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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常州紡織服裝職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

ThefoundingofnewChina(

)people’sdesireforindependence.

問題1選項

A.declared

B.implied

C.manifested

D.announced

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項declare“宣布,聲明”;B選項imply“意味,暗示”;C選項manifest“表明,顯示”;D選項announce“宣布”。句意:新中國的成立表明了人民對獨立的渴望。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

IlookedatMumandthought(

)shewasasniceasshelookedmaybeallourliveswouldhavebeenbetter.

問題1選項

A.onlyif

B.ifonly

C.evenif

D.eventhough

【答案】B

【解析】考察固定搭配。onlyif只有;evenif=eventhough即使;ifonly“要是……就”;句意為:我注視著母親,心想:要是她像看上去那么和藹可親就好了,這樣我們的生活也許會變得更好。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Everyeffortshouldcontributetothehealthydevelopmentofourcompany,buthowdidtheyreachsuchadecisionthatmaybe()tothecompany’sfuture?

問題1選項

A.irrelevant

B.detrimental

C.casual

D.preceding

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Irrelevant“不相干的”;detrimental“有害的”;casual“隨意的,偶然的”;preceding“先前的”。句意:每一項努力都應(yīng)該為公司的健康發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn),但是他們是如何做出這樣一個可能對公司未來不利的決定的呢?選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

AlthoughVenusisthenearestplanetoftheEarth,littleisknownaboutitbecauseitis()coveredbythickclouds.

問題1選項

A.closely

B.curiously

C.regularly

D.constantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。closely緊密地,嚴(yán)密地;curiously好奇地;regularly有規(guī)律地;constantly不斷地,時常地。句意:盡管金星是離地球最近的行星,但由于它時常被厚厚的云層所覆蓋,人們對它知之甚少。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

Iampreparedtomakesome()onminordetails,butIcannotcompromiseonfundamentals.

問題1選項

A.confession

B.concession

C.concord

D.consent

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。confession“懺悔;告解”;concession“讓步;特許(權(quán))”;concord“和諧;和睦;一致”;consent“準(zhǔn)許;同意”。句意:在一些細(xì)節(jié)上我準(zhǔn)備做出一些______,但是在原則上我不會妥協(xié)。根據(jù)句意可知選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Hisheart()withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.

問題1選項

A.flapped

B.flourished

C.flushed

D.fluttered

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。flap“拍打,扔,飄動”;flourish“繁榮,活躍,夸耀”;flush“發(fā)紅,使激動”;flutter“撲動,震顫”。句意:在等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)接見時,他激動得心怦怦直跳。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

WhenAmericanAstronautGlenreturnedtotheearthandheartywelcome____him,hewasconsideredtobeanationalhero.

問題1選項

A.waitedfor

B.anticipated

C.expected

D.awaited

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.waitedfor等候B.anticipated預(yù)料

C.expected期待D.awaited等候;將發(fā)生在某人身上

【答案】D

【考查點】近義詞辨析與主謂搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的主語為“熱忱的歡迎”,前文提到“美國宇航員Glen回到地球”,由此可知,該句表達(dá)的是Glen回到地球會受到熱烈的歡迎。D選項awaited“等候;將發(fā)生在某人身上”常與主語welcome搭配使用,heartywelcomeawaitedhim表示熱烈的歡迎發(fā)生在他身上,即他受到熱烈的歡迎。因此,本題最佳答案為D選項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項waitedfor“等候”,其主語通常是人,heartywelcome常與await搭配使用;

B選項anticipated“預(yù)料”,不符合原句語義銜接;

C選項expected“期待”,不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】當(dāng)美國宇航員Glen返回地球并受到熱烈歡迎時,他被認(rèn)為是民族英雄。

8.單選題

Maryisfinegirleventhoughshe'ssometimesabruptinmanner.

問題1選項

A.devious

B.brusque

C.shrew

D.irritable

【答案】B

【解析】句意:瑪麗是個好女孩,雖然她有時舉止粗魯。abrupt意為“生硬的,唐突的,粗魯?shù)?。Devious偏僻的,彎曲的;brusque唐突的,直率的,無禮的;shrew潑婦,悍婦;irritable急躁的,易怒的。選項B與之意思最為相近。

9.單選題

Inthelatetwentiethcentury,onemoresymbolicidealofmanhoodhademerged,the“spiritualwarrior”.ConjuredupintheteachingofRobertBlyandotherleadersofthemythopoeticmen’smovement,thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture.Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale.Thespiritualwarriorbelieveshehaslosttouchwiththosepassionsandlosthisabilitytoconnectdirectlywithothermen.Intheprocess,hehasbeenpreventedfromfulfillinghisdeepestspiritualneedsaswell.

