考研考博-英語-撫州幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-撫州幼兒師范高等專科學(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thesimplestanimalsarethosewhosebodiesaresimplestinstructureandwhichdothethingsdonebyalllivinganimals,suchaseating,breathing,movingandfeeling,inthemost（

）way.

問題1選項

A.bizarre

B.primitive

C.advantageous

D.unique

【答案】B

【解析】bizarre奇異的；primitive原始的,簡單的；advantageous有利的,有益的；unique獨一無二的。句意:最簡單的動物是那些身體結(jié)構(gòu)單一的動物,它們以最原始的方式做所有動物都做的事情,如吃、呼吸、活動和感知。選項B符合語境。

2.單選題

Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor,youmustbeableto（1）theattentionandinterestofyourstudents;youmustbea（2）speaker,withagood,strong,（3）voicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeableto（4）whatyouareteachinginordertomakeitsmeaningclear.（5）agoodteacherandyouwillseethathedoesnotsitstill（6）hisclass.Hestandsthewholetimewhenheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghis（7）,handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpressfeeling.Listentohim,andyouwill（8）theloudness,thequalityandthemusicalnoteofhisvoicealways（9）accordingtowhatheis（10）about.Thefactthatagoodteacherhassomeofthegiftsofagoodactordoesn’t（11）thathewillindeedbeabletoact（12）onthestage,forthereareveryimportant（13）betweentheteacher’sworkandtheactor’s.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythe（14）wordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart;（15）hismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusually（16）beforehand.Whathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseem（17）onthestage.

Agoodteacher（18）inquiteadifferentway.Hisstudentstakeanactivepartinhis（19）:theyaskandanswerquestions;theyobeyorders;andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theywillsayso.Theteacherthereforehastosuithisacttotheneedsofhisstudents.Hecannotlearnhispartbyhispartbyheart,butmust（20）itashegoesalong.

問題1選項

A.pay

B.hold

C.give

D.know

問題2選項

A.clear

B.slow

C.quick

D.loud

問題3選項

A.frightening

B.exciting

C.fearing

D.pleasing

問題4選項

A.act

B.talk

C.say

D.repeat

問題5選項

A.Listen

B.Watch

C.Look

D.Observe

問題6選項

A.for

B.behind

C.before

D.with

問題7選項

A.tongue

B.words

C.sound

D.arms

問題8選項

A.hear

B.see

C.think

D.guess

問題9選項

A.making

B.changing

C.expressing

D.giving

問題10選項

A.talking

B.thinking

C.hearing

D.saying

問題11選項

A.tell

B.express

C.show

D.mean

問題12選項

A.good

B.badly

C.well

D.actively

問題13選項

A.things

B.differences

C.points

D.jobs

問題14選項

A.different

B.same

C.above

D.following

問題15選項

A.just

B.never

C.ever

D.even

問題16選項

A.read

B.known

C.fixed

D.written

問題17選項

A.natural

B.real

C.false

D.teaches

問題18選項

A.is

B.has

C.works

D.teaches

問題19選項

A.group

B.party

C.class

D.play

問題20選項

A.invent

B.discover

C.teach

D.continue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:A

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。holdtheattentionofsb.表示“吸引某人的注意力”，故選B項。

第2題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項clear“清楚的；清澈的”；B選項slow“慢的；減速的；遲鈍的”；C選項quick“快的，迅速的；敏捷的”；D選項loud“大聲的，高聲的；不斷的”。由后面的“makeitsmeaningclear(將意思表達清楚)”可知A項符合句意。

第3題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項frightening“令人恐懼的，突然驚恐的”；B選項exciting“令人興奮的；使人激動的”；C選項fearing是動詞fear“害怕，擔(dān)心”的現(xiàn)在分詞；D選項pleasing“令人愉快的；討人喜歡的”。此處應(yīng)填形容詞修飾名詞voice，并且應(yīng)與“good,strong”并列，因此D項符合語境。

第4題:考查動詞辨析。A選項act“行動；表現(xiàn)；起作用；扮演”；B選項talk“說話；談?wù)摚徽勑摹?；C選項say“講；說明；例如；聲稱”；D選項repeat“重復(fù)”?？崭裉巹釉~的賓語是“whatyouareteaching(你所教授的內(nèi)容)”，而由第一句中的youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor（你需要具備一個好演員的一些天賦）可知A項正確。

