太原理工大學(xué)研究生基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)試卷與答案07-2

07-1PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)21.Ifinnovatorsarenotfinanciallyrewardedfortheirinnovations,theincentiveforpath-breakinginnovationwilleventuallydryup.A.investmentB.resourceC.inspirationD.stimulus22.Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.A.bewilderingB.exasperatingC.dismayingD.upsetting23.Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.A.allatonceB.byandbyC.tosomeextentD.onthewhole24.Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.A.optimisticB.anxiousC.uncertainD.scared25.Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents'wishes.A.enhancedB.revisedC.alternatedD.modified26.TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.A.arisenfromB.contributedtoC.patchedupD.participatedin27.Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.A.resignedB.compromisedC.persistedD.dominated28.HamiltonhopedforanationofcitieswhileJeffersoncontendedthatthecountryshouldremainchieflyagricultural.A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed29.Therehavebeensomespeculationsattimesastowhowilltakeoverthecompany.A.onoccasionB.atpresentC.bynowD.forsure30.TWAwascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims'families.A.brieflyB.quicklyC.accuratelyD.earnestlySectionB(0.5pointeach)31.NewYorkprobablyhasthelargestnumberofdifferentlanguage_________intheworld.A.neighborhoodsB.communitiesC.clustersD.assemblies32.Nuclearwastesareconsideredto_____athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.A.composeB.imposeC.exposeD.pose33.SomestatesintheUShaveset_____standardsconcerningmathandsciencetests.A.energeticB.vigorousC.rigorousD.grave34.Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized___________.A.presentationB.instructionC.convictionD.obligation35.Becauseof______waysoflife,thecouplehassomedifficultygettingalongwitheachother.A.incomprehensibleB.incomparableC.inconceivableD.incompatible36.As__________Chinaandotheremergingexportpowers,effortstostrengthenanti-corruptionactivitiesaregainingmomentum.A.inthelightofB.intheeventofC.inthecaseofD.inthecourseof37.AccordingtoanAustralianresearch,moderatedrinkers________betterthinkersthanheavydrinkersorthosewhoneverdrink.A.endupB.takeupC.putupD.turnup38.Strangelyenough,anoldman______meandintroducedhimself,whoturnedouttobeafriendofmyfather’s.A.stooduptoB.walkeduptoC.liveduptoD.addedupto39.Manychildrenoften_____whyairplanescanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.A.assumeB.anticipateC.assureD.wonder40.TheFDAwascreatedto_______thesafetyofproducts,reviewapplicationsandgrantapprovals.A.manipulateB.adjustC.regulateD.managePARTIIICLOZETEST(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy."Height41careersuccess,"saysTimothyJudge,aUniversityofFloridaprofessorofmanagement,wholedthestudy."Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew42,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob43,"Judgepointsout.Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheUSandBritainthatfollowedthousandsofpeoplefromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives."Ifyoutakethis44thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we'retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings45thatatallpersonenjoys,"Judgesaid.Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance--asupervisor's46ofhoweffectivesomeoneis--and47measuresofperformance--suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher48andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary49.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas50powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking"fightorrun"decisions.41.A.makesoutB.worksinC.takesonD.mattersfor42.A.casesB.exceptionsC.examplesD.problems43.A.performanceB.operationC.conditionD.environment44.A.onB.withC.overD.to45.A.deficiencyB.advantageC.lossD.necessity46.A.imaginationB.decisionC.judgeD.evaluation47.A.relativeB.absoluteC.objectiveD.initiative48.A.stateB.statusC.situationD.statue49.A.originsB.sourcesC.coursesD.organizations50.A.atimeinB.aholdonC.aworkatD.asignofPARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,1pointeach)PassageOneAttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircellphonecamerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem."Ifthey'dspendasmuchtimestudying,they'dallbeAstudents,"saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCollegeofSciencesofUNLV.Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,Americanstudentsfinditeasiertocheat.Andcollegeofficialsfindthemselvesinanewgameofcatandmouse.Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcellphonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper."Itisannoying.Myhand-writingissobad,"saidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhisthirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehisexamsonpaper.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarism(剽竊)inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople'swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthesedayswasmoreaproductofthemindset,notthetoolsathand."Somepeopleputtoomuchemphasisonwherethey'regoingtogointhefuture,andallthey'rethinkingaboutisgraduateschoolandthenextstep,"saidLindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressuretosucceed"sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopledothingsthattheyshouldn'tdo."Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexamsforwhichitwashardtocheat,posingquestionsthatoutsideresourceswouldnothelpanswer.Manyofficialssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonorcodes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.51.OnestudentatUCLAwasfoundcheating________________.A.whenhewasloadinghisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceB.whenhewastryingtotelltheanswerstohisclassmatesC.aftertheuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystemD.afterhisclassmatereportedhischeatingtotheauthority52.AccordingtoRonYasbin,allthecheatingstudents_____________.A.shouldbeseverelypunishedfortheirdishonestyB.didn'thavemuchtimetostudybeforetheexamC.couldgetthehighestgradesiftheyhadstudiedhardenoughD.couldbeexcusedbecausetheywerenotfamiliarwiththenewsystem53.Towinthenewgameofcatandmouseinexaminations,thecollegeofficialshaveto______________.A.usemanyhigh-techdevicesB.cutoffInternetaccessoncampusC.turntotheoralexanimationformsD.cutofftheuseofhigh-techdevices54.AccordingtoRyanDapremont,______________.A.examinationstakenwithpensandpaperwereuselessinfightingcheatingB.hisexaminationpaperwasunder-gradedbecauseofhisbadhand-writingC.cheatingwasmoreseriousinwritingpapersthaninexaminationsD.itwasmoredifficultforhimtoliftotherpeople'swritingsofftheInternet55.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemostSignificantmeasuretofightcheating?A.Puttinglessemphasisonwherethestudentsaregoingtogointhefuture.B.Lettingstudentsknowthathonestyismoreimportant.C.Writingexaminationsforwhichitishardtocheat.D.Settingupmorestrictcampushonorcodes.56.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe_____________.A.CheatingHasGoneHigh-techB.GameofCatandMouseC.ANewExamination-supervisionSystemD.MeasurestoFightAgainstDishonestyPassageTwoTopmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandlight,starswimmersarelongthighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightliftersaresolidblocksofmusclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape--andthewayyourbodyworks--fityouforaparticularsport?Ordoesyourbodydevelopacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport?"It'sabout55:45,genestotheenvironment,"saysMikeRennie,professorofclinicalphysiologyatBritain'sUniversityofNottinghamMedicalSchool.RenniecitesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,"Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins."Someonewho's1.5-meterstallhaslittlechanceofbecominganelitebasketballplayer.Still,beingovertwometerstallwon'tautomaticallypushyoutoOlympicgold."Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain,"saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscienceatBritain'sBrunelUniversity.JonathanRobinson,anappliedsportsscientistattheUniversityofBath'ssportsdevelopmentdepartment,insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique."Inswimmingonly5-10percentofthepropellingforcecomesfromthelegs,sotechniqueisvital."Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportisagoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustralianInstituteofSportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whichsearchedschoolsfor14-16-year-oldswiththepotentialtobeeliteathletes.OneoftheirfirstfindswasMeganStill,worldchampionrower.In1987,Stillhadneverpickedupanoarinherlife.Butshehadalmosttheperfectphysiqueforarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen'srowinginthe1996AtlantaOlympics.OthercountrieshavefollowedtheAustralianexample.Nowtheexplosionofgeneticknowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor"performancegenes."57.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat__________.A.physicalstrengthismoreimportantforsportspersons'successB.trainingconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons'successC.genesaremoreimportantforsportspersons'successD.psychologicalconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons'success58.ThecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermanyshowsthat_________.A.environmentcanhelpdeterminepeople'sbodyshapeB.genesarethedecisivefactorsforpeople'sbodyshapeC.identicaltwinsarelikelytoenjoydifferentsportsD.identicaltwinsmayhavedifferentgenesfordifferentsports59.