2021年高考英語真題和模擬題分類匯編專題15閱讀理解社會生活議論類【含答案】

專題15閱讀理解社會生活、議論類I、2021年高考真題試卷（新高考I卷·D篇）Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重視）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.2.Whydoestheauthormention"doctor"and"cheater"inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.DBAB本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢，同時作者提出了對情商研究是未來期望。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：Manypeoplenowmisunderstand…

asalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeup…

分析可知，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為情商就是構(gòu)成人性格中幾乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子suchascharacter,motivation,confidence…

則是作者在列舉一些情商中具體的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。選項D：它指的是一個人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)，是該句的同義替換。故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息的paragraph2，定位到第二段Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceas…；分析可知，我們更喜歡把情商稱作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于壞的目的。而后作者便分別列舉了doctor和cheater用于解釋說明

"好目的"

和

"壞目的"

。由此我們可以推測，作者提及doctor和cheater是為了闡明前句所提到的關(guān)于情商的概念。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息popularizationofemotionalintelligence定位到第三段：Althoughpopularbeliefsregarding…

theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.分析可知，雖然大眾對于情商的普遍認(rèn)知遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了目前研究可以支持的觀點，但是宣傳的總體效果（對于情商的發(fā)展研究）是利大于弊的。而后作者便進(jìn)一步列舉了好處體現(xiàn)在哪些方面（themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization…）?？芍?，作者對此態(tài)度是正向的、支持的。故選A。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干信息lastparagraph定位到最后一段Itisourhopethat…

advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence…

mayservetopointusintherightdirection.分析可知，我們希望在未來的幾十年里，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將為研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾碜约旱纳钐峁┮粋€新的視角。而情商也許會給我們指明一個正確的方向。因此可以得知，最后一段作者是在提出對于未來研究的期待和方向。B項中的Expectationsforfuturestudies.符合題意。故選B。（浙江卷·B篇）Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.Theresultwas

ProjectWildThing,afilmwhich

charts

thebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature."Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.1.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.D.Theystayinfrontofsereensfortoolong.2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?A.recordsB.predictsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LetChildrenHaveFunB.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTimeC.MarketNaturetoChildrenD.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildrenDAAC本文作者以自己的孩子為例存在著長時間盯著電子屏幕的問題，從而引出了電影導(dǎo)演DavidBond怎樣激勵自己的孩子們養(yǎng)成戶外活動、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣的做法。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句"However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours."可知，作者的孩子們放學(xué)之后只想看電子屏幕，并盯著看好幾個小時，故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.“可知，作者記錄了自己的旅程，并制作成電影，故選A。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話句意”結(jié)果是ProjectWildThing，一部描繪了WildNetwork誕生的電影，WildNetwork是一組以讓孩子們?nèi)谌氪笞匀粸楣餐繕?biāo)的組織。“可知，本句主要闡述作者拍攝的紀(jì)錄片ProjectWildThing記錄下了組織WildNetwork的誕生，因此record（記錄、記載）與所猜詞匯最為接近，故選A。4.主旨大意題。文章首段闡述現(xiàn)狀，即孩子們花太多時間在電子屏幕上，緊接著提到了作者為呼吁孩子們走進(jìn)大自然拍攝了紀(jì)錄片，希望孩子們能多花些時間在戶外運動上。因此本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：向孩子們"推銷"自然，故選C。（3月天津卷·B篇）Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard（蜥蜴）wasgrowingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.Ididn'tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmyfavoriteteapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthemess,Iwonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband'sbirthday.Hehadjustlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedtodosomethingspecial."Let'smakeacakeforDad!"Icried.Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostoftheday.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetable!Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.Threedaysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveralfrustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggestedwatchingtheMichaelJordandocumentary（紀(jì)錄片）series

TheLastDance.Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhim

leavingbehindthelayer

thatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.Humansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizardfromParagraph1?A.Itstankgrewdirty.B.Itsoldskincameoff.C.Itgotaskindisease.D.Itwentmissing.2.Whydidtheauthor'shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?A.Thebirthdaycakewasruined.B.Theauthormadegoodpuddings.C.Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.D.Theycouldn'taffordabirthdaycake.3.Whydoestheauthormention