第5題:考查動詞辨析。A選項Listen“聽，傾聽”；B選項Watch“觀察；注視；看守，指用眼睛跟隨某物，以便對每一個變化、運動等進行觀察”；C選項Look“看；期待；注意，側(cè)重短暫的看的動作，但并不一定能看見，有時用來喚起別人的注意”；D選項Observe“觀察；說；注意到，側(cè)重以客觀的態(tài)度觀察”?？崭裉巹釉~的賓語是“agoodteacher(一名好老師)”，因此B項正確。

第6題:空格處句意為：…她不是靜止地站在班級的…。由此可知，C項“在……前面”符合句意。

第7題:考查名詞辨析。由題干及選項可知空格處應(yīng)填入一個名詞，跟handsandfingers（手和手指）并列,因此D項“手臂”正確。

第8題:考查動詞辨析?？崭裉巹釉~的賓語是ofhisvoice（他的聲音），因此A項“聽見”正確。

第9題:考查動詞辨析。A選項make“使得；進行；布置”；B選項change“改變，轉(zhuǎn)變”；C選項express“表達；快遞”；D選項give“產(chǎn)生；讓步；舉辦”。句意：你將聽見他的聲音的大小、音質(zhì)及音符根據(jù)…一直…，這里應(yīng)表示“音符根據(jù)老師講課時的聲音有高低變化”，故B項符合句意。

第10題:考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，并應(yīng)與后面的about構(gòu)成搭配。因此A項符合句意跟搭配。talkabout表示“談?wù)?，講”。D項為干擾項，D項與about搭配也表示“說到，談及”，但不如A項正式。故選A。

第11題:考查固定搭配。doesnotmeanthat表示“不意味著”。

第12題:考查副詞辨析。A選項good“好的，優(yōu)良的”；B選項badly“非常，很；嚴重地”；C選項well“很好地；充分地”；D選項actively“積極地；活躍地”。句意：一個好的老師具有一個好的演員的一些天賦的事實不意味著他將確實能在舞臺上……扮演，因此C項符合句意。

第13題:考查名詞辨析。A選項things“事物”；B選項differences“偏差，差異”；C選項points“見解，目的”；D選項jobs“工作”。句意：老師與演員的工作有很重要的不同。因此B項符合句意。

第14題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項different“不同的；個別的，與眾不同的”；B選項same“相同的；同一的”；C選項above“前文述及的；上述的”；D選項following“其次的，接著的”。句意：每次他表演某一角色時，他（演員）不得不準確地重復(fù)…言語。因此，B項符合句意。

第15題:考查副詞辨析。此處是對前面“使用同樣言語”舉例的進一步舉例。因此D項“甚至”正確。

第16題:考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式。A選項read“閱讀；讀懂”；B選項know“知道；認識；懂得”；C選項fix“固定；確定”；D選項write“寫，書寫”。句意：他的動作和他使用他的聲音的方式經(jīng)常事先…。由此可知C項正確。

第17題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項natural“自然的；物質(zhì)的”；B選項real“實際的；真實的”；C選項false“錯誤的；虛偽的”；D選項teach“教；教授；教導(dǎo)”。句意：他不得不做的就是去比這些被認真學(xué)習(xí)的言語和動作在舞臺上看上去…。因此A項符合句意。

第18題:邏輯分析。由上一段的“theteacher’swork”對應(yīng)可知C項“工作”正確。

第19題:考查名詞辨析。A選項group“組；團體”；B選項party“政黨，黨派；聚會”；C選項class“階級；班級；種類”；D選項play“游戲；比賽；劇本”。此處將老師比喻成演員，因此D項正確。

第20題:考查動詞辨析。A選項invent“發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造；虛構(gòu)”；B選項discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺”；C選項teach“教；教授；教導(dǎo)”；D選項continue“繼續(xù)，延續(xù)；仍舊”。此處句意為：他不能熟記他的角色，而是一定要根據(jù)教學(xué)進展而…他的角色?？崭袂疤岬健氨仨氉屪约旱陌缪葸m應(yīng)學(xué)生的需要”可知A項正確。

3.單選題

Thatstoryyouhavejusttold______meofanexperienceIoncehad.

