考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連藝術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連藝術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thedepthofthenovelandthevalueofitsartisticandideologicalfeaturedonotdependonthetheme—either（）orsignificant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preliminary

B.versatile

C.trivial

D.alternate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。preliminary“初步的”；versatile“多才多藝的”；trivial“不重要的”；alternate“交替的”。根據(jù)orsignificant可知空格處詞語(yǔ)的意思應(yīng)該與significant相反，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.snatchup

B.catchon

C.summonup

D.watchout

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查固定詞組的含義,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,snatchup奪取,搶奪;catchon理解,多用于口語(yǔ)中；summonup振作,鼓起;watchout保持警覺(jué),小心。句意：約翰說(shuō)他不是很理解,讓我再重復(fù)一遍說(shuō)過(guò)的話(huà)。因此,本題選B。

3.單選題

Theyhavenotseentheiruncle（）1975.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.since

C.in

D.from

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查介詞用法。A選項(xiàng)until“直到……為止，到時(shí)”，B選項(xiàng)since“自……以后，從……以來(lái)”，C選項(xiàng)in“包含在……之內(nèi)”，D選項(xiàng)from“從……起，從……開(kāi)始”。句意：他們直到1975年才見(jiàn)到他們的叔叔。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.填空題

Ingeneral,I’mgladthatIdon’townacar.（1）IdowishthatI（2）amotorcycle,though.It（3）benicetobeabletoget（4）ofthecityonweekends.Ienjoywanderinginthemountains（5）thenorthandwestofourcampus,buttransportation（6）makeithardformetodothatmorethanthreeorfourtimes（7）year.AmotorbikeisjustwhatIneed.

【答案】1.sometimes

2.owned

3.would

4.out

5.to

6.Problems

7.a

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。由空格前句意“我通常高興自己沒(méi)有車(chē)”中“ingeneral通?！奔翱崭窈箨P(guān)鍵詞“though但是”的對(duì)應(yīng)可推知這里表示“有時(shí)也希望自己擁有一輛摩托車(chē)”。

2.語(yǔ)義題。句意:有時(shí)也希望自己擁有一輛摩托車(chē)。此處為wish引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望（其構(gòu)成為主語(yǔ)+wishthat+從句主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be—律用were）。

3.這里用表將來(lái)的委婉語(yǔ)氣詞“would”表示“將會(huì)”。

4.固定搭配。getoutof離開(kāi)。

5.語(yǔ)法題。考查介詞。tothenorthandwestofsth.在…的北面和西面

6.語(yǔ)義題。句意:交通問(wèn)題讓我為難。

7.語(yǔ)義題。這里表示“每年三次或四次”。

5.單選題

26-30

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thelinkbetweenobesityandbirthdefect

B.Thelinkbetweenobesityanddiabetes

C.Theriskofbirthabnormalities

D.Theharmfuleffectsofobesity27.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Neuraltubedefects

B.Heartproblems

C.Cleftlipandpalate(唇腭裂)

D.Diabetes28.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.20million

B.200million

C.400million

D.40million29.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aweight-losssurgery

B.Abalanceddiet

C.Achangeoflifestyle

D.Moreexercise30.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whyobesitycancausebirthdefects

B.Howobesitymaycausebirthdefects

C.Whyobesitycancausediabetes

D.Howobesitymaycausediabetes

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】CatherineandothercolleaguesfromBritain’sNewCastleUniversitycombineddatafrom18studies(26)tolookattheriskofabnormalitiesofbabieswhosemotherswereobeseoroverweight.(27)Obesewomenwerenearlytwiceaslikelytohaveababywithneuraltubedefectswhicharecausedbytheincompletedevelopmentofthebrainorspinalcordthestudyfound.Foronesuchdefect,spinalbifida(脊柱裂),theriskmorethandoubled.Theresearchersalsodetectedincreasedchancesofheartdefect,cleftlipandpalate,wateronthebrain(腦積水)andproblemsinthegrowthofarmsandlegs.(28)TheWorldHealthOrganizationclassifiesaround400millionpeoplearoundtheworldasobese,including20millionundertheageof5,andthenumberisgrowing.ObesityraisestherisksofdiseasessuchastypeIIdiabetes,heartproblemsandisahealthconcernpilingpressureonanalreadyoverburdenednationalhealthsystem.Recentresearchhastightweighttootherproblemsduringpregnancy.(29)AteamfromtheRoundCorporationThinkTankinCaliforniareportedin2008thatwomenwhogetpregnantafterweightlosssurgerytendtobehealthierandlesslikelytodeliverababybornwithcomplicationscomparedtoobesewomen.(30)Furtherstudymayshowhowobesitymaycausetheseproblems,JulietatNewCastleUniversityresearcherwhoworkedonthestudysaidinatelephoneinterview.Womenwhoarethinkingabouttryingforababyneedtochecktheirownweightfirst,andthenthinkaboutseekinghelpiftheyareoverweight.

