanationalfestivalonOctober2tohonourMohandasGandhi,theleaderwhohelpedgainIndia’sindependencefromBritain.印度在十月二日有個(gè)全國(guó)性節(jié)日，紀(jì)念莫罕達(dá)斯·甘地，他是幫助印度脫離英國(guó)而取得獨(dú)立領(lǐng)袖。Gainv.取得，得到，受益Hegainedexperiencefromthefailures.n.收益，贏利，財(cái)富Nopain,nogain不勞則無(wú)獲Gainareputation取得聲望Gainweight/speed/time增加體重/加緊速度/贏得時(shí)間Gainone’srepect/trust取得某人尊重/信任Gaintwominutes（鐘表）快兩分鐘Independencen.獨(dú)立，自主Gainindependencefrom脫離···而獨(dú)立Independence是以后綴-ence結(jié)尾名詞，其形容詞為independent，其后綴為-entDifference-differentIntelligence-intelligentSilence-silentDependon=relyon依靠Bedependenton依賴(lài)依靠Beindependentof獨(dú)立于，不受··約束It/Thatalldepends那得視情況而定11.Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.因?yàn)樵蕉Z食搜集起來(lái)了，農(nóng)活也結(jié)束了，人們都心懷感激。Gatherv.聚集，集合，收攏，采集Gatheraround聚集，集合Gathertogether聚集起來(lái)，合攏Gatherin收割，收獲Gatherup收撿起來(lái)12.Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce,likethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomerooster.有些人還可能因?yàn)樗麄冝r(nóng)產(chǎn)品而獲獎(jiǎng)，比如最大西瓜或最帥公雞Awardn.獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品win/getanawardfor因?yàn)椤ぁぁざ@獎(jiǎng)Vt.授予，給予，獎(jiǎng)給awardsbsth=awardsthtosbaward獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)awardsbsthreward報(bào)答，酬勞rewardsbwithsth13.ChinaandJapanhavemid-autumnfestivals,whenpeopleadmirethemoonandinChina,enjoymooncakes.中國(guó)和日本都有中秋節(jié)，這時(shí)，人們會(huì)賞月。在中國(guó)，人們還品嘗月餅。Admire贊美，欽佩，羨慕Admiresbforsth因某事而欽佩/羨慕某人admirationadmiring14.Themostenergeticandimportantfestivalsaretheonesthatlookforwardtotheendofwinterandtothecomingofspring.最富有生氣而最主要節(jié)日，就是告別冬天，迎來(lái)春天日子。energetic充滿(mǎn)活力，精力充沛（形容詞）energy能量（名詞）

lookforwardto期望，期待，期望lookforwardto+名詞/動(dòng)名詞（-ing）lookafterlookbackonlookintolookthroughlookoutforlookuptolookdownon/upon照料回顧調(diào)查瀏覽注意，當(dāng)心，留心仰慕，尊敬瞧不起，看不起含有介詞to短語(yǔ)stickto堅(jiān)持objectto反對(duì)belongto屬于beusedto習(xí)慣于getdownto開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做devoteto致力于leadto造成referto參考，包括payattentionto注意beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于amlookingforwardtolookforwardtotravellingBcamemeeting15.Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,lookasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.整個(gè)國(guó)度處處是盛開(kāi)櫻花，看上去就像覆蓋了一層粉紅色雪。Asthough=asif似乎，好像在look,seem等連系動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句Itlooksasthoughheisfamiliarwiththisschool引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句Theytalkedasthoughtheyhadbeengoodfriends當(dāng)說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為句子所敘述不是事實(shí)或有極少可能發(fā)生或存在時(shí)，asthough從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣asthough+普通過(guò)去式（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）Theladylooksasthoughsheweretwentyyearsold.asthough+過(guò)去完成時(shí)（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhadbrokenthewindow?16.Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother.人們喜歡聚在一起吃喝玩樂(lè)。Havefun玩開(kāi)心，盡情玩耍能夠客觀描述玩開(kāi)心狀態(tài)，也能夠用來(lái)表示對(duì)即將度假或旅游者祝福“祝你們玩得開(kāi)心”Havefunwithsb=wnjoyonselfwithsb=haveagoodtimewithsb跟某人一起盡情玩耍Havefunwithsth玩某物玩得開(kāi)心Havefun（in）doingsth做某事很開(kāi)心It’sgreatfuntodosth做某事很有趣誤區(qū)警示Fun只能用作不可數(shù)名詞，不能與冠詞連用，能夠用much，alotof，great等修飾。Funny為形容詞“可笑，滑稽”It’sfunny17.Festivalsletusenjoylife,beproudofourcustomsandforgetourworkforalittlewhile.節(jié)日讓我們享受生活，讓我們?yōu)樽约毫?xí)俗而自豪，還能夠暫時(shí)忘記工作中煩惱。customn.風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣customs有時(shí)還能夠表示“海關(guān)”custom社會(huì)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣habit個(gè)人習(xí)慣practice既能夠表示個(gè)人也能夠表示社會(huì)BCCDAAABSectionBLearningaboutLanguage名詞后綴-ation（加在動(dòng)詞后）表示動(dòng)作狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。