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbyCraigSharpasarequiredqualityforasportspersontowinanOlympicgoldmedal?A.Thephysicalstrength.B.Therighttrainingconditions.C.Thetalentforthesports.D.Theenduranceforpains.60.SeventeenyearsagoMeganStillwaschosenforrowingbecause____________.A.shehadthetalentforrowingB.herbodyshapewasrightforarowerC.shehadtheperformancegenesD.shewasaskillfulrower61.Theword"elite"inParagraph5means________.A.themostwealthyB.themostskilledC.themostindustriousD.themostintelligent62.Theeliteathletesofthefuturemaycomefrompeoplewhonaturallypossess___________.A.thebestbodyshapesandanironpurposeB.theextremesoftherightphysiqueandstrongwillsC.therightpsychologicalconditionsandsportstalentsD.therightphysiqueandgenesforsportsPassageThreeForyears,anetworkofcitizens'groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?Exxon'sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld'smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:itmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat'sitsstrategy?ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany'sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled"junkscience".Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled"soundscience".Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy-suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對(duì)流層的)cooling-andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.63.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange'?A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.64.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto"bogus'(inParagraph4)?A.Reasonable.B.Fake.C.Limitless.D.Inconsistent.65.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow_______________.A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistsB.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposeC.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriesD.howoneman'smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofscience66.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon___________.A.haveliveduptotheirpromisesB.havealmostcausedworldwidechaosC.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalD.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsor67.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon____________.A.Exxon'sinvolvementinscientificscandalsB.Exxon'scontributionstotheissueofclimatechangeC.Exxon'sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingD.Exxon'seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries68.Whatistheauthor'stoneinpresentingthepassage?A.Factual.B.Praiseful.C.Biased.D.Encouraging.PassageFourWhereanyonereachingtheageof60wasconsideredtobeneardeath'sdoorattheturnofthe20thcentury,itisbarelyoldenoughforretirementattheturnofthe21stcentury.Andscientistsarestillnotholdingback.Theysaythatasnewanti-ageingtreatmentsbecomeavailable,ourspecieswillgetevenolder.Whilefewwouldarguethatlivinglongerisanattractiveidea,therapidincreaseinthenumberofyearsbegsaquestion:Canourhealthexpectancybeascloseaspossibletoourlifeexpectancy?Predictionsforfuturehealthexpectancyhavechangedoverthepastfewdecades.Inthe1980s,lifeexpectancywasincreasingbutthebestdatasuggestedthatforeveryincreasedyearoflifeexpectancy,agreaterfractionwasdisabledlifeexpectancy.Whatwewouldseewasapilingupofchronicillnessandrelateddisabilitywhichmedicalsciencecouldn'tprevent.Butthatworldviewchangedsuddenlyintheearly1990swiththepublicationofastudybyresearchersatDukeUniversity,whohadbeenfollowingthehealthof20,000peopleforalmostadecade.Theyshowedthatdisabilityamongtheelderlywasnotonlydropping,butitwasdoingsoatanever-increasingrate.ArianRichardson,directoroftheBarshopInstituteforAgeingandLongevityresearch,predictsthatunderstandingthemechanismsbehindcalorierestrictionandothergeneticreasonsbehindageingcouldbeusedwithinthenexttwodecadestogivepeopleseveralextrahealthyyearsoflife.Restricthowmuchananimaleats,forexample,anditwilllivelonger.Inlabexperiments,ratsoncalorie-restricteddietswerefoundtobephysiologicallyyounger,gotdiseaseslaterinlifeand,atanyrate,hadlessseverecases."Fromthemodelsthathavebeenlookedat,theincreaseinlifespanisusuallyintherangeof15-30%maximum,"saysRichardson.Cuttingcaloriesisthoughttotriggeraswitchinananimal'sbehaviourfromnormaltoastateofstasisinwhichgrowthandageingaretemporarilyputonhold.Whenfoodbecomesavailableagain,theanimal'sbehaviourswitchesback.Richardsonsaysthatthinkingaboutstoppingageingisa"littlebitsilly"