26.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】全文圍繞“肥胖的女性生的孩子更容易發(fā)生異?！闭归_(kāi)，A選項(xiàng)“肥胖和出生缺陷”符合，故選A。

27.Babieswhosemothersareobesemayhaveincreasedchancesofthefollowingdiseasesexcept?

【解析】其余三種缺陷“neuraltubedefects,cleftlipandpalate,diabetes”文中都有提及，都有可能由母親的肥胖引起，而糖尿病是針對(duì)母親本人而言的，故選D。

28.AccordingtotheWHO,howmanypeopleareclassifiedasobesearoundtheworld?

【解析】文中提到世界衛(wèi)生組織將約4億人歸為肥胖，故選C。

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuggestionforobesewomenwhoplantohaveababy?

【解析】那些做了減重手術(shù)的懷孕女性更健康，生的孩子更不容易有先天缺陷。

30.Accordingtothetalk，whatmaybethefocusoffurtherstudies?

【解析】將來(lái)的研究焦點(diǎn)可能在于“howobesitymaycausetheseproblems”，theseproblems指先天缺陷。

6.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項(xiàng)“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較”和D選項(xiàng)“做出一系列的預(yù)測(cè)”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者寫(xiě)作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會(huì)…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實(shí)施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國(guó)的制造商一直試圖通過(guò)削減成本來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強(qiáng)其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“增加他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀(jì)70年代美國(guó)企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項(xiàng)“介紹作者觀(guān)察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對(duì)汽車(chē)制造商的研究表明，一個(gè)行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力?！梢源_定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話(huà)‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人?！訠選項(xiàng)“支持前期有關(guān)一個(gè)提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)大多數(shù)工廠(chǎng)文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個(gè)詞來(lái)描述？’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)私的，公正的”正確。

7.單選題

Recentsuccesseshave（

）thefactthatthecompanyisstillintrouble.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.revised

C.obscured

D.dissected

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distinguish“區(qū)分”；revise“修改”；obscure“掩蓋，隱藏”；dissect“仔細(xì)分析”。句意：最近的成功掩蓋了公司還處在麻煩中的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Thedocumentswerenotready;______wecouldn’tsingthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conveniently

B.continually

C.consistently

D.consequently

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conveniently“便利地，合宜地”，B項(xiàng)continually“不斷地，頻繁地”，C項(xiàng)consistently“一貫地，一致地，堅(jiān)實(shí)地”，D項(xiàng)consequently“因此，結(jié)果，所以”。根據(jù)句子可知，這兩個(gè)并列的句子之前是因果的關(guān)系，所以D項(xiàng)符合句子語(yǔ)境。句意：文件沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好；因此，我們不能簽署。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TheIndianwarsgreatly（

）thedangersoffrontierlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accumulated

B.challenged

C.multiplied

D.enriched

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。accumulate“積聚；堆積”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”；multiply“繁殖，乘，增加”；enrich“使豐富”。句意：印度戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)極大增加了邊境生命的危險(xiǎn)性。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.翻譯題

Ifthereisanytruthinwhathasbeensaidabouttheneedofforming.Atheoryofexperienceateducationmaybeintelligentlyconducteduponthebasisofexperience,itisclearthatthenextthinginorderinthisdiscussionistopresenttheprinciplesthataremostsignificantinframingthistheory.Ishallnot,therefore,apologizeforengaginginacertainamountofphilosophicalanalysis,whichotherwisemightbeoutofplace.Imay,however,reassureyoutosomedegreebysayingthatthisanalysisisnotanendinitselfbutisengagedinforthesakeofobtainingcriteriatobeappliedlaterindiscussionofanumberofconcreteand,tomostpersons,moreinterestingissues.IhavealreadymentionedwhatIcalledthecategoryofcontinuity,ortheexperientialcontinuum.

