考研考博-英語(yǔ)-商丘職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-商丘職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

AsianAmericans.AsiansintheUnitedStatesincludemanynationalities:AsianIndians,Chinese,Filipino,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,andother.AsianAmericanshavebeenheraldedasthenewest“hotethnicmarket”.Thedemographicssupportthisoptimisticoutlook.Asoftheyear2000,approximately11millionAsianswerelivingintheUnitedStates.By2025theU.S,CensusBureauhasprojectedthatnearly22millionAsianswillresidehere.Thoughthe2.4millionChinesearethelargestgroupofAsianslivingintheUnitedStates,AsianIndiansgrewthefastestduringthedecadefrom1990to2000,withthatpopulationdoublingandnowtotaling1.7millionintheUnitedStates.

AsianAmericansonaveragearebettereducated,havehigherincomes,andoccupymoreprestigiousjobpositionsthananyothersegmentofAmericansociety.ThemedianhouseholdincomeforAsianAmericansinonerecentyearwas$46,700comparedwithmedianincomesof$40,600,$30,300,and$25,900forwhites,HispanicsandAfricanAmericansrespectively.

ItisimportanttoemphasizethatjustasthereisnosingleblackorHispanicmarket,therecertainlydoesnotexistasingleAsianmarket.Moreover,unlikeotherethnicgroups,suchasHispanics,whoshareasimilarlanguage,AsianAmericansspeakavarietyofuniquelydifferentlanguages.AmongAsiannationalitiesthereareconsiderabledifferencesinproductchoicesandbrandpreferences.EvenwithineachnationalitytherearevariationsintermsofEnglishlanguageskillsandfinancialwell-being.Indeed,itisestimatedthatover50percentofallAsianAmericansovertheageof5donotspeakEnglishfluentlyandmanyare“l(fā)inguisticallyisolated”insofarastheyliveinhomeswherenoadultsspeakanyEnglish.

【答案】【參考譯文】亞裔美國(guó)人。在美國(guó)的亞洲人包括很多民族：印度人、中國(guó)人、菲律賓人、日本人、韓國(guó)人、越南人和其他民族。亞裔美國(guó)人一直被視為是最新的“熱門族裔市場(chǎng)”。人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)支持這一樂(lè)觀前景。截止2000年，大約有1100萬(wàn)亞洲人生活在美國(guó)。美國(guó)人口普查局預(yù)計(jì)，到2025年，將會(huì)有近2200萬(wàn)亞洲人居住在這里。雖然240萬(wàn)中國(guó)人是生活在美國(guó)的最大亞洲人群體，但亞裔印度人在1990年到2000年的十年間增長(zhǎng)最快，人數(shù)翻了一番，現(xiàn)在總計(jì)達(dá)到170萬(wàn)。

與美國(guó)社會(huì)的其他階層相比，亞裔美國(guó)人平均受教育程度更高，收入更高，占據(jù)著更有聲望的職位。亞裔美國(guó)人的中等家庭收入在最近的一年為4.67萬(wàn)美元，而相比之下的白人、西班牙裔和非洲裔美國(guó)人中等家庭的收入分別為4.06萬(wàn)美元、3.03萬(wàn)美元和2.59萬(wàn)美元。

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，正如沒(méi)有單一的黑人或西班牙裔市場(chǎng)，當(dāng)然不存在一個(gè)單一的亞裔市場(chǎng)。此外，與其他民族不同，比如擁有類似語(yǔ)言的西班牙裔民族，亞裔美國(guó)人講著各種獨(dú)特不同的語(yǔ)言。亞裔各民族之間在產(chǎn)品選擇和品牌偏好上存在相當(dāng)大的差異。甚至在每個(gè)民族中，在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言技能和財(cái)務(wù)狀況方面也有不同。據(jù)估計(jì)，所有5歲以上的亞裔美國(guó)人中實(shí)際有50%以上的人不能流利地講英語(yǔ)，并且還有很多人是“語(yǔ)言上被孤立”，因?yàn)樗麄兩畹募彝ブ袥](méi)有人講英語(yǔ)。

2.翻譯題

40.地球快速變暖到了非常嚴(yán)峻的程度，而世界上最貧窮的國(guó)家成了極端氣候的最大受害者。未來(lái)的氣候變化可能帶來(lái)更頻繁和更嚴(yán)重的洪澇、旱災(zāi)和其他極端氣候事件，發(fā)展中國(guó)家至今還沒(méi)有良好的能力對(duì)付它們。

41.即使現(xiàn)在，地球上最貧窮的十億人口所產(chǎn)生的排放只占全球排放的3%，而最富有的十億人口占了全球排放的50%。全球還有16億人口無(wú)法獲得現(xiàn)代能源，沒(méi)有能源，國(guó)家就不能繁榮。富國(guó)只有采取強(qiáng)有力的行動(dòng)以騰出一些大氣層的“污染空間”，當(dāng)?shù)褪杖雵?guó)家在將來(lái)開(kāi)始更多排放時(shí)，才可能使全球排放達(dá)到重新平衡。

42.未來(lái)十年發(fā)生的事情將深刻影響可供我們后代進(jìn)行的選擇。延遲或不采取行動(dòng)的代價(jià)是非常高的，我們必須現(xiàn)在就行動(dòng)，必須用全人類的聰明才智和合作精神，來(lái)對(duì)付氣候危機(jī)。

43.雖然越來(lái)越多的人都知道氣候變暖，相信需要采取行動(dòng)，但很少有人把它放在首位，太多的人在機(jī)會(huì)面前并沒(méi)有采取行動(dòng)。所以，最大的挑戰(zhàn)在于改變行為方式和制度，尤其是富國(guó)。

【答案】40.Theplanetiswarmingrapidlytoseverelevels,andtheworld’spoorestcountriesarethebiggestvictimsofextremeweather.Futureclimatechangeislikelytobringmorefrequentandseverefloods,droughtsandotherextremeweathereventsthatdevelopingcountriesarenotyetwellequippedtodealwith.

41.Evennow,thepoorestbillionpeopleontheplanetaccountforonly3%ofglobalemissions,whiletherichestbillionpeopleaccountfor50%.Andtherearestill1.6billionpeopleintheworldwhodonothaveaccesstomodernenergy.Acountrycannotprosperwithoutenergy.Rebalancingglobalemissionswillbepossibleonlyifrichcountriestakestrongactiontofreeupsomeatmospheric“pollutionspace”,thuslow-incomecountriesstarttoemitmoreinthefuture.

42.Whathappensinthenextdecadewillprofoundlyaffectthechoicesavailabletofuturegenerations.Thecostsofdelayorinactionaretoohigh,andwemustactnowtotackletheclimatecrisiswiththeingenuityandcooperationofallhumanity.

43.Althoughagrowingnumberofpeopleareawareofglobalwarmingandbelievethatactionisneeded,fewputitfirst,andtoomanypeopledonottakeactioninthefaceofopportunity.Sothebiggestchallengeisaboutchangingbehaviorandsystem,especiallyinrichcountries.

3.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。absorption“吸收”；transition“傳送，過(guò)渡，傳遞”；consumption“消費(fèi)，消耗”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：從固體變成液體，水要吸收周圍所有物體的熱量，這種吸收會(huì)導(dǎo)致周圍環(huán)境變冷。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Alltheseprojectsrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan______throughtaxesalonetoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.israised

B.beingraised

C.toberaised

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。than為介詞，后面要用-ing形式，故A項(xiàng)排除；因?yàn)槎愂帐潜徽魇?，故D項(xiàng)排除；通過(guò)today可知，不含有將來(lái)之意，C項(xiàng)排除；句意：如果需要他們?yōu)槲覀兎?wù)，所有這些項(xiàng)目都需要對(duì)新設(shè)備和新的發(fā)展做出連續(xù)不斷的支出，比要多于今天單獨(dú)通過(guò)稅收得來(lái)的資金。故正確答案為B。

5.單選題

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstoshare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(IE)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth，”Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of

1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”

1.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

2.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?

3.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

4.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?

5.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

B.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

C.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.

C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.

D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

C.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.

C.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.forgottomakefootnotesandcitations

B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles

C.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations

D.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句話AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.“科學(xué)家們說(shuō)一個(gè)新的愛(ài)因斯坦將會(huì)出現(xiàn)。但是需要很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間”，根據(jù)這句話可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第五段提到了愛(ài)因斯坦所受的教育不同。在他青少年時(shí)期他時(shí)常閱讀卡特、叔本華、斯賓諾莎這些哲學(xué)家的作品。這些作品教會(huì)了他如何獨(dú)立以及抽象地去思考時(shí)間與空間。由此可推知愛(ài)因斯坦“獨(dú)立以及抽象的思維”是他成功的關(guān)鍵。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第八段提到Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepracticalandrewarding—efforts.今天的物理學(xué)家們很多都去華爾街和硅谷，把他們的分析能力運(yùn)用到了實(shí)踐，并且不斷努力來(lái)獲得（經(jīng)濟(jì)）回報(bào)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章最后一段提到如果我們收到像愛(ài)因斯坦那樣紙上都是演算公式，沒(méi)有腳注，沒(méi)有參考文獻(xiàn)的科學(xué)論文(getpaperslikethose)，我們會(huì)把這些直接放到垃圾郵件里（junkfile）。由此可以推知，BrianGreene是在暗示現(xiàn)在的學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境——人們不會(huì)接受看似非?；奶频南敕?。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章倒數(shù)第三段“byavirtualunkown”,指的是當(dāng)時(shí)的愛(ài)因斯坦還默默無(wú)聞，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)成（某個(gè)樣子），及物動(dòng)詞，多用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)用外力來(lái)恢復(fù)原狀”。句意：我們真誠(chéng)地希望你們不久就能恢復(fù)健康。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

7.單選題

Everyoneinterviewedhadbeen（

）tounfairtreatment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjected

B.adjusted

C.devoted

D.entitled

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。subject“使……隸屬；使屈從于……”；adjust“調(diào)整，使……適合”；devote“致力于；奉獻(xiàn)”；entitle“定名為……；使……有權(quán)利”。根據(jù)后面的unfairtreatment(不公平待遇)可推測(cè)空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)帶有貶義的詞，besubjectto是一個(gè)固定詞組，意思是“遭受”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：每個(gè)被采訪的人都遭遇過(guò)不公平的對(duì)待。

8.單選題

Thetwocountrieshave（）friendlyrelationsformanyyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retained

B.sustained

C.maintained

D.remained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這兩個(gè)國(guó)家多年來(lái)保持著友好關(guān)系。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。Retain持有,保留;sustain維持(生命、生存),使穩(wěn)定持續(xù),遭受;maintain維持,保持,維修;remain仍然是,保持不變,剩余,遺留,續(xù)存在。因此C符合句意。

9.單選題

Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsaswellasagreedconventions（

）thesewordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asthewaybywhich

B.bythewayinwhich

C.astothewayinwhich

D.inthewayofwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我們每個(gè)人都與我們所生活的社會(huì)分享著大量的詞匯以及約定的慣例，……這些詞匯排列組合起來(lái)后可以表達(dá)特定意義。后半句是對(duì)前半句中約定的慣例進(jìn)一步解釋，因此只有C選項(xiàng)“至于這種慣例（方式）”可將前后銜接起來(lái)。

10.翻譯題

MacroeconomicPolicy

IftheGreatDepressionsparkedtheformulizationofmacroeconomicpolicy,thecurrentGlobalFinancialAndEconomicCrisisiswritingthenextchapterHadtherebeenapolicyinventoryfortheGreatDepression,providingtheopportunitytoobservetherangeofpoliciesfollowed,therangeofcountriesimplementingthesepolicies,andtherangeoftheimpact,formalizationoflessonslearnedintheformofmacroeconomictheorywouldhavetokenplacemoreeasilyandmoreconsistentlybybeingabletoseethelargerpicture.Thisthenshouldbethemodestgoalofpolicyinventory——totrytocapturethewhole,theglobalmacropracticesacross77countries,toaidformalizationofmacroeconomicpracticeandtheory.Whatisnotcoveredadequatelybythepolicyinventoryatthemacrolevelisimpact,forwhichamoredetailedfollow-upstudyisrecommended.

Asaresultoftheneedforatrulyglobalviewoftheproblem,thissurveyhasobservedtheentiresampleofcountries,dividingthesampleintotwocategories:high-incomecountries,andlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Threeparticularityimportantfactorsinthepolicyinventorycanbeusedtoanalyzethepolicyresponsesutilizedduringthecrisisyears.

【答案】宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策

如果大蕭條引發(fā)了宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的制定，那么在存在一個(gè)庫(kù)存策略的前提下，目前的全球金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)將會(huì)使大蕭條進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的階段，使我們能夠有機(jī)會(huì)觀察由此帶來(lái)的政策相關(guān)的范圍，包括國(guó)家實(shí)施這些政策的范圍和影響范圍，由于能夠看到更宏觀的藍(lán)圖，在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)理論中學(xué)到的形式的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)將更容易，更一致的發(fā)生。這應(yīng)該是政策庫(kù)存的適度目標(biāo)，試圖掌握77個(gè)國(guó)家的全球宏觀實(shí)踐，以幫助宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐和理論的形式化。在宏觀層面上，政策庫(kù)存的影響沒(méi)有充分覆蓋，對(duì)于這種影響，后續(xù)有一個(gè)更詳細(xì)的研究建議。

由于需要真正全面地看待這一問(wèn)題，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查觀察了整個(gè)國(guó)家的樣本，將樣本分為兩類：高收入國(guó)家和中低收入國(guó)家。庫(kù)存策略中的三個(gè)特別重要的因素可以用來(lái)分析危機(jī)期間的政策反應(yīng)。

11.單選題

Itismoreimportantthatsheshouldbefree_____sheshouldlivealuxuriouslife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thanwhat

B.that

C.morethan

D.thanthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查比較級(jí)的規(guī)則。根據(jù)句中的more，肯定要有than，根據(jù)相比較對(duì)象一致的原則，本題是thatsheshouldbefree與thatsheshouldlivealuxuriouslife之間相比較的句子，所以選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

12.單選題

Geysershaveoftenbeencomparedtovolcanoes______theybothemithotliquidsformbelowtheEarth’ssurface.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dueto

B.became

C.inspiteof

D.regardlessof

【答案】A

【解析】考查句子邏輯。從句子的意思可以知道，前后成分是結(jié)果與原因的關(guān)系，所以我們需要選擇一個(gè)表示原因的連接詞，A項(xiàng)dueto“由于”，后面接表示原因的名詞性成分；B項(xiàng)become“變成”，不符合邏輯；C項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管”表示讓步；D項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管”表示條件；這里題干其實(shí)省略了一個(gè)that。句意：間歇泉經(jīng)常被比作火山，因?yàn)樗鼈兌坚尫懦龅乇硐碌臒嵋后w。因此，該題正確答案為A。

13.單選題

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪費(fèi),慷慨給予;extravert使思想外傾;impose征稅,強(qiáng)加;vaunt自夸，吹噓。句意：雖然他做了許多偉大的事情，但他從不覺(jué)得有必要夸耀自己的成就。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.單選題

—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.

—She_____.I’vealreadyborrowedone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。A項(xiàng)“不能”；B項(xiàng)“禁止”；C項(xiàng)“不必”；D項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該”。句意：露西不介意把她的詞典借給你。不必了，我已經(jīng)借到了一本。只有C項(xiàng)符合。

15.單選題

Tofacilitateentryintofineartthinkingandavoidbeingmisledinfundamentalways,archaeologistsmustunderstandtheprinciplesthatdefineandgoverneachartcategory,whetherutilitarian,fineordecorative.Thetraditionalintentofacraftlikeceramicsistoserveautilitarianfunctionanditsabilitytoactinthiscapacityisessentiallydependentupontheskillofproperlyshapingavesseltocorrespondtoitstask,soneitheritsexactmannerofconstruction(byhandorwheel,coilorslab)northesignificanceofimageryglazedonitssurfacechangesitsprimaryrole“tocontain”,thoughitmayaddtoitsvalue.Whileceramicistsmustthinkandconstructartaccordingtocertainpatternsofutilitarianform,followingaprototypalmodelthatrelatestotheartwork’spurpose,finearthasnosuchrequirement.

Fineartistsoftenworkinmixedornewmedia,evidencedbytheexampleofvasescreatedduringtheGreekArchaicperiod,whichwereananomalytotheparadigmofearliervasesbecausethelateronesnotonlyserved“tocontain”,butalsotocommunicateideas.AnexaminationofthisapparentinconsistencyrevealsboththeGreek’shighregardforaestheticsandtheexplanationthatfineartistsusuallycreatedthepaintingsonthevasesmadebypotters.ThoughGreekvasepaintingdiffersgreatlyfromtheworkofmodernartistPabloPicasso,hetoopaintedonceramicobjectsmadebyothers.Contrastingancientfineartformssuchaspaintingsandstoneormetalsculptureswithcontemporaryfineartformssuchascomputerart,videoimagery,andholograms,itispossibletoseethatastheculture’stechnologytransforms,itschangesarevisibleinthestructuralformsoffineart.

Atthesametime,changesinfineartindicateitsmandatetobothreflectandcreatenewperceptionsoftheculture,butformaloneisinsufficienttoclassifyobjectsintoartcategories.Frequently,artthatservesadecorativefunctionisconfusedwithbothutilitarianandfineartbecauseofitssimilarappearance,butthefunctionofdecorativeartistheformitself,itisnotcompelledtofulfilleitherautilitariantaskoraddressconceptsthatexemplifyitshistoricperiod.Communicationwouldappearredundantiffineartists,likeutilitariananddecorativeartists,weretoproduceunlimitednumbersofthesameobject.Onceanideaisassimilatedintotheculturethereisnolongeraneedtodiscussitunlessartistsaremoreclearlydefiningorredefiningit.Therefore,archaeologistsshouldbeawarethatanartifactproducedinanywaybyformulaisnotfineart.Thefineartist’sprocessiscontinuousfromthemomentofconceptionuntilapieceiscomplete,andthuseverythingisthoughtofintermsofcontext,sothat,asageneralguide,archaeologistsshouldconsidernomarkwithinaworkunimportantandonlydefineitsmeaninginrelationtothewholepiece.

36.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,the"earliervases"mentionedinthesecondparagraphconstitutewhichofthefollowing?

38.Accordingtothepassage,theformwhichfinearttakesatanygivenhistoricalmomentisoftendictatedby（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'sviewoftheargumentthatfineartmaybedistinguishedasacategorybyitsphysicalform?

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfineartsproductionisbestsupportedbytheinformationpresentedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinguishingmutuallyexclusivecategories

B.clarifyinganapparentcontradiction

C.supportingnewideas

D.analyzingaproblem

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theproductofmixedmediaart,involvinghybridforms.

B.Acaseofprimarilyutilitarianartbeingputtodecorativepurposes.

C.Utilitarianartwhosemakersweresolelyconcernedwithfunctionality.

D.Fineart,whoseprimarypurposeistoconveyaestheticmeaning.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thelevelofcontinuityintheartist’sthinkingprocess

B.theconceptswhichexemplifythehistoricalperiodofitscreation

C.thetechnologyavailabletotheartistatthetimetheartpieceiscreated

D.thelevelofskillwhichtheartistbringstotheartwork

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Outrightapproval.

B.Skepticism.

C.Neutrality.

D.Indignation.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thebestfineartisinsomecasesproducedbyformula,resultinginmassquantitiesofasingleobject.

B.Onceanartistcreatesawork,thereisusuallylittlebenefitinhisduplicatingit,asithasalreadyconveyeditsmeaning.

C.Inaestheticterms,fineartisoftenconsideredsuperiortodecorativeart,whosebeautyislimitedbyfunctionality.

D.Atthepresenthistoricalmoment,hightechnologylikeelectronicsseldomplaysaroleinartsotherthanfinearts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】36.主旨大意。原文第一段第一句提到Tofacilitateentryintofineartthinkingandavoidbeingmisledinfundamentalways,archaeologistsmustunderstandtheprinciplesthatdefineandgoverneachartcategory,whetherutilitarian,fineordecorative.（為了便于進(jìn)入美術(shù)思維，避免在基本方面被誤導(dǎo)，考古學(xué)家必須理解定義和管理每一個(gè)藝術(shù)類別的原則，無(wú)論是實(shí)用主義的、精細(xì)的還是裝飾性的。），說(shuō)明作者在分析一個(gè)問(wèn)題。從而得出本題答案。

37.細(xì)節(jié)推斷。根據(jù)題干“earliervases”定位到原文第二段第一句Fineartistsoftenworkinmixedornewmedia,evidencedbytheexampleofvasescreatedduringtheGreekArchaicperiod,whichwereananomalytotheparadigmofearliervasesbecausethelateronesnotonlyserved“tocontain”,butalsotocommunicateideas.（優(yōu)秀的藝術(shù)家經(jīng)常使用混合或新媒介的作品，以希臘古時(shí)期的花瓶為例，這是早期花瓶范式的一種反常，因?yàn)楹笃诘幕ㄆ坎粌H具有“容納”的作用，而且還具有傳達(dá)思想的作用。）分析第一句可知earliervases指代前文的“mixedornewmedia”,從而得出本題答案。

38.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“fineart”定位到原文第二段最后一句Contrastingancientfineartformssuchaspaintingsandstoneormetalsculptureswithcontemporaryfineartformssuchascomputerart,videoimagery,andholograms,itispossibletoseethatastheculture’stechnologytransforms，itschangesarevisibleinthestructuralformsoffineart.（對(duì)比古代美術(shù)形式，如繪畫、石雕或金屬雕塑，與當(dāng)代美術(shù)形式，如計(jì)算機(jī)藝術(shù)、視頻圖像和全息圖，可以看到，隨著文化的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變，其變化可見(jiàn)于美術(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。）根據(jù)信息點(diǎn)“technology”,“visible”“thestructuralforms”即可得出本題答案。

39.

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，根據(jù)原文作者論述的語(yǔ)調(diào)和原文最后一段第一句Atthesametime,changesinfineartindicateitsmandatetobothreflectandcreatenewperceptionsoftheculture,butformaloneisinsufficienttoclassifyobjectsintoartcategories.（同時(shí)，藝術(shù)的變化表明其職責(zé)反映和創(chuàng)造新的文化的認(rèn)知，但形式本身是不足以對(duì)象為藝術(shù)類別進(jìn)行分類。）中“insufficient”可知作者的態(tài)度是skepticism，從而得出本題答案。

40.細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)原文最后一段第四句Onceanideaisassimilatedintotheculturethereisnolongeraneedtodiscussitunlessartistsaremoreclearlydefiningorredefiningit.（一旦一個(gè)想法被文化所吸收，就沒(méi)有必要再去討論它，除非藝術(shù)家們能更清晰地定義或重新定義它。）中的信息點(diǎn)“anideaisassimilated,nolongeraneed”“clearlydefiningorredefiningit”，即可得出本題答案。

16.填空題

WhenIwasinprimaryschool,（1）teacherwasfemale(thisincluded

（2）theoneswhocoachedourfootball),butstartinginmyseventhyearofschoolIhadoccasional（3）instructorstoo.

【答案】1.every

2.even

3.male

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。Every每一個(gè)。

2.邏輯銜接。此句表示讓步,因此用even。

3.語(yǔ)義題。Male男性的。

17.單選題

Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concession

B.submission

C.transmission

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”；B選項(xiàng)submission“屈服，投降，歸順”；C選項(xiàng)transmission“傳遞，傳播”；D選項(xiàng)recession“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮”。由whether...or...（是……還是……）可知空格處與boom（繁榮）所表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：很難判斷我們將迎來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮還是衰退。

18.單選題

Cancercellshideamonghealthycellstoconcealtheir（

）proteins.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.malignant

C.equivalent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.abundant豐富的；充裕的B.malignant惡性的；有害的

C.equivalent相等的；等價(jià)的D.prevalent普遍的；流行的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】癌細(xì)胞隱藏在健康細(xì)胞中以隱藏……蛋白質(zhì)。根據(jù)邏輯，癌細(xì)胞是隱藏有害的、已經(jīng)惡性的蛋白質(zhì)。所以B選項(xiàng)“惡性的；有害的”符合邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合邏輯。

【句意】癌細(xì)胞隱藏在健康細(xì)胞中，以隱藏它們的惡性蛋白質(zhì)。

19.翻譯題

Ishallmentiontwoorthreemattersinwhichtheneedforcooperationbetweenphilosophyandscienceisespeciallyintimate.

Sincescientificmethoddependsuponfirst-handexperimentalcontrolledexperiences,anyphilosophicapplicationofthescientificpointofviewwillemphasizetheneedofsuchexperiencesintheschool,asoveragainstmereacquisitionofready-madeinformationthatissuppliedinisolationfromthestudents’ownexperience.Sofar,itwillbeinlinewithwhatiscalledthe“progressive”movementineducation.Butitwillbeaninfluenceincounteractinganytendenciesthatmayexistinprogressiveeducationtoslighttheimportanceofcontinuityintheexperiencesthatarehadandtheimportanceoforganization.Unlessthescienceofeducationonitsowngroundandbehalfemphasizessubject-matterswhichcontainwithinthemselvesthepromiseandpowerofcontinuousgrowthinthedirectionoforganization,itisfalsetoitsownpositionasscientific.Incooperationwithaphilosophyofeducation,itcanlendinvaluableaidinseeingtoitthatthechosensubject-mattersarealsosuchthattheyprogressivelydeveloptowardformationofattitudesofunderstandingtheworldinwhichstudentsandteachersliveandtowardformingtheattitudesofpurpose,desireandactionwhichwillmakepupilseffectiveindealingwithsocialconditions.

Anotherpointofcommoninterestconcernstheplaceintheschoolsofthesciences,especiallytheplaceofthehabitswhichformscientificattitudesandmethods.Thescienceshadtobattleagainstpowerfulenemiestoobtainrecognitioninthecurriculum.Inaformalsense,thebattlehasbeenwon,butnotyetinasubstantialsense.Forscientificsubject-matterisstillmoreorlessisolatedasaspecialbodyoffactsandtruths.

Thefullvictorywillnotbewonuntileverysubjectandlessonistaughtinconnectionwithitsbearinguponcreationandgrowthofthekindofpowerofobservation,inquiry,reflectionandtestingthataretheheartofscientificintelligence.Experimentalphilosophyisatonewiththegenuinespiritofascientificattitudeintheendeavortoobtainforscientificmethodthiscentralplaceineducation.

Finally,thescienceandphilosophyofeducationcanandshouldworktogetherinovercomingthesplitbetweenknowledgeandaction,betweentheoryandpractice,whichnowaffectsbotheducationandsocietysoseriouslyandharmfully.Indeed,it