Thisunderstandingofmanhoodappealsintenselytomanymenbecauseofitsfocusonfatherhood.Blyandotherslamentthegrowingdistancebetweenfathersandsonsinthemodernworld.Theteachersofthespiritualwarrioridealseethediscriminationofsonsfromtheirfathersrepeatingitselfinthedisconnectionofmenfrompassion,fromthespirit,fromtheirfellowmen.Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Forthespokesmenofthatmovementvoicedthesameconcernsabouttheabsenceoffathersthatmenarevoicingtoday.Theyalsoexpressedthesameanxietyaboutthedangersofaboylearninghisvisionofmanhoodthroughtheeyesofmothersandotherwomen.

Thereisoneimportanttraitthatallfouridealsshare.Eachofthemsignifiesaturningawayfromwomen.Theidealofthespiritualwarriorrepresentsaritualquestformanhoodinanall-malesetting.Theidealofthepleasureseekermaytreatwomenasobjectsofpleasureorasaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment,butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings.Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitment----and,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization,itisnosurprisethatadherentsofthisidealviewwomen’sworldwithsuspicion.

Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals.Pristineinitsblindnesstopersonalhistory,thegreatcontestforsuccessistechnicallyopentoanyonewhocanplayandwinaccordingtoitscompetitiverules.Aswehaveseenhistorically,however,themiddle-classmaleworkplacewasconstructedbymenaccordingtosharedmalevaluesandcustomsthatareculturallyalientowomen.Inrecentyears,womenhavemadestatisticalinroadsintheworldoftheteamplayer,butasyetthereislittlechange----culturallyorstatistically—atthelevelwheremostpoweriswielded.Inreality,theidealoftheteamplayerpositsaworldwherewomenhavedifficultysurvivingeventhoughtheyarenotexplicitlyforbiddentoenter.

Americansareoftenproudthattheydiscountthesignificanceofculturaldifferences:“Weareallindividuals,”manypeopleboast.Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,aspiritualwarrior().

2.Theword“accessory”(paragraph3)mustprobablymean“”()”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefouridealsistrue?

4.Theauthorseemstoimplythat().

5.Inwritingthisarticle,theauthor().

問題1選項

A.istheprototypeofthosewhowereonthequestforprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthe20thcentury

B.isbroughtupbythemotherinsteadofbythefather

C.ispassionateanddissatisfiedwiththefather’srole

D.longsforspiritualfulfillment.

問題2選項

A.chief

B.subordinate

C.necessary

D.perfect

問題3選項

A.Theworldofpleasureseekeristhemostfriendlytowomen

B.Existentialheroesdoubtwhetherwomencouldberegardedaspartofourcivilization.

C.Theteamplayerscanbethoughtofascomparativelymoreopen-mindedtowardwomenthantheotherthreeidealsofman

D.Theteamplayersarethemostpowerfulofallthefouridealsofman.

問題4選項

A.thefouridealsofmanhoodareproductsofaconfiningsociety

B.thequestforfatherhoodissharedbythefoursymbolicidealsofman

C.womenarepersecutedinamale-dominatedsociety

D.womenareassociatedwithrestrictioninourculture

問題5選項

A.severelyattackstheinjusticedonetowomenbythemalechauvinist

B.praisesspiritualwarriorsfortheirenthusiasticspiritualpursuit

C.expresseshisdoubtastothevalidityoftheconceptofequalsociety

D.condemnstherestrictiveforcesinamale-dominatedsociety

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:是那些在20世紀(jì)初尋求原始男子氣概形象的原型。第二段指出:Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury(這里出現(xiàn)了一系列與二十世紀(jì)初期的原始男子氣概運動相同點)。因此A項錯誤。B:由母親而不是父親撫養(yǎng)長大。C:熱情充溢,對父親的角色不滿。D:渴望精神上的滿足。第一段指出:…thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture(這一形象根源于對在美國文化中占支配地位的其他男性形象的不滿)。以及:Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale(它由直接地、有意識地專注于一種激情發(fā)展而來,這種激情被擁護(hù)者稱為男性天生的激情)。由此可知精神勇士的形象是源自一種激情和對男性形象的不滿,因此C項正確,B項跟D項不符合文章所述。

