考研考博-英語-北京信息科技大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京信息科技大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Studiesoftheeffectthatmakesmanyofusslumberorfeelsleepyduringthequeen’sSpeechonChristmasDayhaverevealedthatchangesmayberequiredinBritain’sdrinkdrivelegislation.

Dr.JamesHorne,directoroftheSleepResearchLaboratoryatLoughboroughUniversity,isinvestigatingpose-lunchsleepiness.“Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.”

Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.

“Hotenvironmentsmakeitworseandmanycultureslivingneartheequator”,saysDr.Home,“haveconcededtotheinevitable,wheretheafternoonsiestaisthewayoflife.”

InthisstudyDr.Homehasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofalcohol.“Thetheoryisthatifyouaremoresleepyafterlunchthenitfiguresthatalcoholwillbemorepotentafterlunch.Onewouldfigurethenthatapintofbeeratlunchtimehasmoreeffectthanintheevening,whenpeoplearemorealert.Indeed,wefindthatithasabouttwicetheeffect.”

Thishasmoresinisterimplications.“Ifpeopletakealcoholuptothelegaldrivinglimit,theirperformanceisseriouslyimpairedafterlunch.”Hesaid.

Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.

“Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.”saidDr.Horne.

ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”

26.ItisimpliedthatBritishpeople（）.

27.（）takearestinthehotafternoonsun.

28.Mostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimebecause（）.

29.Accordingtothepassage,ifyousleepmorethan15minutesafterlunch,（）.

30.Itcanbeinferredthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liketotakeashortnapafterlunch

B.don’ttakeashortnapafterlunch

C.don’tfeelsleepyafterlunch

D.liketosleeptwiceaday

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Allanimalsinthebush

B.Theremnantofthesameprimevalprogramming

C.Thesameprimevalprogramming

D.Allanimalsintheworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alcoholwillbelesspotentafterlunch

B.apintofbeeratlunchtimeisequivalenttoaquartintheevening,itcauseafternoonsleepiness

C.peoplearemorealertatlunchtime

D.itisnotlegaltodrinkatlunchtime

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.youwillberefreshed

B.youwillbewakenup

C.youwillfeelfarsleepier

D.youwilltakeacatnap

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearenotallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

B.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

C.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkoutpintatlunch-time

D.None

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】26.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后一句Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.（我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該每天睡兩次，一次在晚上，一次在午餐后小睡片刻，但在這個(gè)世界的一部分地方，我們傾向于克制午睡。）以及最后一段的段首ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.（對于那些認(rèn)真收聽女王演講的人，霍姆醫(yī)生建議進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)，在臉上噴點(diǎn)涼風(fēng)或冷水，或者喝杯咖啡。否則，就打個(gè)盹吧。）由此可以推理出午睡是英國人實(shí)在沒有辦法克服睡意后，才會(huì)進(jìn)行的事情。因此A選項(xiàng)“喜歡午飯后小睡一會(huì)兒”不符合題意，可排除。同理可排除D選項(xiàng)“喜歡一天睡兩次”，B選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會(huì)小睡”符合題意，正確。C選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會(huì)覺得困”，原文中說到Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一種原始程序的殘余物，與使灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在炎熱的午后陽光下休息來保存能量是一樣的道理。），可以知道在午后有睡意是人之常情。由此可知C選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。故選B。

27.客觀事實(shí)題。定位到原文Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一種原始程序的殘余物，與使灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在炎熱的午后陽光下休息來保存能量是一樣的道理。）由此可知會(huì)在炎熱午后陽光下休息的是灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物。因此A選項(xiàng)“所有在灌木叢里的動(dòng)物”，符合題意，正確。B選項(xiàng)“同一種原始程序的殘余”這是對灌木叢里所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在午后陽光下休息的解釋。C選項(xiàng)“同樣的原始程序”，D選項(xiàng)“世界上所有的動(dòng)物”。B，C，D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，故選A。