operation手術(shù)，invitation邀請(qǐng)，invention創(chuàng)造，contribution貢獻(xiàn)，celebration慶賀形容詞后綴-ous表示“含有···，有··特征”

dangerous危險(xiǎn)，mountainous多山形容詞后綴-al（接在名詞后）表示“像···，與···相關(guān)”

cultural文化，natural自然，national國(guó)家2.Howeverbigthefool，thereisalwaysabiggerfooltoadmirehim.再大傻瓜也會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)比他更傻人在贊美他。fooln.愚人，白癡，受騙者makeafoolof愚弄，捉弄v.坑騙，愚弄foolsbintodoingsth坑騙某人做某事foolsboutofsth騙取某人某物

foolish傻fool/trick/cheatsbintodoingsth坑騙某人做某事fool/trick/cheatsboutofsth騙取某人某物3.Youwanttoaskyourmumforpermissiontogowithyourfriendstothecinema.你想讓你媽媽準(zhǔn)許你和朋友們一起去看電影。permission許可，準(zhǔn)許（不可數(shù)名詞）asksbforpermission/askpermissionofsb請(qǐng)求某人準(zhǔn)許givesbpermissiontodosth準(zhǔn)許某人做某事withone’spermission/withthepermissionofsb經(jīng)某人準(zhǔn)許withoutpermission未經(jīng)準(zhǔn)許permitv。準(zhǔn)許，許可語(yǔ)法知識(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)人語(yǔ)氣或情緒特征：有一定詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，后面接動(dòng)詞原形。普通沒(méi)有些人稱(chēng)和數(shù)改變多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)形式，如can/could,will/would,may/might.不過(guò)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“時(shí)態(tài)”并不是區(qū)分時(shí)間主要標(biāo)志。Can/could表示能力，常譯為“能，會(huì)”Icanspeakenglish。表示請(qǐng)求或許可，常譯為“能夠”，could表示愈加委婉地請(qǐng)求-Can/couldIuseyourphone？-Ofcourse,youcan表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去情況推測(cè)只用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句