Thisprincipleisinvolved,as1pointedout,ineveryattempttodiscriminatebetweenexperiencesthatareworthwhileeducationallyandthosethatarenot.Itmayseemsuperfluoustoarguethatthisdiscriminationisnecessarynotonlyincriticizingthetraditionaltypeofeducationbutalsoininitiatingandconductingadifferenttype.Nevertheless,itisadvisabletopursueforalittlewhiletheideathatitisnecessary.Onemaysafelyassume.Isuppose,thatonethingwhichhasrecommendedtheprogressivemovementisthatitseemsmoreinaccordwiththedemocraticidealtowhichourpeopleiscommittedthandotheproceduresofthetraditionalschool,sincethelatterhavesomuchoftheautocraticaboutthem.Anotherthingwhichhascontributedtoitsfavorablereceptionisthatitsmethodsarehumaneincomparisonwiththeharshnesssooftenattendingthepoliciesofthetraditionalschool.ThequestionIwouldraiseconcernswhywepreferdemocraticandhumanearrangementstothosewhichareautocraticandharsh.

Andby“why”,Imeanthereasonforpreferringthem,notjustthecauseswhichleadustothepreference.Onecausemaybethatwehavebeentaughtnotonlyintheschoolsbutbythepress,thepulpit,theplatform,andourlawsandlaw-makingbodiesthatdemocracyisthebestofallsocialinstitutions.Wemayhavesoassimilatedthisideafromoursurroundingsthatithasbecomeahabitualpartofourmentalandmoralmake-up.Butsimilarcauseshaveledotherpersonsindifferentsurroundingstowidelyvaryingconclusions-topreferfascism,forexample.Thecauseforourpreferenceisnotthesamethingasthereasonwhyweshouldpreferit.Itisnotmypurposeheretogoindetailintothereason.ButIwouldaskasinglequestion:Canwefindanyreasonthatdoesnotultimatelycomedowntothebeliefthatdemocraticsocialarrangementspromoteabetterqualityofhumanexperience,onewhichismorewidelyaccessibleandenjoyedthandonon-democraticandanti-democraticformsofsociallife?Doesnottheprincipleofregardforindividualfreedomandfordecencyandkindlinessofhumanrelationscomebackintheendtotheconvictionthatthesethingsaretributarytoahigherqualityofexperienceonthepartofagreaternumberthanarcmethodsofrepressionandcoercionorforce?

Isitnotthereasonforourpreferencethatwebelievethatmutualconsultationandconvictionsreachedthroughpersuasionmakepossibleabetterqualityofexperiencethancanotherwisebeprovidedonanywidescale?

【答案】如果正如之前所說(shuō)，對(duì)于理論形成的需要是真實(shí)的話(huà)，教育經(jīng)驗(yàn)理論可以在過(guò)往經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行明智的指導(dǎo)，那么很清楚的是，在這個(gè)討論中，接下來(lái)要做的就是提出構(gòu)建這個(gè)理論框架最重要的原則。

正如我提出的一樣，這個(gè)原則涉及于每一次嘗試區(qū)分有教育價(jià)值的經(jīng)歷和沒(méi)有教育價(jià)值的經(jīng)歷中。

我認(rèn)為有一點(diǎn)是確定的，推進(jìn)這項(xiàng)進(jìn)步運(yùn)動(dòng)，在于它似乎比傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校的程序更符合我國(guó)人民所致力于的民主理想，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)學(xué)校有太多的專(zhuān)制思想。

而對(duì)于“為什么”，我指的是偏向于后者的原因，而不僅僅是導(dǎo)致我們偏向后者的原因。我們可能已經(jīng)從周?chē)h(huán)境中吸收了這種觀(guān)念，以至于它已經(jīng)成為我們心理和道德構(gòu)成的一部分。

我們能找到任何最終不會(huì)歸結(jié)為民主社會(huì)促進(jìn)提升人類(lèi)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中的更好品質(zhì)，這種體驗(yàn)比非民主和反民主的社會(huì)生活形式更容易理解和享受這一信仰的原因嗎？

我們相信通過(guò)說(shuō)服而達(dá)成的相互協(xié)商和信任，可能比通過(guò)其他方式在任何情況下提供更好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)質(zhì)量，這難道不是我們偏向的理由嗎？

11.單選題

Incourtherepeatedhis（）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressions

B.alliterations

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。Impression印象，感想；alliteration頭韻；clause從句；（法律文件等的）條款;assertion主張,斷言。句意:在陪審團(tuán)面前,他重申自己無(wú)罪的。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