28.推理判斷題。定位在文中的第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精與睡眠的晝夜節(jié)律相互作用，導(dǎo)致下午犯困，以至于午餐時(shí)間的一品脫的量相當(dāng)于晚上的一夸脫的量。）可以推論出午后飲酒會(huì)讓人更加容易犯困。A選項(xiàng)“午餐后酒精效果不強(qiáng)”，表述錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“午餐時(shí)間喝一品脫啤酒相當(dāng)于晚上喝一夸脫啤酒，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致下午犯困”符合題意，正確。C選項(xiàng)“人們在午餐時(shí)間更警覺”與題意無關(guān)，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在午餐時(shí)間飲酒是不合法的”定位到原文的第八段Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.（出于這個(gè)原因，大多數(shù)司機(jī)在午餐時(shí)間根本不應(yīng)該喝酒，并且合法的血液酒精含量限制并不是安全駕駛的指南。）午餐后喝酒并不違法，只是超過合法的血液酒精含量行駛會(huì)不安全，干擾項(xiàng)可排除。故選B。

29.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在文章中的最后一句Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”（但這應(yīng)該不到15分鐘。否則，睡意真的就到來了，當(dāng)你醒來時(shí)會(huì)感到非?；杌栌?，比你剛開始更困。）由此可以推出當(dāng)一個(gè)人午休時(shí)長超過15分鐘后，會(huì)更疲憊，睡意更濃。因此C選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)覺得更困”符合題意，正確。A選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)精神煥發(fā)”，B選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)被喚醒”，D選項(xiàng)“你會(huì)小憩一下”。A，B，D選項(xiàng)與題意不符。故選C。

30.推理判斷題。定位在文中第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精與睡眠的晝夜節(jié)律相互作用，導(dǎo)致下午犯困，以至于午餐時(shí)間的一品脫的量相當(dāng)于晚上的一夸脫的量。）第八段第一句Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtime…（正因?yàn)槿绱?，大多?shù)司機(jī)在午餐時(shí)間根本不應(yīng)該喝酒）。由此可推論出午餐時(shí)間是不能喝酒的，由此可以排除C選項(xiàng)“人們在午餐時(shí)間喝完酒后仍然可以開車”。A選項(xiàng)“在晚上喝了一夸脫的酒后是不允許開車的”，不允許開車的飲酒量是午餐后的一品脫與晚餐后的一夸脫。同理可推論出晚餐喝了一夸脫酒后是不允許開車的。故A選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。同理可排除B選項(xiàng)“在晚上喝了一夸脫的酒后開車仍是被允許的”。D選項(xiàng)“無”，按照句意我們推理出了晚上喝酒量達(dá)到一夸脫也是不允許開車的，可排除。故選A。

2.單選題

Hundredsofpeople（

）ontheplaygroundforwatchingtheDragonLanternshow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrived

B.conformed

C.conferred

D.converged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contrive“發(fā)明，設(shè)計(jì)”；conform“符合，遵照”；confer“授予，給予”；converge“聚集”。句意：數(shù)百人聚集在廣場上看龍燈表演。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Itonlytookafewsecondsforhertosize（）thesituation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.up

C.on

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查sizeup“打量；估計(jì)……的大小；判斷”，其他的選項(xiàng)都沒有這種搭配。句意：她只花了幾秒鐘審時(shí)度勢。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitive(認(rèn)知的)aging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.

AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5,000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofare(過活)betterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelps,too,researcherssay,perhapsbecauseitinstille(灌輸)theconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaieWillisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychological(神經(jīng)心理學(xué)的)terms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorials(輔導(dǎo)課)oninductivereasoningorspatial(空間的)skillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslaterwhentheywerere-tested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohone(磨練)visual-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

16.Inthispassage,theauthormainlydiscusses.

17.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(Paragraph1)refersto.

18.Accordingtoresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

19.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthatmighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

20.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalstimulation

D.intellectualfunction

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardsofliving

D.Alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalaginghasstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchasinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一步，定位首尾核心句，第一段第一句話Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人員對于‘使用否則失去’的理念是否適用于認(rèn)知衰老存在分歧，但有一些證據(jù)表明，保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡相關(guān)的衰退”。第二步，行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，先提出保持思維活躍能夠減緩智力的衰退，接下來是講研究人員尋找到的保持智力活躍的方法，最后講到年齡帶來的不只是衰老還有智慧，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“保持智力活力的有效方法”。

A選項(xiàng)“心理刺激在預(yù)防心理衰老中的作用”，心理刺激只是在第二段稍微提了一下，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