問題1選項

A.informs

B.recalls

C.reminds

D.refreshes

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項inform“通知，告訴”，B項recall“召回，回想起”，C項remind“提醒，使想起”，D項refresh“更新，恢復(fù)精神”。根據(jù)句子可知，remindsb.ofsth.固定搭配，表示“使某人想起某事”。句意：你剛才講的故事使我想起我曾經(jīng)有過的一次經(jīng)歷。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.單選題

Childrenvalueperceptivecomments,responsesandquestionsontheirwriting,buttheyquicklyseethrough（）approvalandgeneralizedfaintpraise.

問題1選項

A.pernicious

B.perfunctory

C.lethargic

D.phlegmatic

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。pernicious“有害的”；perfunctory“敷衍的”；lethargic“昏睡的，無生氣的”；phlegmatic“冷淡的，遲鈍的”。句意：孩子們重視他們寫作中具有洞察力的評論、回答和問題，但是他們能迅速區(qū)分敷衍的意見和普通的贊美。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Ifonlythecommittee（

）theregulationandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

問題1選項

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，此處是對將來的虛擬，因此謂語動詞用would/should/could/+動詞原形，選D。句意：如果委員會能批準這項條例并盡快付諸實施就好了。

6.單選題

“ShallItellAnnhowtoimproveherpainting?”

“Yes，but（）ofsuggestionsmaydiscourageher.”

問題1選項

A.alisttoolong

B.toolongalist

C.atoolonglist

D.alistoftoolong

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。因為空格后面緊跟的ofsuggestions“……的建議”，所以名詞list要放在詞組最后，即listofsuggestions，因此可以排除A，D選項。too+adj.作定語修飾名詞，而放在名詞前語序為：too+adj.+（限定詞）+noun?；蛘邔⑵浞旁诿~后語序是：（限定詞）+noun+too+adj，所以C選項的語序不對，可排除。句意：我要告訴安如何改進她的畫嗎？可以，但是太多的建議可能會讓她氣餒。因此B選項符合題意。

7.單選題

OnJanuary,11th,2009,aremarkablelegalcaseopensinaSanFranciscocourtroom—onitsway,itseemsalmostcertain,totheSupremeCourt.Perryv.SchwarzeneggerchallengestheconstitutionalityofProposition8,theCaliforniareferendumthat,inNovember,2008,overturnedaStateSupremeCourtdecisionallowingsame-sexcouplestomarry.Itsleadlawyersareunlikelyallies:TheodoreB.Olson,theformersolicitorgeneralunderPresidentGeorgeW.Bush,andaprominentconservative;andDavidBoies,theDemocratictriallawyerwhowashisopposingcounselinBushv.Gore.Thetwoaremountinganambitiouscasethatpointedlycircumventstheincremental,narrowlycraftedlegalgambitsandthecarefulstate-by-statestrategythatleadinggay-rightsorganizationshavechampionedinthefightformarriageequality.TheOlsonBoiesteamhopesforarulingthatwilltransformthelegalandsociallandscapenationwide,somethingontheorderofBrownv.BoardofEducationin1954,orLovingv.Virginiathelandmark1967SupremeCourtrulingthatinvalidatedlawsprohibitinginterracialmarriage.