TheLastDance

inthepassage?A.Toproveatheory.B.Todefineaconcept.C.Todevelopthetheme.D.Toprovidethebackground.4.Theunderlinedpart"leaving

behind

the

layer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas

.A.lettinggoofthepastB.lookingforanewjobC.gettingridofabadhabitD.givingupanopportunity5.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?A.Loveoffamilyhelpsussurvivegreathardships.B.It'snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.C.Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.D.Pastexperiencesshouldbetreasured.BACAC文章大意：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者的丈夫剛剛丟了工作，這種不確定性開始影響到家人，直到作者看到家里的寵物蜥蜴換皮和觀看了MichaelJordan的紀(jì)錄片《最后的舞蹈》后，領(lǐng)悟到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后，像蜥蜴一樣，用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句"Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子們報告了蜥蜴皮膚上奇怪的表面。幾秒鐘后，我們的蜥蜴從水箱里出來，舊皮膚蛻了下來）"可知，寵物蜥蜴舊的皮膚脫落了。故選：B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf…Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.（就在我丈夫參加另一場工作面試回家前兩個小時，我女兒爬到一個高高的架子上，抓起一個玻璃花瓶。它掉下來摔碎在蛋糕旁邊。到處都是細(xì)小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉時，她大聲抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布?。?可知，作者的丈夫過生日吃了香蕉布丁是因為生日蛋糕毀了。故選：A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段"Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.…Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.…Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.（Jordan從心愛的籃球退役，轉(zhuǎn)而打棒球，這是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艱難的決定，讓我感到驚訝。當(dāng)我看著他脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時，我看到他脫下了那層不再適合他的衣服，就像我們的蜥蜴一樣。他們都沒有選擇那個改變了他們的時刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因為一切都變了。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后）"以及最后一段"Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.（Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何，都是以希望開始的。用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，那是我們的起點）"可推知，作者在文章中提到TheLastDance是為了展開文章關(guān)于放手過去，重新開始的主題。故選：C。4.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文"Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem…Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.（他們都沒有選擇那個改變了他們的時刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因為一切都變了。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后）"可知，作者看著喬丹脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時，意識到看到他放開了過去，把過去拋在腦后了。即畫線詞意思是"放開過去"。故選：A。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Humansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasotheranimals…Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.（人類不像其他動物那樣容易蛻皮。變革的開始令人不安。這個過程很累人。傷害在我們準(zhǔn)備好之前就改變了我們。我看到了我們生嫩的、幾乎是全新的蜥蜴）"以及最后一段"Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.（Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何，都是以希望開始的。用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，那是我們的起點）"可推知，作者最有可能想告訴我們無論發(fā)生什么，我們都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選：C。（3月天津卷·D篇）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（視角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（專長）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.1.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto

.A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.broadenhisperspectiveonlife2.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto

.A.treasuretheirfreedomB.travelaroundtheworldC.spendmosttimeworkingD.enjoymeetingfunnypeople3.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho

.A.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB.isapurespecialistinmedicineC.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork4.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralistACDDA本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句"Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成為專家需要對特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越多。）"可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識領(lǐng)域會越來越少，會縮小他的知識范圍。故選A。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中提到"Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty…Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,…(有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作。…..這些專家可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點。)"可知，這些專家往往花大部分的時間在工作上。故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句"Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.（這位既是詩人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。）"可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識帶到工作中。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一、二句"Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.（事物之間是有聯(lián)系的。讓你在一個領(lǐng)域的專長激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來沒有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)系的。）"以及下文舉出Toni的例子"MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.（我的編輯Toni也是一位作家，她編輯過幾本歷史書。她已決定學(xué)習(xí)中國歷史。作為一名畫家，她癡迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同時也對更多地了解中國哲學(xué)感興趣。)"可以推斷，作者想通過Toni的例子說明看似不相關(guān)的興趣，如果深入探索的話，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。5.最佳標(biāo)題題。文章第一段第一句提出觀點"Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.（作者提出即使你是一個專家，也應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個通才）"。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句"Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless."可知，成為專家的不足之處是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越深。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句"Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections."可知，當(dāng)通才的優(yōu)點往往對廣泛的學(xué)科了解得很多，并從整體上來看其中的所有的聯(lián)系。根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容可知，作者的觀點是應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個通才。因此文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為"BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist（做一個通才，而不是專家）"。故選A。II、2021年高考模擬試題（天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考2·閱讀理解D篇）Theplayingfieldisneverevenorequal.Yourskillsandattitudeplayamajorroleintheoutcome.Knowingwhatyoucandotohaveanadvantagecanmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Mykidstellmeit'sunfairtoplaywiththebigchildren.Itellthemthat'sright.Unfairnessisagoodthing.Thereismoretobegainedbytheeffortwhenthingsseemunfair.Itistruethatmanythingsintheworldareunfair.Butunfairthingsusuallycanbeaboontoyou.Forexample,theearlybirdcatchestheworm.Itisunfairthatthebirdthatsleepsinmissesoutonbreakfastbutitisnicetoknowthatifitgetsupearlyitissuretogettheworm.Ialwaystrytoexplaintomykidsthatcomplainingabouthowunfairsomethingiswillgetthemnowhere.Instead,makethemostoutofitandgetontheothersideofit.Onceyoudothatyouareintheadvantage.Aboveall,youhavetofocusongainingthatunfairadvantageandinordertodothat,buildyourinnerstrength,Whenyouempower（武裝）yourself,youaregainingskillsorabilities,confidenceandself-esteem（自尊）.Youshouldlookatyourplaceintheworld.Wheredoyouwantiobefinancially,spiritually,emotionally,andphysically?Youarecreatingyourownstorywhenyouempoweryourself.Youcanbuildalltheadvantagesthatyouneedtolivethelifethatyouwant.Ifyouhaven'tyet,youneedtomakealistofallthethingsyouwanttoexperienceinyournewlife.Thiswillhelpyoufocusonbuildingadvantagessothatyouneverhavetosaythatit'sNotFair.Whenyoudothisthenyouwillbeabletorealizethatunfairnessisagoodthingandyouwillwanttoteachthosearoundyoutoseeunfairnessinthiswaytoo.1.