B選項(xiàng)“隨著年齡的增長，心智能力逐漸喪失”，這是最后一段的內(nèi)容，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“心理功能和空間技能之間的關(guān)系”，這只是文章第五段的內(nèi)容，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞匯推斷題。第一步句中信息，定位到文章第一段第一句話Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人員對于‘使用否則失去’的理念是否適用于認(rèn)知衰老持反對態(tài)度，但有一些證據(jù)表明，保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡相關(guān)的衰退”。第二步，上下文語義銜接，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞but可知兩個(gè)句子之間是存在著一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前句說隨著年齡的增長某些事不用就會(huì)被丟到，這種觀點(diǎn)研究人員持反對態(tài)度，后句是說保持思維活躍可以減緩衰退。從這里可知it指代之物是與mentally相應(yīng)的，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“智力”。

B選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)知發(fā)展”，我們能夠使用或者失去的不可能是某種事物的發(fā)展，所以答案不能選B，這里屬于曲意理解。

C選項(xiàng)“精神刺激”，理由同B選項(xiàng)。

D選項(xiàng)“智力功能”，文章句子定位到第一段但是D選項(xiàng)是出現(xiàn)在第二段，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段第二句Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些幸運(yùn)地避免了慢性疾病的人在智力方面也可能表現(xiàn)得更好，這可能是因?yàn)槁约膊?huì)限制生活方式，使精神狀況更差，也可能是因?yàn)榻疱X可以買到刺激智力的東西，比如旅行”，第三段第一句Educationhelps,too…“教育也有助于……”，第二步綜合理解，能夠經(jīng)常旅游的人說明生活水平是很不錯(cuò)的，由此可知教育、慢性疾病、生活水平都能夠影響認(rèn)知衰老，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”。

A選項(xiàng)“教育”，B選項(xiàng)“慢性疾病”，C選項(xiàng)“生活水平”，選任何一項(xiàng)都會(huì)犯以偏概全的錯(cuò)誤。

19.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)信息，定位到文章第六段最后一句話…simplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.“僅僅是在家和那些在電視里玩游戲的人比拼智慧”，第二步，綜合理解，玩游戲這里可以算是一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”。

B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)聯(lián)系”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)格的日常工作”，定位到文章第四段第一二句Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”靈活性計(jì)數(shù)。保持精神活力的人通常不會(huì)堅(jiān)持“他們今天必須像以前一樣做事”，由這里可知死板的日常工作非但不會(huì)阻止智力衰退反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致智力衰退。

D選項(xiàng)“健康的飲食”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

20.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第五段第二句WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.“當(dāng)威利斯給大約200名技能在過去14年中有所下降的人提供5小時(shí)的歸納推理或空間技能輔導(dǎo)時(shí)，40%的人恢復(fù)了失去的能力?！保瑥倪@里可知推理歸納和空間技能屬于智力技能，不屬于智慧的范疇，所以C選項(xiàng)“智慧的重要性高于智力技能，如歸納推理和空間技能”錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于張冠李戴。

A選項(xiàng)“智慧可以被認(rèn)為是一種特殊形式的能力和伴隨著生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)而來的知識的完全發(fā)展”選項(xiàng)是最后一段第二句話Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“盡管隨著年齡的增長，你可能會(huì)失去一些心智技能，但你也會(huì)在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域得到提升：智慧”的同義替代。

B選項(xiàng)“即使智力老化的過程已經(jīng)開始，智慧仍然可能增長”定位到最后一段第二句話Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“盡管隨著年齡的增長，你可能會(huì)失去一些心智技能，但你也會(huì)在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域得到提升：智慧”，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

D選項(xiàng)“智慧是腦力的重要組成部分”，定位到最后一段第三句Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continues…“智慧的增長——寬泛地定義為伴隨生活經(jīng)歷而來的智力能力的成熟——仍在繼續(xù)……”從這里可知智慧是智力能力的成熟，智力和大腦有關(guān)，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ifyou

thinkyoucandomyjobbetterthanican,youarewelcometo（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeitdown

B.takeitup

C.takeitover

D.takeitin

【答案】C

【解析】takedown指記錄；takeup指從事；takeover指接管；takein指理解。句意：如果你覺得能比我做得好,歡迎替我來做。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.翻譯題