Olson’sinterestinthiscasehaspuzzledquiteafewpeople.What’sinitforhim?Ishesincere?DoeshereallythinkhecanswaythecurrentCourse?ButwhenIspokewithOlson,whoissixty-nine,inearlyDecember,hesoundedconfidentandimpassioned;thecaseclearlyfascinatedhimbothasanintellectualchallengeandasawaytomakehistory.“Thelovingcasewasforty-twoyearsago.”hesaid,perchedontheedgeofhischairinthelawofficesofGibson,Dunn&CrutcherinWashingtonDC,whereheisapartner,“It’sinconceivabletoustheredaystosaythatacoupleofadifferentracialbackgroundcan’tgetmarried.”O(jiān)lsonworeabrightlystripedshirtandapaisleytie,withoutajacket;therewassomethingfolksyinhisspeech,whichremindedmethathe’saWesterner,whogrewupandwaseducatedinNorthernCalifornia.Hesaid,“Separateisnotequal.Civilunionsanddomesticpartnershipsarenotthesameasmarriage.We’renotinventinganynewright,orcreatinganewright,oraskingthecourtstorecognizeanewright.TheSupremeCourthassaidoverandoverandoveragainthatmarriagesisafundamentalrightandalthoughouropponentssay,‘Well,that’salwaysbeeninvolvingamanandawoman.’WhentheSupremeCourthastalkedaboutitthey’vesaidit’sanassociationalright,it’salibertyright,it’saprivacyright,andit’sanexpressionofyouridentity,whichisallwrappedupintheConstitution.”TheJusticesoftheSupremeCourt,Olsonsaid,“areindividualswhowillconsiderthisseriously,andgiveitgoodattention,”andhewasoptimisticthathecouldpersuadethem.(ThelosingsideinSanFranciscowilllikelyappealtotheNinthCircuit,andfromtherethecasecouldproceedtotheSupremeCourt.)Olson’sself-assurancehasasoundbasis:hehasarguedfifty-sixcasesbeforethehighcourt—hewasoneofthebusiestlawyersbeforetheSupremeCourtbenchlastyear—andprevailedinforty-fourofthem.JusticesSandraDayO’ConnorandAnthonyKennedyattendedhisweddingthreeyearsago,inNapa.Olsonsaidthathewantedthegay-marriagecasetobea“teachingopportunity,sopeoplewilllistentoustalkabouttheimportanceoftreatingpeoplewithdignityandrespectandequalityandaffectionandloveandtostopdiscriminatingagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation”.

IfthePerrycasesucceedsbeforetheSupremeCourt,itcouldmeanthatgaymarriagewouldbepermittednotonlyinCaliforniabutineverystate.And,iftheCourtrecognizedhomosexualsasindistinguishablefromheterosexualsforthepurposesofmarriagelaw,itwouldbehard,ifnotimpossible,toupholdanyotherlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation.

However,alossforOlsonandBoiescouldbeamajorsetbacktothemovementformarriageequality.SoonafterOlsonandBoiesfiledthecase,lastMay,someleadinggay-rightsorganizations—amongthemtheA.C.L.U.,HumanRightsCampaign,LambdaLegal,andtheNationalCenterforlesbianRights—issuedastatementcondemningsuchefforts.Theoddsofsuccessforasuitweren’tgood,thegroupssaid,becausethe“SupremeCourttypicallydoesnotgettoofaraheadofeitherpublicopinionorthelawinthemajorityofstates.”Thelegalprecedentthatthesegroupswerefocusedonwasn’tLovingv.Virginiabut,rather,Bowersv.Hardwick,the1936SupremeCourtdecisionthatstunnedgay-rightsadvocatesbyupholdingGeorgia’santiquatedlawagainstsodomy.ItwasseventeenyearsbeforetheCourtwaswillingtorevisittheissue,inLawrencev.Texas,thoughbythenonlythirteenstatesstillhadanti-sodomystatutes;thistime,theCourtoverturnedthelaws,witha6-3voteandanacerbicdissentfromJusticeAntoninScalia,whodeclaredthattheCourthadaligneditselfwiththe“homosexualagenda,”adding,“ManyAmericansdonotwantpersonswhoopenlyengageinhomosexualconductaspartnersintheirbusiness,asscoutmastersfortheirchildren,asteachersintheirchildren’sschools,orasboardersintheirhome.Theyviewthisasprotectingthemselvesandtheirfamiliesfromalifestylethattheybelievetobeimmoralanddestructive.”

Seventeenyearswasalongtimetowait.“Alossnowmaymakeithardertogotocourtlater,”theactivists’statementread.“ItwilltakeusalotlongertogetagoodSupremeCourtdecisioniftheCourthastooverruleitself.”Besides,thegroupsargued,“WelosttherighttomarryinCaliforniaattheballotbox.That’swhereweneedtowinitback.”Plentyofgay-marriagesupportersagreedthatitwassmartertowaituntilthemovementhadbeensuccessfulinmorestates—and,possibly,thecompositionoftheSupremeCourthadshifted.(DuringthelastyearofasecondObamaterm,Scaliawouldbeeighty-one.)

1.ThefirstsentenceofParagraph1means（）.

2.Theword“unlikely”inthesentence“ItsleadlawyersareunlikelyalliesofParagraph1means（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Someleadinggay-rightsorganizationsdidnotsupportthecasebecause（）.