HetoldArablawmakerswhotookpartintheprotestthat“thedaywillcomewhenwewillbanishyoufromthenationalhome”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conquer

B.transfer

C.depart

D.exile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.conquer占領(lǐng)，攻克B.transfer轉(zhuǎn)職，轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)，改變（環(huán)境）

C.depart離開(kāi)，離去D.exile流放，放逐

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】banish的意思為“放逐，流放，把（某人）驅(qū)逐出境”，這里指把參加抗議活動(dòng)的阿拉伯議員驅(qū)逐出境，exile與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】他告訴參加抗議活動(dòng)的阿拉伯議員：“我們把你們趕出國(guó)家的那一天終將到來(lái)。”

13.單選題

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itis

B.thereis

C.asis

D.whatis

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知everything為定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，everything后面所接部分是修飾everything的定語(yǔ)從句；thereis結(jié)構(gòu)作“目前有的”解時(shí)，可引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，置于被修飾的名詞后面，作該從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that常常省略。

14.單選題

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed(exactlyaswritten)onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandJamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologistscollectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments“ragsweretransferredtothePianolarollandevenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance,itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteen-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabrightmemorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.Typicallyeachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintactinfinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbasscalledbyjazzmusiciansaboom—chickbass—inthepianist’slefthandanditsmelodicsyncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstitutionalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofJazz.Asagenreragtimerequiresstrictattentionofstructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.

37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?

40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistory

B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunes

C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuites

D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructures

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.intrinsically

B.artificially

C.monotonously

D.apparently

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.developmentofmusicalthemes

B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedform

C.clear,sharpmelodicfigures

D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjects

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.

B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.

C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.

D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.formalstructure

B.emotionalrange

C.improvisationalopportunities

D.roleasaforerunnerofjazz

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,RalphVaughanWilliams,AntonDvorak,andScottJoplinaresimilarinthattheyall______.36.根據(jù)第一段，拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安東德沃夏克和斯科特喬普林都______，這一點(diǎn)很相似。

A.conductedresearchintomusicologicalhistoryA.對(duì)音樂(lè)學(xué)歷史進(jìn)行了研究

B.wroteoriginalcompositionsbasedonfolktunesB.是根據(jù)民間曲調(diào)創(chuàng)作的原創(chuàng)作品

C.collectedandrecordedabbreviatedpianosuitesC.收集并錄制了簡(jiǎn)短的鋼琴組曲

D.createdintricatesonata-likemusicalstructuresD.創(chuàng)造了復(fù)雜的奏鳴曲式的音樂(lè)結(jié)構(gòu)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段“雷格泰姆是一種音樂(lè)形式，它將民間旋律（folkmelodies）和音樂(lè)技巧綜合成一種簡(jiǎn)短的類(lèi)似方舞舞曲的形式，嚴(yán)格地按照創(chuàng)作一樣在鋼琴上演奏。拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、愛(ài)德華格里格和安東德沃夏克等歐洲作曲家與美國(guó)的先驅(qū)拉雷格泰姆作曲家有著強(qiáng)烈的相似之處。像斯科特喬普林和詹姆斯斯科特這樣的作曲家在某種意義上是收藏家或音樂(lè)學(xué)家，他們收集黑人社區(qū)的舞蹈和民間音樂(lè)（folkmusic），并有意識(shí)地把它們編成簡(jiǎn)短的組曲或選集（consciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologies），稱(chēng)為鋼琴散拍樂(lè)曲?！?，從中我們可知，雷格泰姆音樂(lè)是將民間旋律和音樂(lè)技巧結(jié)合，并在鋼琴上演奏，拉爾夫沃恩威廉姆斯、安東德沃夏克和雷格泰姆風(fēng)格類(lèi)似，而斯科特喬普林也是收集民間音樂(lè)并編曲，其中的關(guān)鍵詞是folkmusic，所以他們的相似之處就是，他們都是根據(jù)民間旋律創(chuàng)作作品，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)在該段沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)只是針對(duì)斯科特喬普林來(lái)說(shuō)，并不全面，屬于以偏概全。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.Theword“inherently”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby______.37.第二段中的“inherently”一詞最好用______代替。