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"boon"inParagraph2probablymean?A.Somethingthatisveryterrible. B.SomethingthatisveryhelpfulC.Somethingthatisverykind D.Somethingthatisveryscared2.Whatcanweinferfromtheexampleoftheplayingfieldusedbytheauthor?A.TheauthorwantstointroducehistopicB.TheauthorwantstosupporthisopinionC.HewantstellusthathavinganadvantageisneededD.Hewantstoshowskillsandattitudesareimportantinplayinggames3.Whatisthebestwaytodealwithunfairnessaccordingtotheauthor?A.Justacceptit. B.Thytochangeit.C.Simplyignoreit. D.Makegooduseofit.4.Youaretoldtolookatyourplaceintheworldinorderto________.A.makeyourselfbetter B.beproudofyourselfC.havemoreconfidence D.knowothers'advantages5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thewaytoliveahappylife. B.Therightattitudetounfairness.C.Beingpatientenoughtosucceed. D.Stayingcalmwhentreatedbadly.BADAB這是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述對待不公平的正確態(tài)度。1.詞句猜測題。由文章第二段中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞“But”可知，劃線詞應(yīng)是褒義的，再結(jié)合下文“Forexample,theearlybirdcatchestheworm.（例如，早起的鳥兒有蟲吃）”，說明劃線詞應(yīng)是指“有幫助的”意思。故選B項。2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Theplayingfieldisneverevenorequal.Yourskillsandattitudeplayamajorroleintheoutcome.Knowingwhatyoucandotohaveanadvantagecanmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.（競技場從來就不是平等的。你的技能和態(tài)度對結(jié)果起著重要作用。知道你可以做什么來獲得優(yōu)勢可以決定成功和失?。笨芍恼率锥蔚哪康膽?yīng)是引出話題。故選A項。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Ialwaystrytoexplaintomykidsthatcomplainingabouthowunfairsomethingiswillgetthemnowhere.Instead,makethemostoutofitandgetontheothersideofit.Onceyoudothatyouareintheadvantage.（我總是試圖向我的孩子們解釋，抱怨某件事是多么的不公平，對他們沒有任何好處。相反，你應(yīng)該充分利用它，站在它的另一面（考慮）。一旦你這樣做了，你就處于優(yōu)勢了）”可知，在作者看來充分利用不公平是對待不公平本身最好的方法。故選D項。4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Youshouldlookatyourplaceintheworld.Wheredoyouwantiobefinancially,spiritually,emotionally,andphysically?Youarecreatingyourownstorywhenyouempoweryourself.（你應(yīng)該看看你在世界上的位置。你想在經(jīng)濟(jì)上、精神上、情感上和身體上處于什么位置？當(dāng)你賦予自己力量時，你正在創(chuàng)造自己的故事）”以及第五段“Youcanbuildalltheadvantagesthatyouneedtolivethelifethatyouwant.（你可以建立所有你需要的優(yōu)勢，過上你想要的生活）”可知，看清你在這個世界上的位置是為了讓你變得更好。故選A項。5.主旨大意題。由文章第五段“Whenyoudothisthenyouwillbeabletorealizethatunfairnessisagoodthingandyouwillwanttoteachthosearoundyoutoseeunfairnessinthiswaytoo.（當(dāng)你這樣做的時候，你就會意識到不公平是一件好事，你也會想要教會你周圍的人以這種方式看待不公平）”結(jié)合文章主要圍繞對待不公的正確態(tài)度展開可知，B項表述正確。故選B項。（寶坻區(qū)三?！ら喿x理解D篇）Thosewithclosedmindsrefusedtoconsideranycontradictoryfacts,andtheyproceedwiththeirplannedcourseofaction,fullspeedahead,withtheir“mindsmadeup”andtightlyshut.Asanillustration,considerthesituationin1986,priortotheceshuttleChallenger’sdisatrouslaunchthatkilledallsevenastronautsaboard,therewasaheatedtelephonedebatebetweentwoengineersfromthecompanythatproducedtheshuttleboosterrocketsandthetopofficialsofNASA(thefederalgovernment’sceagency).TheengineersinsistedthattheflightwastooriskybecauseoffreezingtemperatureattheFloridalaunchsite.Theyexplainedthatsomeofthesealsonthefueltankswerenotdesignedtowithstandsuchlowtemperaturesandmightleakunderpressure,thusendangeringthecraftandcrew.Despitethepleastostoptheflight,officialsatNASAoverruledtheengineers,whowerebestqualifiedtomakejudgmentsaboutthecomplextechnicalproblemsofceflight.Whatcausedtheofficialstoignoretheengineers?Severalflightshadalreadybeenpostponed,anditwouldnotlookgoodtopostponeanother