Canshebeintheclassroomnow？No,shecan’t表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況推測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)，用can/could+完成時(shí)Can表示理論上可能性，常譯為“有時(shí)可能會(huì)”并不包括詳細(xì)某事會(huì)發(fā)生，要表示詳細(xì)某事會(huì)發(fā)生可能性時(shí)，要用may/mightCan/beabletoCan只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)，而beableto則有更多時(shí)態(tài)改變。Beableto可有未來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)Iwillbeabletohelpyoutofinishthisjob.Ihaven’tbeenabletoansweryourletterCan普通指本身含有能力，而beableto表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力后所含有能力，相當(dāng)于managetodo或succeedindoing。May/might表示請(qǐng)請(qǐng)求獲許可，常譯為“能夠”。Might語(yǔ)氣比may更委婉。普通疑問(wèn)句必定回答可用may或can，否定回答要用mustn’t（不許）或can’t（不可能）MayIcomein？Yes,youmay/can.No,youcan’t/mustn’t表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去推測(cè)may/mighthavedoneMay慣用于祈使句，表示祝福Mayyousucceed！MayGodbelssyou！Must表示”必須“用于普通疑問(wèn)句，必定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或donothavetoMustwehandinourhomeworktoday？Yes,youmustNo,youneedn’t/youdonn’thavetoMustn’t表示”不準(zhǔn)許，禁止“Youmustn’tparkhere.Must表示推測(cè)Must+動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常發(fā)生情況作必定推測(cè)。must否定式不是mustn’t，而是can’tIthinkthenewsmustbetrue.No,itcan’tbetrueMust+have+done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況必定推測(cè)，反義：can’thavedoneItmusthaverainedlastnight.Itcan’thaverainedlastnight.Shall/shouldshallShall用于第一人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中，表示征求意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示shallI/we····？Shall用于第二、三人稱(chēng)陳說(shuō)句中，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方命令，警告，許諾或威脅Heshalldoithimself?。睿℡oushallfailifyoudon’tworkhard（警告）Youshallgettheanswertomorrow（許諾）Heshallbepunished（威脅）Should“應(yīng)該，有責(zé)任或義務(wù)做某事”，語(yǔ)氣略遜于must，跟oughttodo

基本相同。should不是shall過(guò)去式Should+have+done“過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做”

Youshouldnothavetoldherthenews.Should有時(shí)表示“詫異，意外“等情緒，譯為“竟然”。

It’sstrangethatheshouldbelate.Will/would表示請(qǐng)求、提議，用于第二人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句Will/wouldyou···？表示意志、愿望和決心。“愿、要”。Would表示過(guò)去意愿和決心。Iwillneverdothatagain.Shesaidshewouldtakecareofthecat.表示規(guī)律性“注定會(huì)”O(jiān)ilwillfloatonwaterccBcDSectionCUsinglanguage1.Butshedidn’tturnup可是她卻不見(jiàn)人影。Turnup抵達(dá)，出現(xiàn)，露面聲音調(diào)大，增強(qiáng)···力量IfeelcoldandI’dliketoturntheheatupalittle。Turn+介詞/副詞turndown關(guān)小，拒絕 turnin上交turnoff 關(guān)掉 turnon打開(kāi)turnover翻轉(zhuǎn) turnaround轉(zhuǎn)向turnto求援于 turnout證實(shí)是，生產(chǎn)2.Shesaidshewouldbetherat7o’clock，andhethoughtshewouldkeepherword.她說(shuō)她會(huì)在七點(diǎn)抵達(dá)，他認(rèn)為她會(huì)守信用。Keepone’sword守信用，推行諾言Breakone’sword失信Eatone’sword收回序言Takebackone’sword收回某人話(huà)Haveawordwithsb與某人交談Havewordswithsb與某人吵架Inaword簡(jiǎn)言之Inotherwords換句話(huà)說(shuō)Leaveword換句話(huà)說(shuō)Wordcamethat消息傳來(lái)3.Well，hewasnotgoingtoholdhisbreathforhertoapologize.哎，他不想屏息等她來(lái)道歉。Holdone’sbreath屏息，屏氣Takeadeepbreath深呼吸Loseone’sbreath喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)Outofbreath氣喘吁吁Apologizev道歉，謝罪，辯白Apoligizetosbforsth因做某事向某人道歉Apologize不能直接跟人作賓語(yǔ)，需要在人前加介詞to。相同使用方法詞：explain，announce，suggest，report，sayApologyn道歉，