5.Themostsuitabletitleofthepassagewouldbe（）

問題1選項

A.theSanFranciscocourtcannotmakethefinaldecision

B.onlytheSupremeCourthastheauthoritytorulefororagainstthecase

C.it’sveryhardtowinthecaseforsame-sexmarriageintheSanFranciscocourtandprobablytheywouldhavetofieldthecaseintheSupremeCourt

D.theywouldcertainlywinthecaseforsame-sexmarriageintheSupremeCourt

問題2選項

A.dissimilar

B.unreliable

C.unimaginable

D.unthinkable

問題3選項

A.Theodore

B.OlsonwasconfidentaboutthecasebecausetheSupremeCourtonceinvalidatedlawsprohibitinginterracialmarriage.B.TheSupremeCourthassaidoverandoverandoveragainthatmarriageisafundamentalright，whichshouldberespected.

C.Therightforsame-sexmarriagehasbeenwoninotherstatesexceptforCalifornia.

D.Thereareotherlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation.

問題4選項

A.itwasimpossibletowinthecase

B.theywouldhavetowaitforlongerifthecasewaslostthistimeasit’shardforthesupremeCourttooverruleitself

C.theydidnotbelievetheabilityoftheleadinglawyers

D.unlikeinterracialmarriageit’shardertogetsupportforsame-sexmarriage?

問題5選項

A.ARiskyProposal

B.GayMarriageNo

C.AmonumentalMovement

D.FightforEqualRights

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第一段第一句提到同性婚姻的案件很有可能（almostcertain）提交到最高法院,說明之前這類的案件在下一級的法庭審理過，但是沒有勝訴。所以選項C符合題意。

第2題:參與此案件的兩位律師TheodoreB.Olson和DavidBoies分別是共和黨和民主黨派人士，按照常理來推斷這兩位政見完全不同的人是不可能為了同一個目的而統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的，所以用了unlikely來說明這個組合是多么讓人難以想象。選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段第一句IfthePerrycasesucceedsbeforetheSupremeCourt,itcouldmeanthatgaymarriagewouldbepermittednotonlyinCaliforniabutineverystate提到同性結(jié)婚只有在加利福尼亞是合法的，在其他州還沒有合法，選項C符合題意。

第4題:文章倒數(shù)第二段Theoddsofsuccessforasuitweren’tgood,thegroupssaid,becausethe“SupremeCourttypicallydoesnotgettoofaraheadofeitherpublicopinionorthelawinthemajorityofstates.”提到這些支持同性戀的機構(gòu)認為這次訴訟的勝算很小，因為最高法院會尊重大眾的意見和大部分州的意見，所以選項B符合題意。

第5題:文章主要講述了各方，包括律師、同性戀組織等對這次案件勝算的預(yù)計，盡管以O(shè)lson為代表的律師對這次案件很有信心，但是從后文可以看出這是場有風(fēng)險的訴訟，所以選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Shegotveryangryand（

）herclothesaboutintheroom.

問題1選項

A.flung

B.flew

C.clamped

D.clashed

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:她很生氣，把衣服扔的房間里到處都是。

fling(尤指生氣地)扔，擲，拋，丟;猛動(身體或身體部位);粗暴地(向某人)說;氣勢洶洶地(對某人)說。clamp夾住，固定;緊緊抓住;緊夾住;被抓住;被夾緊;用夾鎖鎖住(車)。clash打斗;沖突;比賽;(公開地)爭論。

9.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問題1選項

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項intermsof“在……方面，就……而言”；B選項infavorof“贊成”；C選項inspiteof“不管，盡管”；D選項inplaceof“取代，代替”。句意：這個目標是用莊稼，野草甚至是動物排泄物來（）為絕大多數(shù)美國人生產(chǎn)活動提供動力的石油。人們使用莊稼等有機物很明顯是為了取代石油這種化學(xué)物來充當(dāng)燃料的，所以答案選D。

10.單選題

Hesaiditwasimportanttoputinthehours,butitwasnotjustthehoursthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.affected

B.counted

C.focused

D.faltered

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。affect“影響，感染，感動”；count“計算，認為，起作用，值得考慮”；focus“使集中，使聚焦”；falter“支吾地說，畏縮，蹣跚”。根據(jù)句意‘他說，投入時間是重要的，但是（

）不只是時間?！_定B選項count“起作用”正確。

11.單選題

Theaddictivenatureofonlinegamblinghasforcedmany______garnerstoseektreatment.