atthemomentbutdoesn'tdismissitaltogether,arguingthatnoneoftheillnessesrelatedtoageingshouldbeinevitable.Startwithahigh-qualitybody(andthatmeanseatingyourgreens,notsmokinganddoinglotsofexerciseinyouryoungerdays)andyoucankeepitgoingforlongerwithhighqualitymaintenance."It'llbelikethedifferencebetweenaRolls-Royceandacheapcar."69.Itcanbeseenfromthefirstparagraphthatpeoplehavedoubtsonwhether_____________.A.ispossibletolivealongerhealthyandlifeB.humanscanliveaslongasscientistspredictC.livinglongerisstillconsideredagoodideaD.newanti-ageingtreatmentsaresafeforhumans70.Inthe1980s,thedataonpeople'shealthexpectancy_______________.A.gaveanoptimisticpredictionB.showedanunclearfutureC.ledtoapessimisticperceptionD.turnedouttobeamixedblessing71.Inthelabexperimentonrats,_____________.A.foodrestrictionisnottheonlyfactorprovedtohaveworkedB.responsestofoodrestrictionvaryfromanimaltoanimalC.theanimals'lifespanincreaseswiththeamountoffoodeatenD.differentamountsoffoodcauseachangeintheanimals'behavior72.Richardsonbelievesthat_________.A.itisimpossibleforhumanstostopageingB.itisworthlesstotalkaboutstoppingageingC.stoppingageingisadreamthatmaycometrueD.illnessisthebiggestobstacletostoppingageing73.Rolls-Royceisusedtoconveytheideathat_______________.A.qualitylifeisoutofreachformostpeopleB.qualitylifecanslowdowntheprocessofagingC.howlongonecanlivedependsonthegenesonecarriesD.themoremoneyoneinvestsinhealth,thehealthieronewillbe.74.Themostsuitabletitleforthepassageis“___________”.A.ProblemsofAnAgeingSocietyB.HealthCarefortheElderlyC.EatingHealthier,LivingLongerD.TheFutureofOldAgePassageFiveIndealingwithastudentwhoisactingaggressivelytowardhisclassmates,youwanttosendastrongmessagethataggressivebehaviorwillnotbetoleratedinyourclassroom.Inaddition,youwanttohelphimdevelopmoreappropriatewaysofsettlingdisputeswithhispeers.Iftwoelementaryschoolstudentsareengagedinafight,useastrongloudvoicetostopit.Ifthatdoesn'twork,youmightsaysomethingodd("Lookup!Theceilingisfalling!")todiverttheirattention.Iftheystilldon'tstopandyoucan'tseparatethem,sendastudenttotheofficetogethelp.Ifacrowdofchildrenisgathering,insistthattheymoveawayorsitdown,perhapsclappingyourhandstogettheirattention:Aftertheincidentisover,meetwiththecombatantstogethersotheycangiveyoutheirversionsofwhathappenedandyoucanhelpthemresolveanylingeringproblems.Alsonotifytheparents.Speakinafirm,no-nonsensemannertostopastudent'saggressivebehavior:usephysicalrestraintasalastresort.Whenrespondingtothestudent,payattentiontoyourverbalaswellasnon-verballanguage.Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.Allowhimtoexpresswhatheisupsetaboutwithoutinterruptinghimandthenacknowledgehisfeelings.Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats:anyofthoseactionscouldintensifyhisangerandstiffenhisresistance.Youmightconcludethatastudent'saggressivebehaviorwarrantsseparatinghimfromtherestoftheclass,eithertosendhimastrongmessagethatwhathedidmeritsaseriousconsequenceortoprotecttheotherstudents.Youcandothatbygivinghimatimeoutinclassorbysendinghimtotheoffice.Althoughhemightexpectyoutoreactpunitively,surprisehimbyreactingsupportively.Expressyourconfidencethathecanresolveproblemswithoutbeinghurtfultohispeers.Tellhimthatyouthinkhemustbeupsetaboutsomethingtolosecontrolashedidandyouwanttounderstandwhatmightbebotheringhim.Ifhedoesopenuptoyou,listenattentivelywithoutinterrupting.Speakingmacalmvoice,tellhimthatyouunderstandwhyhewasupset,butstressthathehastofindawaytoexpresshisangerwithwordsratherthanwithhishands.Youdon'twanttoforceanaggressivestudenttosayheissorrybecausethatmightfuelhisanger,however,youdowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.Ifheiswillingtodothat,itwillhelpsoothehurtfeelingsandavoidfutureconflicts.75.Whatisthepurposeofsayingsomethingoddwhenseeingstudentsinafight?A.Topleasethestudents.B.Tosurprisethestudents.C.Togetthestudents'attention.D.Todistractthestudents'attention.76.Whatistobedoneaboutastudent'saggressivebehavior?A.Respondcalmlybutfinny.B.Tellthestudent'sparentsimmediately.C.Askotherstudentsforhelptostoptheaction.D.Havethestudentgotoseetheprincipal.77.WhatisNOTencouragedtodotowardanaggressivestudent?A.Usephysicalrestraint.B.Givethestudentatimeout.C.Pointatthestudentormakethreats.D.Talkwiththestudentprivately.78.Whatdoestheword"'punitively"(inParagraph5)probablymean?A.Surprisingly.B.Depressingly.C.Involvingpersuasion.D.Involvingpunishment.79.Whatmightbethelaststeptohelpallaggressivestudent?A.Encouragethestudenttobenicetothestudenthehit.B.Askthestudenttopromisehe'llneverdoitagain.C.Forcethestudenttoapologizeforhisbehavior.D.Persuadethestudenttoopenuptoyou.80.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ProblemsinClassrooms.B.DealingwithStuden