第2題:詞義題。根據(jù)“butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings(但是認(rèn)為她們與滿足自己欲望毫無關(guān)聯(lián))”推斷asaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment指的是“在追尋享樂的過程中一個可有可無的、附屬的同伴”,因此選B項“從屬的,附屬的”。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals(相比其他幾種形象,具有團(tuán)隊精神的人的世界本質(zhì)上沒有那么排斥女性),因此C項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitment—and,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization(存在主義英雄的形象支持從文明社會的限制中和對永恒以及個人承諾的束縛中解脫出來,并將女性和文明社會的約束之間的聯(lián)系賦予到文化當(dāng)中)。由此推斷D項“女性是和文明社會的約束聯(lián)系在一起的”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame(對性別和種族問題的忽視成了‘我們對待所有人都是平等的’這一自豪感的來源。但是當(dāng)人與人之間本來就存在差異的時候,一視同仁反而不能代表平等公平)。由此可看出作者對于美國社會現(xiàn)存的人人平等的觀念是否真正能夠代表平等公平持懷疑態(tài)度,故選C。

10.單選題

Herspeechwas(

)andcausedalotofangrycomment.

問題1選項

A.prospective

B.prone

C.provocative

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項prospective“未來的,預(yù)期的”;B選項prone“有…傾向的”;C選項provocative“刺激的,挑撥的,氣人的”;D選項promising“有希望的”。句意:她的演講很氣人,引起了許多憤怒的評論。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

7.

問題1選項

A.Shedidn’tdoanythinginparticular.

B.ShesendawoundedpersontotheER.

C.ShehadtoworkintheER.

D.Shewentskiing.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Didyoudoanythingovertheweekend?

M:Notmuch.Whatdidyoudo?

W:Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER.

Q:Whatdidthewomandoovertheweekend?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說:Ihadplannedtogoskiing.ButIwoundupworkingintheER(我本打算去滑雪,但不得不在設(shè)備間工作)。

12.填空題

[Attheairport]

A:Uh-oh!OurflighttoFrankfurthasbeen(1)till16:30.That’sthreehourslaterthanscheduled.

B:Yes,andit(2)thatwe’llmissourconnectingflighttoMadrid.Thisissoannoying!

Let’sgotalktotheairlinerepresentativesandseeifthereis(3)flighttoMadridthattheycanputuson.

【答案】delayed;means;another

【解析】句意:(在機(jī)場)

一一噢,我們到法蘭克福的飛機(jī)延遲到下午四點半了。這比原計劃要晚了三個小時。

__是的,這也就意味著我們將錯過飛往馬德里的轉(zhuǎn)接班機(jī)。這太讓人惱火了。我們過去問問航空公司代表,看現(xiàn)在是否有其它去馬德里的航班,能讓我們上。

1.語義題。根據(jù)后面的句意(這比原計劃要晚了三個小時)推測此處應(yīng)表示“延遲”,空前為hasbeen,所以填delay的過去分詞delayed。

2.語義題。第二空根據(jù)前面的場景可知前一班飛機(jī)的晚點也就“意味著”趕不上下一班飛機(jī),填means。

3.語義題。第三空是指向航空公司代表詢問現(xiàn)在是否有其它班次的航班可以乘坐,填another。

13.單選題

Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.Andcertaintywastobeproducedbyadeductivemodel:thecorrectactionswerederivablefromclassicalfirstprinciplesorahierarchicallyrankedpantheonofprinciples.Thismodel,though,isbankrupt.

Isuggestwethinkofethicsasanalogoustolanguageusage.Therearenounivocalrulesofgrammarandstylewhichuniquelydeterminethebestsentenceforaparticularsituation.Norislanguageusageuniversalizable.Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.

Thisshouldnotsurpriseusintheleast.Allintellectualpursuitsarerelativisticinjustthesesenses.Politicalscience,psychology,chemistryandphysicsarenotcertain,buttheyarenotsubjectiveeither.AsIseeit,ethicalinquiryproceedslikethis:wearetaughtmoralprinciplesbyparents,teachers,andsocietyatlarge.Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.Orwemayfindourselvesinexplicablymakingcertainvaluations,possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.Orwemayreflectuponourownandothers’“theories”orpatternsofbehavioranddecidetheyareinconsistent.Theresultingviewsare“tested”;weactaswethinkweshouldandevaluatetheconsequencesofthoseactionsonourselvesandonothers.Wetherebycorrectourmistakesinlightofthetestoftime.