問題1選項

A.sedative

B.fortified

C.compulsive

D.impulsive

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項sedative“鎮(zhèn)靜劑”；B選項fortified“（在物質(zhì)或精神上）加強”；C選項compulsive“欲罷不能的”；D選項impulsive“易沖動的”。句意：在線賭博成癮的基本特征迫使許多______的賭徒尋求治療。這里的賭徒對賭博上癮，不能控制自己停下賭博，C選項compulsive“欲罷不能的”形容他們符合題意。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Aftershepulledovertothesideoftheroad,Lindaraisedthehoodofhercar（

）theymightmakesurethatotherdriversknewshehadcartrouble.

問題1選項

A.incase

B.withpurpose

C.oncondition

D.sothat

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。incase萬一；假使；withpurpose帶著目的地；oncondition只要；如果；sothat以便；所以。句意：把車停在路邊后，Linda升起了自己汽車的引擎蓋，以確保讓其他駕駛員知道她的車出了問題。theymightmakesurethatotherdriversknewshehadcartrouble.這是一個結(jié)果狀語從句，故用sothat引導(dǎo)。

13.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards——whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitforme’hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalamentforsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問題1選項

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問題2選項

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問題3選項

A.Greatmobility.

B.Concernforone’sneighbors.

C.Emphasisonindividualeffort

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.

問題4選項

A.wassomethingunheardof

B.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

C.attractedalotofpublicattention

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問題5選項

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.”由此可知,Elshtain教授很高興看到大多數(shù)美國人開始認識到社會道德標準的下降。選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)到第三段的二、三句,“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.”美國社會的物質(zhì)主義和個人主義是最大的障礙。選項B以自我為中心的個人主義思想，符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句話,“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother.”可知，選項B正確。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“1950”定位到第三段第二句話,“DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.”“unheardofinthe1950s”指在1950年代聞所未聞，由此說明1950年代不存在校園暴力。選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Elshtain¤tmoraldecline”定位到最后一段的第一句話“Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety.”除非人們找到對抗社會物質(zhì)主義的方法，否則道德滑坡是不會逆轉(zhuǎn)的。由此可見,當(dāng)人們減少對物質(zhì)的追求時,道德水準的下降趨勢可能得以扭轉(zhuǎn)。選項D符合原文。

14.不定項選擇題

Astrophysicistsstudyingthestructureoftheuniversehavefoundnewevidenceforsomethingtheywerebeginningtosuspectwithincreasingconvictioninrecentyears—theexistenceofamysterious,repulsiveforcethatappearstobeacceleratingtheexpansionoftheuniverse.Astronomershavegiventhishypotheticalnewforceanintriguingname.Theyhavelabeleditthe“darkforce”,inalllikelihoodbecauseithasremainedhiddenfromobservationuntilnow.Forthatmatter,itstillremainshiddentodirectdetection.

Thattheuniversewasexpandinghasbeenknownformanydecades.But,withonenotableandfamouslyreluctantexception,itoccurredtonooneuntilmuchmorerecentlythattheexpansionmight,insteadofbeingslowedbythemutualgravitationalattractionofallthemattertheuniversecontains,actuallybeaccelerating.ThisunexpectedrevelationwasmadepossibleinpartbythereleaseofadetailedmapofthecosmologicalmicrowavebackgroundmadebyasatellitecalledtheWilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe.Researcherscomparedthatdatawiththepositionofmillionsofgalaxiesalreadychartedbyanotherproject—theongoingSloanDigitalSkySurvey,anambitiouslong-termefforttomapeverydetectableobjectinaverylargesectionofthesky.

Bycombiningandanalyzingthesetwoastronomicaldatabases,itwaspossibletodetectsomethingforwhichitisdifficulttodevise,anappropriatelydescriptiveanalogy,butwhichisbeingreferredtoasakingofshadowthrownbythedarkenergyagainstthebackdropofthecosmicmicrowaveradiation—theremnantsoftheenergyleftbytheBigBangthatsillpermeatetheuniverse.Evencallingitashadowisawoefullyinappropriateandactuallyquitemisleadingdescriptionbecausewhatastronomersaredetectingisinfactmoreluminousthanitssurroundings.

Theavailabilityofthetwodatabasesallowedcomparisonoftheenergyofphotonsthatpassedthroughregionsofspacethatwerecrowdedwithgalaxieswith,that