.Itwouldbebadpublicrelationstodisappointthecrowdsofpeopleandnewsreporterswaitingforthelaunch.Topgovernmentofficialswerereadytoappearonthenationaltelevisionandtakethecreditforanothersafeflight.Asaresult,withtheirmindsabsolutelyclosedtothefactspresentedbytheengineers,NASAofficialsorderedtheChallengertotakeoff.Seventy-threesecondslater,thececraftwasenvelopedinflame.Incredibly,seventeenyearslater,thelessonoftheChallengerdisasterwasrepeated.In2003,theceshuttleColumbiabrokeapartwhilere-enteringtheearth’satmosphere,killinganothercrewofseven.Duringtheshuttle’sliftoff,apieceoffoaminsulation(泡沫隔熱材料)hadbrokenoff,hittingtheshuttle'swingatfivehundredmilesperhour.Lower-levelengineersatNASAbeggedforphotographsoftheColumbiainorbit,whichmighthaveshowntheextentofthedamage,buttheirclosed-mindedsuperiorsignoredtheirrequests.Itwasthedamagecausedbythe1.7poundchunkofinsulationthatdoomedtheColumbia.Thereisnovirtueinignoringcontradictoryfactsand“stickingtoyourguns”whenthecoursetakenshowsallthesignsofbeingthewrongone.Closedmindsareespeciallynoticeableinpoliticalcampaignsanddebates.Manypeoplelineuptosupportonecandidateoranotherandwon’tlistentoanyfactspresentedbytheopposingcandidate.Allthosewithanopenmindsayisthis:“Idon’tknoweverything,soI’dbetterkeepmymind,eyes,andearsopentoanynewfactsthatmaycomealong.”Theworldwouldbeamuchbetterandsaferplaceifeveryonehadthisattitude.1.WhichofthefollowingbroughtaboutthedisastrouslaunchoftheChallenger?A.Itscrew B.TheengineersC.Thefueltanks’seals D.Thesizeofitsrocket2.WhentheengineersappealedtostopthelaunchoftheChallenger,thegovernmentofficials___________.A.postponedtheflightatonce.B.madejudgmentsaboutthecomplextechnicalproblems.C.announcedthenewsonnationaltelevision.D.orderedtolaunchtheChallengerasscheduled.3.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.TheColumbiadisasterwasimpossibletoforesee.B.EngineersweretoblamefortheColumbia’sexplosion.C.TheColumbiadisastercouldhavebeenavoided.D.TheColumbiawasdeliberatelydamaged.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“stickingtoyourguns”inParagraph4mean?A.Holdingfirmtoyourownopinion.B.Remainingandfiringyourgunatenemies.C.Strengtheningyourstatus.D.Keepinganopenmind.5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformreadersaboutwhatanopenmindis.B.Toentertainreaderswithtwostoriesoftragediesince.C.Topersuadereaderstokeepanopenmind.D.TocriticizewhatNASAofficialshaddoneinaerocehistory.6.Howdoestheauthorsupporttheargumentofthepassage?A.Bystatingarguments. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata. D.Byprovidingresearchresult.CDCACB本文是一篇議論文。主要講述的是封閉的人，不考慮任何矛盾的事實，堅決地、嚴(yán)守秘密地按照計劃行事，全速前進(jìn)。文中用1986年“挑戰(zhàn)者”號航天飛機(jī)遇難以及2003年，哥倫比亞號航天飛機(jī)在重返地球大氣層時解體來說明這種觀點帶來的嚴(yán)重后果，并呼吁人們大家對任何可能出現(xiàn)的新事實持開放的態(tài)度，如果每個人都有這樣的態(tài)度，世界將會變得更加美好和安全。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“

Theyexplainedthatsomeofthesealsonthefueltankswerenotdesignedtowithstandsuchlowtemperaturesandmightleakunderpressure,thusendangeringthecraftandcrew.”他們解釋說，燃料箱上的一些密封裝置不能承受如此低的溫度，在壓力下可能會泄漏，從而危及飛船和船員。可知是油箱密封造成了挑戰(zhàn)者號的災(zāi)難。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Asaresult,withtheirmindsabsolutelyclosedtothefactspresentedbytheengineers,NASAofficialsorderedtheChallengertotakeoff.Seventy-threesecondslater,thececraftwasenvelopedinflame.”結(jié)果，NASA的官員們完全不考慮工程師們提供的事實，命令挑戰(zhàn)者號起飛。73秒后，宇宙飛船被火焰包圍?？芍钦賳T命令挑戰(zhàn)者號如期發(fā)射。故選D項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Incredibly,seventeenyearslater,thelessonoftheChallengerdisasterwasrepeated.

”令人難以置信的是，17年后，挑戰(zhàn)者號災(zāi)難的教訓(xùn)再次出現(xiàn)。和本段的“Lower-levelengineersatNASAbeggedforphotographsoftheColumbiainorbit,whichmight