Itisalmostacommonplacethatsuccessfulforeignpolicymustgrowoutofdomesticpoliticalconsensus.CertainlythisistrueintheUnitedStateswithrespecttoenvironmentalissues,wherevirtuallyeverysuccessfulinternationalregimehashaditsrootsinU.S.domesticlaw.ThemostspectacularsuccesstheMontrealozoneagreementgrewoutoftheU.S.regulationofchlorofluorocarbons,thechiefculpritinthedestructionoftheozonelayer,beginningwithabanonaerosolspraycansinthelate1970s.Otherrelativelysuccessfulinternationalregimesforexampletolimitoilpollutionfromtankers,toregulatetradeinendangeredspecies,andtocontroldangerouspesticidesandchemicalsalsobuiltonU.S.efforts,ratherthanattemptingtoforcetheUnitedStatestochangeitswaysthroughthepressureofaninternationalregime.

Fromthebeginning,however,U.S.climatechangepolicyfollowedadifferentpath,focusingoninternationalratherthandomesticmeasures.

Tosomedegree,thisreflectedtheunderstandablereluctanceofmanygovernmentstotakedomesticactionwithoutanassurancethatotherswouldfollowsuit.Giventheglobalcausesofclimatechange,ifacountryactsalone,itsimplydrivesupitsowncostswithoutmakingameaningfuldentinsolvingtheproblem.Internationalactionisnecessarytomakedomesticclimatepolicieseffective.Toagreaterdegree,however,theinternationalfocusofU.S.climatepolicyreflectedalackofdomesticpoliticalwill.AlthoughpollsconsistentlyindicatethatAmericansareconcernedaboutclimatechange,climatechangehasuntilnowneveremergedasamajorpoliticalissueintheUnitedStates.Comeelectiontime,education,socialsecurityandtaxeshavetakeprecedenceinvoters’minds.Indeed,climatechangeusuallydoesnotevencrackthetopthreeenvironmentalconcernscleanwater,cleanairandurbansprawl.Asaresult,climateactivistshavetendedtoviewtheinternationalarenaasapotentiallymorefavorableforum.TheonlyrealattempttoenactbindingdomesticmeasuresrelatedtoclimatechangeoccurredearlyintheClintonAdministration,whenClintonproposedabroad-basedenergytaxaspartofhisfirsteconomicplan.

AlthoughClintonbilledthetaxprimarilyasarevenueratherthanaclimatechangemeasureandmadeitapplicabletoallenergysources,notjustthosethatproducegreenhousegases,thetaxwouldhavediscouragedgreenhouseemissionsbyraisingenergypricesandsomeclimatechangeactivistssawitinthatlight.Inpart,thefocusontheinternationalnegotiationswasdrivenbytheinexorablemomentumoftheinternationalclimateagendaitself,withmajormeetingspracticallyeveryyear,whichkeptclimatechangeonthefrontburner.Ironically,theseregularmeetingswhichareusuallyseenasameansofkeepingpressureonstatestoacthelpedgiveClintonacomparativelyeasywayoutpolitically.AstherepresentativeoftheUnitedStatesininternationalaffairs,theadministrationcouldtemporarilysatisfyitsenvironmentalconstituencybyacceptingstrongnationalpolicies,withouthavingtoundertaketheextremelydifficultpoliticalworkofconvincingaconservativeCongresstoenactdomesticlegislationtoreduceemissions.

Ofcourse,thisapproachcouldnotworkindefinitely,sinceinternationalpoliciestocombatglobalwarmingeventuallyrequiredomesticimplementation.Butgiventhecomplexityandseeminglynever-endingcharacterofthenegotiations,theinternationalapproachwasabletobuyconsiderabletimeforanadministrationreluctanttoexpendsignificantpoliticalcapitalathometocombatclimatechange.

Indoingso,administrationofficialscouldcomfortthemselveswiththeargumentthattheyweremakingprogressintheonlywaypossible,byputtinginplaceaninternationalsystemthatwouldbereadytousewhenAmericabecameseriousaboutclimatechange.

【答案】當(dāng)然，美國在環(huán)境問題上也是如此，幾乎每一個(gè)成功的國際制度都植根于美國的國內(nèi)法。

在某種程度上，這反映出許多國家政府在不確定其他國家是否會(huì)效仿的情況下，不愿意采取國內(nèi)行動(dòng)，這是可以理解的?？紤]到全球氣候變化的原因，如果一個(gè)國家單獨(dú)行動(dòng)，只會(huì)導(dǎo)致成本增加，而不會(huì)取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展。

在選舉期間，選民會(huì)優(yōu)先考慮到教育、社會(huì)保障和稅收。

盡管克林頓將該稅主要宣傳為一項(xiàng)稅收，而不是一項(xiàng)氣候變化措施，并使其適用于所有能源，而不僅僅對于溫室氣體，但是本可以通過提高能源價(jià)格使稅收抑制溫室氣體排放，而一些氣候變化積極參與者正是從這個(gè)角度看問題的。

在某種程度上，對國際談判的關(guān)注是由國際氣候日常工作本身不可阻擋的勢頭所趨使的，幾乎每年都會(huì)召開大型會(huì)議，這使氣候變化問題處于首要地位。

當(dāng)然，這種方法不可能無限地發(fā)揮作用，因?yàn)閷谷蜃兣膰H政策最終需要國內(nèi)采取一些措施。

這樣一來，政策實(shí)施人員就可以安慰自己，說道他們正在以唯一可能的方式-建立一個(gè)國際體系的方法取得進(jìn)展。一旦美國開始嚴(yán)肅對待氣候變化問題時(shí)，就可以隨時(shí)使用這個(gè)體系。

7.單選題

Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy（）tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquaintance

B.accuracy

C.access

D.acquisition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。acquaintance“熟人；相識；了解”；accuracy“準(zhǔn)確性”；access“進(jìn)入；通道；有使用權(quán)”，與介詞to搭配；acquisition“獲得物，獲得”。句意：這套系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的目的是為了讓學(xué)生能快速并且容易使用圖書館資源。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.填空題

WhenLiSanwenttothehospitalforhis（1）healthcheck-up,thedoctor

onceagainadvisedhimtoquitsmokingand（2）weight.HealsotoldLitogetmore（3）andcutdownonthe（4）ofsaltinhasdiet.Lihasheardthismanytimesbefore,buthewillprobably（5）theadvice,（6）hehasinthepast.I’mafraiditwilltakeaheartattacktomakehim（7）hisattitude.

【答案】1.regular

2.lose

3.exercise

4.amount

5.ignore

6.as

7.change

【解析】1.語義題。regularhealthcheck-up常規(guī)健康體檢

2.固定搭配。Loseweight減肥。

3.語義題。getmoreexercise加強(qiáng)鍛煉

4.語義題。Amount數(shù)量。

5.語義題。Ignoretheadvice忽視意見。

6.語義題。As正如。

7.固定搭配。changeone'sattitude轉(zhuǎn)變觀念。

9.單選題

（）widespreadbeliefcockroacheswouldnottakeovertheworldiftherewerenoaroundtosteponthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inviewof

B.Thanksto

C.Incaseof

D.Contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:和廣為流傳的說法相反的是，蟑螂如果沒有人在周圍踩它們的話，根本不能占領(lǐng)世界。

考查短語辨析。Inviewof考慮到，由于；thanksto多虧；incaseof如果，萬一；contraryto與……相反。因此D符合句意。

10.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

沒有永遠(yuǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也沒有永遠(yuǎn)的缺點(diǎn)。這篇文章告訴我們，對待優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)采取客觀的態(tài)度。具體地說，盲目地崇拜他人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)必定會(huì)傷害我們的自信，而完全忽略自身缺點(diǎn)則會(huì)導(dǎo)致自負(fù)?？偠灾?，兩種極端都會(huì)使我們失去充分發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢的機(jī)會(huì)。因此，我們需要找到合適的方法釋放自己的優(yōu)勢，并且把暫吋的缺點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化成優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

數(shù)字表明自我雇傭的英國人大多為男性，工作的吋間比全職工作的員工長而且賺得少。事實(shí)上，2007至2016期間，自我雇傭者的實(shí)際薪水要比受雇傭員工下降得更快。這或許能解釋為何英國近幾年的生產(chǎn)率提高速度如同蝸牛爬行。

對于以音樂為愛好的研究者來說，音樂有助于他們的研究。把他們的頭腦從實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密性以及數(shù)據(jù)的乏味中解脫出來，使之徜徉在韻律與節(jié)奏的世界里會(huì)幫助他發(fā)揮科學(xué)創(chuàng)造性。一位研宄者發(fā)現(xiàn)，令人滿意的表演持續(xù)幾天甚至僅幾個(gè)小吋之后，常給他開展研究的靈感。

USmilitaryhasbegundeployingamissiledefensesysteminSouthKorea.TheTHAADsystemisdesignedtoshootdownincomingmissiles.Chinasaysitwilltakeunspecifiedmeasuresagainstit.AndmanyKoreanandChineseareirritatedandtheyhavebeenprotestingagainstSouthKorea'sirresponsibleactionofthisdeployment.

Insomecases,alongerresumemightbeinorder.Forexample,graphicdesignersorvisualartistsmightbenefitfromcreatinganillustratedresume,andacademics,researchers,orlong-timeexecutivesmayneedmorethanonepagetocapturethebreadthoftheirexperience.Butingeneral,it'sbesttoavoidoverburdeningbusyrecruiterswitharesumethatdragsonandon.

Chinaiscomingupwithfinancialincentivestoencouragecouplestohaveasecondchild,assurveysshowmanyarereluctanttoexpandtheirfamiliesduetoeconomicconstraints.AnofficeroftheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionrevealedthepotentialmoveatasocialwelfareconference."TohaveasecondchildistherightofeachfamilyinChina,butaffordabilityhasbecomeabottleneckthatunderminethedecision,"hesaid.

【答案】Therearenopermanentmeritsordefects.Thisarticletellsusthatweshouldtreatthesemeritsanddefectsobjectively.Specifically,itwouldhurtourself-confidencetoadmireother’smeritsblindly,whilecompletelyignoringourownshortcomingswillleadtoself-esteem.Inshort,wewouldloseouropportunitiestogivefullplaytoouradvantagesbecauseoftheseextremes.Therefore,weneedtofindappropriatewaystoreleaseouradvantagesandturnthetemporarydefectsintodefects.

Thefiguresshowthatmostself-employedBritonsaremen.Theself-employedworklongerhoursandearnlessthanthefull-timeemployees.Actually,therealsalaryofself-employedfellfasterthanthatofemployedemployeesbetween2007and2016.ThismayexplainwhyBritonproductivityhasgrownatsnail’spaceinrecentyears.

Forresearcherinterestedinmusic,musicishelpfultotheirresearch.Releasingtheirmindsfromthestructuralrigoroftheexperimentandthetediousdata,toroamtheworldfullofrhythmwouldbeusefulforhimtoplayscientificcreativity.Oneresearcherfoundthatasatisfactoryperformanceoftenlastedforafewdaysorevenafterseveralhours,andofteninspiredhimtodoresearch.

美國軍方已開始在韓國部署導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)。薩德系統(tǒng)旨在擊落來襲導(dǎo)彈。中國將采取一定措施表示反對。許多韓國人和中國人都很憤怒，他們一直在抗議韓國不負(fù)責(zé)任的部署行動(dòng)。

在某些情況下，可能需要篇幅長的簡歷達(dá)到整齊美觀效果。例如，平面設(shè)計(jì)師或視覺藝術(shù)家可能會(huì)從制作帶插圖的簡歷中獲益，而學(xué)者、研究人員或資深管理人員可能需要一頁以上的頁面來展示他們的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但總的來說，最好避免給讓招聘人員在一份冗長拖沓的簡歷上花費(fèi)過多的精力。

中國正在考慮鼓勵(lì)夫婦生育二胎的經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)措施，因?yàn)檎{(diào)查顯示，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)限制，許多人不愿擴(kuò)大家庭成員。國家衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)一位官員在一次社會(huì)福利會(huì)議上透露了這一潛在的舉措。他說，“在中國，生第二個(gè)孩子是每個(gè)家庭的權(quán)利，但負(fù)擔(dān)能力卻成了阻礙這個(gè)決定的瓶頸。”

11.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake.Accordingtoanewstudyofseepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainseepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbytheseepinghemispherekeepsshut.Whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleepratherthantotalrelaxation.Moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain.”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdoingside-by-sideinthe200andinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-seepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsasdolphins.Whalesandseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause（

）.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat（

）.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfwakeinorderto（

）.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2.Para.8).Siegelsuggeststhat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)