Ofcoursepeoplemakedifferentmoraljudgments;ofcoursewecannotresolvethesedifferencesbyusingsomealgorithmwhichisitselfbeyondjudgment.Wehavenovantagepointoutsidehumanexperiencewherewecanjudgerightandwrong,goodandbad.Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.

Weareleftwithintherealworld,tryingtocopewithourselves,witheachother,withtheworld,andwithourownfallibility.Wedonothaveallthemoralanswers;nordowehaveanalgorithmtodiscernthoseanswers.Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.

Ifweunderstandethicsinthisway,wecansee,Ithink,therealvalueofethicaltheory.Somepeopletalkasifethicaltheoriesgiveusmoralprescriptions.Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.Notheoryprovidesasetofabstractsolutionstoapplystraightforwardly.Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.

21.Ethicalprinciplesaregenerallythoughttobe________.

22.Inwhatwayisethicssimilartolanguageuse?

23.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatwemaylearnmoralprinciples“thehardway”?

24.Itisimpliedinthetextthatarelativisticviewofethnics________.

25.Theauthorassertsthatthetruevalueofethicaltheoryliesin________.

問題1選項

A.explicitlyclear

B.implicitlyvague

C.certainbutnon-rational

D.relativebutnotsubjective

問題2選項

A.Bothhaverulestodeterminetheoptimalchoiceunderacircumstance.

B.Bothvaryaccordingtothecontexttheyareapplicableto.

C.Bothareobjective,notsubjective,entities.

D.Similarsetsofrulescanbeappliedinquitedifferentsituations.

問題3選項

A.Wereevaluateourpreviouslyheldbeliefsaswegrowolder.

B.Werefutesomemoralprinciplesonlyafterwefindtheminconsistent.

C.Weacquireasenseofrightandwrongfromreallifelessons.

D.Weactbyignoringourinheritedaltruistictendencies.

問題4選項

A.canonlybeacquiredafterreallifelessons

B.oftengenerateunacceptableconsequences

C.ismorematureandrational

D.istooabstracttobeofanypracticalvalue

問題5選項

A.itsprescriptivepower

B.itsdiagnosticfunction

C.itseffectivenessinresolvingmoraldilemmas

D.itsrelevancetothesituation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】21.實施細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.(我們假定道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要確定性的密封,否則它就是非理性的。),可知道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被視為非常明確,絕對,并且不是非理性的,A選項“明確清晰的”正確。B選項“隱隱約約,模糊”,C選項“確定但非理性”錯誤和D選項“相對但不主觀”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.(雖然一個句子或短語在某種情況下是正當(dāng)?shù)模@并不意味著它在類似的情況下自動適用。),可知道德和語言沒有固定和絕對的使用方法,而是要根據(jù)情況而定,也沒有特定情況,B選項“兩者都根據(jù)它們適用的背景而不同”正確,A選項“兩者都有在特定情況下決定最佳選擇的規(guī)則”錯誤。C選項“兩者都是客觀的,而不是主觀的實體”:根據(jù)第二段最后一句Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.(然而,語言的使用并不是主觀的。),作者說的然而,可知作者想要表達(dá)的是語言是客觀的,而道德不是客觀的,故錯誤。D選項“類似的規(guī)則可以應(yīng)用于相當(dāng)不同的情況”:沒有提到類似的規(guī)則的用法,屬于過度推斷,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

23.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.(我們可能會“吃了苦頭才明白”,有些行為會產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果。),行為產(chǎn)生后果,這里指的是在實際生活中檢驗對錯,B選項“我們駁斥一些道德原則,只是在我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們不一致之后”錯誤和C選項“我們從現(xiàn)實生活的教訓(xùn)中獲得對與錯的意識”正確。A選項“隨著年齡的增長,我們會重新評估以前持有的信念”:根據(jù)第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.(隨著年齡的增長,我們會接觸到不同的觀點。這些可能會引導(dǎo)我們重新評估目前持有的信念。),可知重新評估以前持有的信念和接觸不同觀點有關(guān),重新評估不是駁斥,故錯誤。D選項“我們通過忽視我們遺傳的利他主義傾向來行動”:根據(jù)第三段第七句possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.(這可能是因為遺傳的利他主義傾向。),可知并沒有忽視利他主義,故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.(但是我們也沒有一個有利的位置,讓我們成為哲學(xué)相對主義者。)和第五段最后一句Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.(我們也沒有確定語言正確用法的算法,但這并不會讓我們因為再也不能交流而絕望地舉手投降。),可知相對主義的觀念里,事情沒有固定的解決辦法,有時也會遇到困境,但是總體來說會積極面對,C選項“更加成熟和理性”正確。A選項“只有在真正的生活教訓(xùn)后才能獲得”:根據(jù)第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.(隨著年齡的增長,我們會接觸到不同的觀點。這些可能會引導(dǎo)我們重新評估目前持有的信念。),可知不同的觀點也會對此有幫助,故錯誤。B選項“經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果”:根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.(我們可能會“吃了苦頭才明白”,有些行為會產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果。),可知不可接受的后果由某些行為產(chǎn)生,與相對主義無關(guān),故錯誤。D選項“太抽象了,沒有任何實用價值”:根據(jù)第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.(倫理理論之所以重要,并不是因為它們解決了所有的道德困境,而是因為它們幫助我們注意到道德問題的顯著特征,并幫助我們在情境中理解這些問題。),可知相對主義在實際生活中有價值,故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

25.語義推測題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.(倫理理論之所以重要,并不是因為它們解決了所有的道德困境,而是因為它們幫助我們注意到道德問題的顯著特征,并幫助我們在情境中理解這些問題。),可知道德論的真正意義是幫助我們在情境中理解問題,不能直接解決問題,D選項“與情況的相關(guān)性”正確,C選項“解決道德困境的有效性”錯誤。A選項“指令權(quán)”和B選項“診斷功能”:根據(jù)第六段第三、四句Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.(他們認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該像使用膏藥一樣應(yīng)用倫理原則:診斷出食物后,我們使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆罅?。但這是一個錯誤。),可知道德論和藥不是一回事,診斷以后就可以開藥,故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

14.單選題

Hehasbeen()alotofpressureonmetochangemymind.

問題1選項

A.employing

B.exerting

C.endeavoring

D.aspiring

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。exertpressureon...表示“給……施加壓力”。句意:他對我施加了很大的壓力,要求我改變主意。結(jié)合句意,故B為正確答案。

15.翻譯題

1.上周四,世界觀察研究學(xué)會一年一度的“地球健康體檢”報告出爐。2005年,地球的森林砍伐量創(chuàng)歷史新高,這是該報告強(qiáng)調(diào)的眾多環(huán)境問題征兆之一。

該駐華盛頓智囊機(jī)構(gòu)在一份題為《地球生命征兆2007-2008》的報告中指出,從肉類消費量的不斷增長到亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等各種全球性態(tài)勢與氣候變化這一顯著問題都有關(guān)系。

“地球聲明征兆2007-2008”項目的負(fù)責(zé)人說,“我認(rèn)為氣候變化是人類有史以來所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)”。

在報告公布前,阿薩多利安在接受記者的電話采訪時說,2.“我們可以看到氣候變化中出現(xiàn)的眾多趨勢,比如,糧食生產(chǎn)受到洪澇災(zāi)害的影響;以及肉類生產(chǎn),據(jù)統(tǒng)計,家禽飼養(yǎng)過程中所產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體占溫室氣體總排放量的20%”。

阿薩多利安說,3.這份報告的主題是,二氧化碳排放及其他生態(tài)災(zāi)難引起氣候變化,“不可持續(xù)”的消費模式才是氣候變化的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

【答案】1.Morewoodwasremovedfromforestsin2005thaneverbefore,oneofmanytroublingenvironmentalsignshighlightedonThursdayintheWorldWatchInstitute’sannualcheckoftheplanet’shealth.

2.“Youseemanytrendsinclimatechange,whetherwearetalkingaboutgrainproductionwhichisaffectedbydroughtsandflooding,ormeatproductionaslivestockproductionmakesupabout20percentofgreenhousegasemissions.”

3.Thekeymessageofthereportwasthatunsustainableconsumptionpatternswereresponsibleforclimatechangelinkedtocarbonemissionsandotherecologicalwoes.

16.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問題1選項

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項intermsof“在……方面,就……而言”;B選項infavorof“贊成”;C選項inspiteof“不管,盡管”;D選項inplaceof“取代,代替”。句意:這個目標(biāo)是用莊稼,野草甚至是動物排泄物來()為絕大多數(shù)美國人生產(chǎn)活動提供動力的石油。人們使用莊稼等有機(jī)物很明顯是為了取代石油這種化學(xué)物來充當(dāng)燃料的,所以答案選D。

17.單選題

HehasnoincentivetomakepermanentimprovementinspokenEnglish.

問題1選項

A.abilityt

B.knowledget

C.opportunityt

D.motive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive表示“動機(jī),刺激”;A項ability“能力”,B項knowledge“知識”,C項opportunity“機(jī)會”,D項motive“動機(jī),目的”。句意:他沒有持續(xù)提高英語口語的動力。根據(jù)句意可知,該題選擇D項正確。

18.單選題

)excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoodshasseriousconsequencesashasbeenproved.

問題1選項

A.Theoretically

B.Presumably

C.Incredibly

D.Practically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項theoretically“理論地,理論上”;B選項presumably“據(jù)推測,很可能,大概”;C選項incredibly“極其,難以置信地”;D選項practically“實際上,幾乎,差不多”。由ashasbeenproved(如已證實的那樣)可知前面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是一種猜測比較符合邏輯,即證實推測。句意:據(jù)推測,過度食用油炸食品會造成嚴(yán)重后果,這已被證實。

19.單選題

Storesgivenpermissiontosellfireworksallyearwillneedalicensewhichlocalauthorities______willbeabletorefuseandifnecessary.

問題1選項

A.revolve

B.revolt

C.revoke

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項revolve“使……旋轉(zhuǎn)”,B項revolt“反抗”,C項revoke“撤回”,D項revive“使復(fù)興”。根據(jù)句子意思“獲得全年銷售煙花許可的商店將需要一份許可證,如果必要,地方當(dāng)局將有權(quán)……該許可證?!笨赏茰y,空格部分表示“吊銷,撤銷”,C項最符合。句意:獲得全年銷售煙花許可的商店將需要一份許可證,如果必要,地方當(dāng)局將有權(quán)吊銷該許可證。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

20.單選題

Itwasunfortunatethat,aftersotrouble-freeanarrival,heshouldstumbleinthedarkashewasrisingandseverelytwisthisankleonapieceofrock.Afterthefirstshockthepainbecamebearable,andhegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute,cuttingtheshorttwigsthathecouldfeelaroundhislegs,andspreadingthemontopoftheneedles.Hehadgreatdoubtsaboutwhetheritwouldstayburied,buttherewasverylittleelsethathecoulddoaboutit.

Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.Misthunginsoftsheetsacrossthefields.Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch,whosepointedtowerpointedhighintothecoldwinterairtowelcomethemorning.

“Ican’tgonofarther,”JohnHardingthought.“Someoneisboundtofindme,butwhatcanIdo?ImustgetarestbeforeIgoon.They’lllookformefirstupthereonthemountainwheretheplanecrashed.Ibetthey’reoutlookingforitalreadyandtheyareboundtofindtheparachuteintheend.Ican’tbelievetheywon’t.Sothey’llknowI’mnotdeadandmustbesomewhere.They’llthinkI’mhidingupthereinthetreesandrockssothey’lllookformethere.SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.”

Farabovehimonthemountainsidehecouldhearthefaintechoofvoices,startlinghimafterthegreatsilence.Lookinguphesawlightslikelittlepinpointsmovingacrossthefaceofthemountaininthegraylight.Buttheroadwasdeserted,andhestruggledalong,stillalmostinvisibleinthefirstlight,easinghisachingfootwheneverhecould,avoidingstonesandroughplaces,andlimpingquietlyandpainfullytowardsthevillage.Hereachedthechurchatlast.Agreatneedforpeacealmostdrewhiminside,butheknewthatwouldnotdo.Instead,helimpedalongitswallstowardsaveryoldbuildingstandingashortdistancefromthechurchdoors.Itseemedtohavebeenthereforever,asifithadgrownoutofthehillinside.Ithadthesameairoftimelessnessasthechurch.JohnHardingpushedopentheheavywoodendoorandslippedinside.

1.ItisknownfromthepassagethatJohnHardingwas_______.

2.JohnHardingfoundithardtohidehisparachutebecause_______.

3.Inspiteofhisbadankle,JohnHardingwasableto_______.

4.WhenJohnHardinggotoutoftheforest,hesawthat_______.

5.JohnHardingdecidedtogodowntothevillage_______.

問題1選項

A.anescapedprisoner

B.acriminalontherunfromthepolice

C.aspywhohadbeenhidinginthe

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