A.intrinsicallyA.本質(zhì)地，固有的

B.artificiallyB.人工地

C.monotonouslyC.無(wú)變化地，單調(diào)地

D.apparentlyD.顯然地

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】定位第二段第三句“然而，沒(méi)有理由僅因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)制造商采用了一種機(jī)械的錄音方法來(lái)錄制散拍樂(lè)，而這是當(dāng)時(shí)錄制鋼琴音樂(lè)的唯一方法，就認(rèn)為散拍樂(lè)inherently就是呆板的”，在第一句也同樣提到“有時(shí)人們認(rèn)為散拍樂(lè)是呆板的”，從中我們可以推測(cè)，inherently表示“本來(lái)的”的意思，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不正確，屬于曲解原文。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,allthefollowingarewhattheragtimecomposermostconcernedwithEXCEPT______.38.根據(jù)第三段，除了______，下面所有的都是散拍樂(lè)曲作曲家最關(guān)心的。

A.developmentofmusicalthemesA.音樂(lè)主題發(fā)展

B.asubjectdownintactinfinishedformB.一個(gè)完整的主題

C.clear,sharpmelodicfiguresC.清晰的、尖銳的旋律

D.connectingittovariousrelatedsubjectsD.將其與各種相關(guān)主題聯(lián)系起來(lái)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第三段倒數(shù)第二句“散拍樂(lè)作曲家關(guān)心的不是音樂(lè)主題的發(fā)展（Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes），而是把一個(gè)完整的主題（atheme）以完整的形式記錄下來(lái)，并把它與各種相關(guān)的主題聯(lián)系起來(lái)（linksittovariousrelatedthemes）”，以及倒數(shù)第三句“因此，主題必須是簡(jiǎn)短的，清晰的，尖銳的旋律（clear,sharpmelodicfigures）”，從中可知A項(xiàng)是散拍樂(lè)曲作曲家不關(guān)心的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均是散拍樂(lè)曲作曲家關(guān)心的。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenragtimeandjazz?39.根據(jù)第四段，散拍樂(lè)和爵士樂(lè)的主要區(qū)別是什么？

A.Aninstrumentalandmusicaltechniques.A.一種樂(lè)器技巧和音樂(lè)技巧。

B.Aninstrumentalmannerandamelody.B.一種樂(lè)器方法和旋律。

C.Agenreandmusicaltechniques.C.音樂(lè)流派和音樂(lè)技巧。

D.Aninstrumentalmannerandagenre.D.一種樂(lè)器方法和流派。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位至第四段，文中提到“無(wú)論是作為一種器樂(lè)風(fēng)格（institutionalstyle）還是一種流派（genre），散拍樂(lè)都與爵士樂(lè)截然不同”，從中可知，散拍樂(lè)和爵士樂(lè)主要在于institutionalstyle和genre上的區(qū)別，D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)最完整，因此正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)表達(dá)不全面，屬于以偏概全。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Itcaninferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatthemostimportantfeatureofragtimemusicisits______.40.可以推斷出，文章的作者認(rèn)為散拍樂(lè)最重要的特征是它的______。

A.formalstructureA.形式結(jié)構(gòu)

B.emotionalrangeB.情緒廣度

C.improvisationalopportunitiesC.即興機(jī)會(huì)

D.roleasaforerunnerofjazzD.爵士樂(lè)先驅(qū)的角色

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“散拍樂(lè)的精確性不是一種呆板的精確，這種精確也并不局限于表演風(fēng)格，它來(lái)自于散拍樂(lè)遵循的一個(gè)明確定義的形式（awell-definedform），并在這個(gè)形式中遵守簡(jiǎn)單的規(guī)則”，第三段第一句“鋼琴散拍樂(lè)的經(jīng)典形式（classicformula）就是在16小節(jié)的旋律中安排3到5個(gè)主題，并且經(jīng)常以重復(fù)的形式組織起來(lái)（organizedwithrepeats）”，以及最后一段中的“散拍樂(lè)風(fēng)格強(qiáng)調(diào)的是重復(fù)的音樂(lè)節(jié)奏（apatternofrepeatedrhythms）……散拍樂(lè)要求嚴(yán)格注意結(jié)構(gòu)（requiresstrictattentionofstructure）……”，從中我們可以看出，散拍樂(lè)的特點(diǎn)就是遵循明確的形式規(guī)則和編曲結(jié)構(gòu)，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)屬于編曲結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)之一，但并不全面，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)定位文章最后一句“散拍樂(lè)與其說(shuō)是爵士樂(lè)，不如說(shuō)是19世紀(jì)的民間音樂(lè)”可知，選項(xiàng)中的forerunner并不符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogram