考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南外事外語(yǔ)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南外事外語(yǔ)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thestoryistoldthatinthe,medievalUniversityofParistheprofessorsweredisputingaboutthenumberofteethinahorse’smouth.Theyagreedthatthenumbercouldnotbeamultipleofthree,forthatwouldbeanoffensetotheTrinity;norcoulditbeamultipleaseven.NeithertherecordsofAristotlenortheargumentsofStThomasenabledthemtosolvetheproblem.Thenashockingthinghappened.Astudentwhohadbeenlisteningthediscussionwentout,openedahorsedmouthandcountedtheteeth.

Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.Afterthehorse'smouthwasopenedknowledgebecameanopensystem.Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.Ifnorforprefermentthenasameansofspiritualandintellectualhealth,justasamanplays,golfnotforthesakeofgolfbuttokeepdownweight.

Iwanttofollowthesetwolinesofthoughtbyraisingthreequestion.Thefirstiswhatdowewanttoperpetuatefromtheuniversity'slongtradition?What,inotherwords,isthecontentofourloyaltytotheuniversityideal?Secondlywhatobligationsdoestheuniversityhave—_whatloyaltiesoughtittofoster—towardscontemporarysociety?Andthirdly,whataretheprospectsthatthesetwoloyalties—onetoatraditionaluniversityidealtheothertothesocietyinwhichwelivecanbereconciled?

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheparabletoshowthat（

）.

3.Thepassagestatesthat（

）.

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreewith（

）.

5.Theword“novel”inparagraph2isasynonymto（

）.

6.Itcouldbeinferredthattheauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.themostimportantfunctionofauniversity

B.thedifferencesbetweenmodernandmedievaluniversities

C.thecontentoftheuniversityideal

D.theauthor'sopiniononeducation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.scientificresearchshouldbebasedonfact

B.thetraditionaluniversityidealisacceptable

C.oneshouldalwaysobserveanimalscarefully

D.onemustlistencarefullytowhatotherssay

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentisverysimple

B.Manyscholarspursueknowledgeforspiritualandintellectualhealth

C.Therealizationoftheuniversityidealdependsonseveralimportantfactors

D.Theuniversity'slongtraditionalispreferredbymanyscholars

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theoriesmustbecombinedwithpractice.

B.Scienceisnotrelatedtoimaginations

C.Theteachingenvironmentisthemostimportantinachievingtheuniversityideal

D.Themedievaluniversityhadlittlemerits.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.clever

B.brave

C.new

D.interesting

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.thetraditionalteachingmethods

B.objectiveinquiry

C.thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife

D.revoltagainstauthority

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者通過(guò)寓言引出傳統(tǒng)教育理念，并對(duì)此做出兩個(gè)結(jié)論：第一，我們目前對(duì)大學(xué)的困惑源于這位中世紀(jì)學(xué)生的行為，即客觀探究、反抗權(quán)威等；第二，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)理念要三思后再考慮踐行。最后，作者提出三個(gè)疑問(wèn)，一是我們應(yīng)該延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)的什么內(nèi)容？大學(xué)有什么義務(wù)？這兩種忠誠(chéng)（一種是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)理想的忠誠(chéng)，另一種是對(duì)社會(huì)的忠誠(chéng)）的前景是什么？這些內(nèi)容都是和教育有關(guān)，因此答案為D選項(xiàng)“作者對(duì)教育的看法”。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.”，中文翻譯為我想從這個(gè)寓言中得出兩個(gè)結(jié)論。以及后文“Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.”，中文翻譯為：第一，我們現(xiàn)在對(duì)大學(xué)的困惑源于這個(gè)中世紀(jì)學(xué)生的行為。他象征著客觀探究的開(kāi)始、對(duì)權(quán)威的反抗、經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的態(tài)度、學(xué)術(shù)研究與生活事實(shí)的聯(lián)系。他的行為把研究引入了大學(xué)。和“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal…”，中文翻譯為：第二個(gè)結(jié)論是，在我們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的大學(xué)理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前，我們必須三思而后行?？梢缘弥狟選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)教育理想是可以接受的”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.”，中文翻譯為：第二個(gè)結(jié)論是，在我們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的大學(xué)理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前，我們必須三思而后行。因此，C選項(xiàng)“大學(xué)理想的實(shí)現(xiàn)取決于很多重要因素”最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由A項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段，第二段談及“寓言中學(xué)生的行為象征著客觀探究的開(kāi)始，對(duì)權(quán)威的反抗，經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的態(tài)度，學(xué)術(shù)研究與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的聯(lián)系?！眲t排除A選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)在文章內(nèi)沒(méi)有提及；由C選項(xiàng)“教學(xué)環(huán)境是實(shí)現(xiàn)大學(xué)理想的重中之重”可以定位到文章第二段中“Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom…Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.”，中文翻譯為：中世紀(jì)的大學(xué)敵視我們現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的學(xué)術(shù)自由……傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不太感興趣：它專注于固定文化的傳播。在某些時(shí)期，它甚至對(duì)知識(shí)本身不感興趣。許多學(xué)者追求知識(shí)。判斷C選項(xiàng)正確；由D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.”，中文翻譯為：傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)中不是所有東西都值得保留。以及文章提及在對(duì)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)理想產(chǎn)生懷舊情緒之前需要三思，判斷出D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故C為正確答案。

5.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“novel”可以定位到第二段中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.”，中文翻譯為：并不是所有的傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)都值得保留。中世紀(jì)的大學(xué)敵視我們現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的學(xué)術(shù)自由。置身于學(xué)術(shù)文集之外，甚至以新穎的方式解讀書(shū)籍，都是在招惹異端。傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不太感興趣：它專注于固定文化的傳播?？梢缘弥狢項(xiàng)“新的”最為符合。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.”，中文翻譯為：他象征著客觀探究的開(kāi)始，對(duì)權(quán)威的反抗，經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的態(tài)度，學(xué)術(shù)研究與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的聯(lián)系。因此只有A選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，符合題意。

2.翻譯題

1.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,they

(

)

（寧愿停下來(lái)欣賞美麗的景色）thanjustgoon.

2.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,as

(

)

（任何一方都不肯放棄自己的立場(chǎng)）.

3.Thepills(

)

（本來(lái)可以治愈那位癌癥病人的）,buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.

4.Itis(

)

（你真好，給了我那么多幫助）;Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.

5.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyears

(

)（他們才得以重聚）.

【答案】1.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,theywouldratherstopforthebeautifulview（寧愿停下來(lái)欣賞美麗的景色）thanjustgoon.

2.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,aseithersiderefusestosoftentheirpositions（任何一方都不肯放棄自己的立場(chǎng)）.

3.Thepillscouldhavecuredthecancerpatient

（本來(lái)可以治愈那位癌癥病人的）,buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.

4.Itisreallykindofyoutogivemesomuchhelp（你真好，給了我那么多幫助）;Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.

5.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyearsbeforetheywereabletoreunite（他們才得以重聚）.

3.單選題

Atthesightofthisphotographhechangedhis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.countenance

B.counteragent

C.concessions

D.counteract

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)countenance“面容，表情”；B選項(xiàng)counteragent“反作用劑；中和力”；C選項(xiàng)concessions“讓步，讓與”；D選項(xiàng)counteract“抵消”，句意為：一看到這張照片，他面色就變了。故正確答案選A。

4.單選題

Accordingtoaseniorofficialtherehasbeennoaboutthemeasures.Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrary

B.contradicting

C.controversy

D.contradictor

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)contraryn.相反，反面；B選項(xiàng)contradictionn.矛盾，反駁；C選項(xiàng)controversyn.爭(zhēng)論，論戰(zhàn)；D選項(xiàng)contradictoryn.對(duì)立物，矛盾因素。根據(jù)后文“Thereiscompleteconsensusamong.”可知，所有參議員的意見(jiàn)都是一致的，沒(méi)有爭(zhēng)論。因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5.翻譯題

好不容易和兩個(gè)朋友一同找了“沙枯拉阿帕托”（公寓之英語(yǔ)譯英）。這是一座精巧玲瓏的小房子，外面漆的粉紅色，完全和櫻花的顏色一般。我最初望到它時(shí)，腦筋里立刻受到了一個(gè)大大的刺激，呵，住粉紅色的房子里，該是多么有詩(shī)意的生活！

我一面這樣想著，一面念著這房子的名字：“沙枯拉阿帕托”，太美了！這名字太美了，如果有房子，我非住這里不可！

——摘自《櫻之家》

【答案】Finally,Ifound“sakuraApatow”withtwofriends.Itwasadelicatelittlehouse,paintedpink,justlikethecherryblossoms.WhenIfirstlookedatit,mybrainwasimmediatelygreatlystimulated,oh,livinginapinkhouse,howpoeticlife!

AsIthought,Icalledoutthenameofthehouse:“sakuraApatow.”Itwasbeautiful.Whatabeautifulname!IfIhadahouse,I’dlivehere!

6.單選題

Ittookusonlyafewhoursto______thepaperoffallfourwalls.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shear

B.stroke

C.scrape

D.chip

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)shear“剪”，shearoff表示“剪斷，切掉”；B項(xiàng)stroke“劃，輕撫”；C項(xiàng)scrape“刮掉，擦傷”，scrapeoff表示“刮掉，擦去”；D項(xiàng)chip“鏟，鑿”，chipoff表示“切下，削去”。根據(jù)后面部分句子thepaperoffallfourwalls“四面墻上的紙”可知，C選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我們只用了幾個(gè)小時(shí)就把四面墻上的紙刮掉了。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Themanagerpromisedtokeepme（）ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeinformed

B.oninforming

C.informed

D.informing

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeprmedofsth.意為“讓某人了解某事”。句意：經(jīng)理答應(yīng)會(huì)讓我知道我們的生意進(jìn)展如何。選項(xiàng)C正確。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

有時(shí)候?qū)σ粋€(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)需要終生的時(shí)間才能懂得活著就是為了奉獻(xiàn)。

文化是一切。文化是我們著裝的方式,是我們走路的方式,是我們系領(lǐng)帶的方式。

時(shí)間是個(gè)多才多藝的表演者。它能展翅飛翔,能闊步前進(jìn),也能治愈創(chuàng)傷。

音樂(lè)是你自身的體驗(yàn),你的思想,你的智慧。

國(guó)家的發(fā)展取決于年輕一代的素質(zhì),這是么人皆知的事實(shí)。

【答案】Sometimes,itwilltakealifetimetounderstandthatlivingisfordevotion.

Cultureiseverything.Itisthewaywedress,walkandtieourties.

Timeisaversatileperformer.Itcanspreaditswingstofly,strideforwardlyandcureanywounds.

Musicisyourpersonalexperience,yourthoughtandyourwisdom.

Itiswidelyknownthatthedevelopmentofacountrydependsonthequalityofyoungergeneration.

9.單選題

Manyyearshad______beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurbanareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.floated

B.elapsed

C.skipped

D.proceeded

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.floated浮動(dòng)，漂流B.elapsed（時(shí)間）消逝，流逝

C.skipped蹦蹦跳跳地走D.proceeded繼續(xù)做（或從事、進(jìn)行）

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)manyyears（許多年）可知，此處表示“時(shí)間的消逝”，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】許多年過(guò)去了，他們才回到原來(lái)的城市地區(qū)。

10.單選題

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irresistible

B.irretrievable

C.irremissible

D.irreplaceable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘比賽只剩下五分鐘了但我們落后四分，所以這場(chǎng)比賽看上去已完全無(wú)法挽救了?！芍?yàn)楸确謶沂?，所以這場(chǎng)比賽的勝利己經(jīng)無(wú)法改變了。A選項(xiàng)irresistible“不可抵抗的”;irretrievable“不能彌補(bǔ)的”；C選項(xiàng)irremissible“無(wú)法逃避的”；D選項(xiàng)irreplaceable“不可替代的”。B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thepersonwho（

）thistypeofresearchdeservesourpraise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.manufactured

C.generated

D.estimated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。originate“引起，創(chuàng)作”；manufacture“制造，加工”；generate“生成，使發(fā)生”；estimate“估計(jì)，判斷”。句意：發(fā)起這項(xiàng)研究的人值得贊揚(yáng)。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Herexcellentperformance______theaudience’swarmacclamations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultedfrom

B.burstinto

C.evoked

D.prosecuted

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)resultfrom“由……造成，起因于”，B項(xiàng)burstinto“突然闖進(jìn)來(lái)”，C項(xiàng)evoke“引起，喚起，博得”，D項(xiàng)prosecute“檢舉，貫徹”。根據(jù)句子意思“她的精彩表演……觀眾的熱烈喝彩”可推斷，空格處應(yīng)該表示“贏得，博得”，所以只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意：她出色的表演引起了觀眾的熱烈喝彩。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thegirlhadan（）mannerwhichmadeherverypopularatschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insoutiant

B.insouciant

C.insousant

D.insuciant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。B選項(xiàng)insouciant“漫不經(jīng)心的，漠不關(guān)心的；無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的”；A，C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語(yǔ)中不存在。句意：這個(gè)女孩有著無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的舉止，這讓她在學(xué)校很受歡迎。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Duringthelecture,thespeakeroccasionally______hispointbyrelatinghisownexperiences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.illustrated

B.hinted

C.tied

D.displayed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.illustrated說(shuō)明，闡明B.hinted暗示；透露

C.tied（用線、繩等）系，拴D.displayed陳列；展出

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thespeaker（演講者）和hispoint（他的觀點(diǎn)）可推知，空格處表示“闡明觀點(diǎn)”，illustrate指用例子、故事或圖表闡明，符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在講座中，演講者偶爾會(huì)通過(guò)講述自己的經(jīng)歷來(lái)闡述他的觀點(diǎn)。

15.翻譯題

Thereisnoendtotheoriesaboutbodyshapeandpersonality,andthereisnodoubtthatcertainpeoplewithcertainbodiesoftenhaveverypredictablecharacters.However,therearesomeresearcherswhobelievethatthemanyinstancesinwhichbodyandpersonalitygotogetherareduetostereotyping;thatis,weexpectacertaintypeofpersontohavecertaintraits,soweseethosetraitswhethertheyarethereornot.Forexample,muscularpeoplearebelievedtobedominantandforceful,sowetreatthemasleaders.ButsometimestheyareactuallyshyandtimiD.Fatpeoplearesupposedtobehappyandwarmhearted,butinrealitytheycanjustaseasilybedepressedormean.Sometimespeoplewillevenactthewaytheythinkothersexpectthemtoact.Bydoingthat,peoplewillfilltheroleinwhichwepicturethem.

【答案】關(guān)于體型和個(gè)性的理論層出不窮，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，擁有特定身材的某些人往往具有非常可推測(cè)的性格。然而，也有一些研究人員認(rèn)為，身體和人格結(jié)合在一起的許多情況是由于刻板印象；也就是說(shuō)，我們期望特定類型的人有特定的特質(zhì)，所以不管他們是否存在，我們都能看到這些特質(zhì)。例如，肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的人被認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)勢(shì)的，所以我們把他們當(dāng)作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。但有時(shí)候他們實(shí)際上害羞且膽小。人們認(rèn)為肥胖的人快樂(lè)、熱情，但實(shí)際上，他們很容易沮喪又刻薄。有時(shí)候，人們甚至?xí)凑账麄冋J(rèn)為別人希望他們做的事情去做。通過(guò)這樣做，人們將會(huì)扮演我們想象中的角色。

16.問(wèn)答題

Butthemostimportantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernworldis(A)progresscomesfromplanning.(B)Ignorance(C)aboutone’scareerisnot(D)blissandreasonisbetterthanchanceandfate.

【答案】A；“progress”前添加“that”。

【解析】考查從句。句意：但是在這個(gè)經(jīng)常不快樂(lè)的現(xiàn)代世界中，最重要的教訓(xùn)就是：進(jìn)步來(lái)自計(jì)劃。對(duì)自己的職業(yè)一無(wú)所知并不是一種福氣，并且理性勝于機(jī)遇和命運(yùn)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，第一句中句子的主語(yǔ)為“themostimportantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernworld”，系動(dòng)詞為“is”，其后的從句“progresscomesfromplanning”為表語(yǔ)從句，需用引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。所以在從句前添加引導(dǎo)詞“that”。

17.單選題

Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（

）,butfinallyapatternemerged.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haphazard

B.grave

C.genuine

D.gullible

【答案】B

【解析】haphazard偶然的，隨意的；grave嚴(yán)肅的，暗淡的；genuine真正的，誠(chéng)懇的；gullible易受騙的，輕信的。句意：起初，實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果似乎沒(méi)有起色，但最終出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)模式。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

18.單選題

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“l(fā)ist”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.作者意圖題。由文章開(kāi)頭“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科學(xué)、技術(shù)和工業(yè)之間的相互關(guān)系在今天被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的——不能完全準(zhǔn)確地概括為“研究和開(kāi)發(fā)”……即使在當(dāng)今這個(gè)大規(guī)模、密集的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)的時(shí)代，這個(gè)過(guò)程中所涉及的相互關(guān)系也常常被誤解?！币约氨疚淖詈笠痪洹癐nsum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科技-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動(dòng)，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個(gè)人情況。它有時(shí)甚至是多向的?！笨芍髡唛_(kāi)頭即點(diǎn)明人們對(duì)科學(xué)，技術(shù)，工業(yè)的相互關(guān)系的誤解，最后一句也點(diǎn)明這三者之間正變得越來(lái)越疏遠(yuǎn)。作者的意圖在于澄清人們對(duì)這三者之間的誤解。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.詞義題。由題干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世紀(jì)后期，只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)行業(yè)能夠使用科學(xué)技術(shù)或關(guān)心使用它們。1870年后，這一名單顯著擴(kuò)大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科學(xué)技術(shù)的行業(yè)”。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)試題題。由題干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.盡管如此，到19世紀(jì)中葉，科學(xué)知識(shí)和公眾意識(shí)（如果不是理解的話）的迅速擴(kuò)展使人們相信，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將以某種未指明的方式自動(dòng)地產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。由此可知人們相信科學(xué)進(jìn)步能夠帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要從事基礎(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也擔(dān)任顧問(wèn)，從事以實(shí)際方式應(yīng)用研究的項(xiàng)目?！睆氖禄A(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也兼顧應(yīng)用研究，可知作者想表明科學(xué)家對(duì)應(yīng)用研究的貢獻(xiàn)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科學(xué)-技術(shù)-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動(dòng)，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個(gè)人情況。它有時(shí)甚至是多向的。”可知D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和技術(shù)正變得越來(lái)越分離開(kāi)”與該內(nèi)容相符。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)與此內(nèi)容不符。B項(xiàng)“基本科學(xué)研究不能產(chǎn)生實(shí)際應(yīng)用”文中沒(méi)提到；C項(xiàng)“工業(yè)應(yīng)該在研究和發(fā)展上少花點(diǎn)錢”文中也沒(méi)提到。

19.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（）populatedareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。densely濃密地、稠密地；intensely激烈地、熱情地；abundantly豐富地；highly高地，非常。句意：住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

20.單選題

Weneedachairman（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們需要一個(gè)每個(gè)人都對(duì)他有信心的主席。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句?？崭袂懊娌糠纸Y(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整，而且結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，空格部分是定語(yǔ)從句。由“haveconfidenceinsomebody”表示“對(duì)某人有信心”可知，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，即whom指代chairman，并且將介詞in提前。故選B。

21.單選題

Headmittedthathewas___cocaineandcouldn’tgethimselfoutofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.condemned

B.committed

C.addicted

D.abandoned

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.condemned判了死刑的B.committed盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)信的；堅(jiān)定的

C.addicted入了迷的；上了癮的

D.abandoned被離棄的；被遺棄的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句中couldn’tgethimselfoutofit，這里的it指的是and前面的cocaine“可卡因”，句意為不能擺脫可卡因。因?yàn)槭怯蒩nd連接兩個(gè)句子，兩個(gè)句子表并列關(guān)系，綜合理解and前面的句子表示他對(duì)可卡因上癮。選C.addicted，形成固定搭配beaddictedto，對(duì)……上癮。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系

【句意】他承認(rèn)他對(duì)可卡因上癮，而且戒不掉。

22.單選題

Therearestillsome（）forstudentsofscienceandengineering,butthoseinartsandhumanitieshavebeenfilled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.positions

B.vacancies

C.categories

D.applications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)positions“位置”；B選項(xiàng)vacancies“空缺額”；C選項(xiàng)categories“類別”；D選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用”。句意：理工科的學(xué)生仍然有空缺，但藝術(shù)和人文學(xué)科的學(xué)生已經(jīng)招滿了。本句表示學(xué)生名額有空缺。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt（）butlonely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothing

B.anything

C.all

D.everything

【答案】B

【解析】不定代詞的用法。nothingbut只有，只不過(guò)；anythingbut根本不，絕不；allbut幾乎，差一點(diǎn)兒；沒(méi)有everythingbut的用法，排除。句意：他獨(dú)自一個(gè)人在一所廢棄的房子里，忙于研究工作，一點(diǎn)兒也不感到孤獨(dú)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

24.翻譯題

從全職工作過(guò)渡到完全休閑可能是我們一生中最大的轉(zhuǎn)變之一。很多成功的退休者都提到他們從退休以后的各種活動(dòng)中感覺(jué)到更大程度的自我價(jià)值感。他們不用再忍受嚴(yán)酷或有害健康的工作環(huán)境。他們不再需要把精力放在職位的升遷或財(cái)富的獲取上。擁有毅力和幽默感，退休生活就可能成為你一生中最幸福的階段之一。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish

【答案】Itisoneofthebiggesttransitiontotransferfromthefull-timejobtototalleisureinourlives.Manysuccessfulretireessaythattheycanmakegreatsenseofself-worththroughvariousactivitiesforretirement.Theydon'tbearhardorharmfulworkingenvironmentsanymore.Andtheydon'tneedtodevotetheirenergytopromotionandwealthacquirement.Withperseveranceandhumor,retiredlifewillbecomeoneofthehappiestperiodsinyourlives.

25.單選題

Heattendstothe（）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他親自處理重要的生意。

考查名詞辨析。transaction交易，業(yè)務(wù)，事務(wù)；transition過(guò)渡，轉(zhuǎn)變；transmission播送，傳送；transformation變化。根據(jù)后文“business生意”可知，A項(xiàng)“交易”正確。

26.單選題

Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildthanshewastotheothers,（）ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.which

C.what

D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)：從句與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，獨(dú)立存在，去掉了也不會(huì)影響整個(gè)句子的意思，所以這里用的是非限定定語(yǔ)從句。句意：海倫對(duì)她最小的孩子比別的孩子好，當(dāng)然這使得其他孩子很嫉妒。此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代海倫對(duì)她最小的孩子比別的孩子好這個(gè)事情，所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)是B選項(xiàng)。

27.單選題

3.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfast.

B.Itisslow.

C.Itworkswell.

D.Itisnotworking.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Canthatclockberight,10:30?

M:Thatclockisalwaysoff.It’s11:05.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheclock?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從對(duì)話兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)可知，這個(gè)鐘慢了。

28.單選題

（）theexceptionofinstitutionscontrolledbychurch,municipalorprivatecorporations.LatinAmericanuniversitiesareregulatedbyfedera