考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)厚博學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)厚博學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct.Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.

Membershipinthemwascommonlyrestrictedtoafewprivilegedfamilies.Besides,theyweresocompletelychokedbytraditionthattheywereunabletomakeadjustmentstochangingconditions.Moreover,newindustrieshadsprungupentirelyoutsidetheguildsystem.Characteristicexampleswereminingandsmeltingandthewoolenindustry.Therapiddevelopmentoftheseenterpriseswasstimulatedbytechnicaladvances,suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.Intheminingandsmeltingindustriesaformoforganizationwasadoptedsimilartothatwhichhasprevailedeversince.

ButthemosttypicalformofindustrialproductionintheCommercialRevolutionwasthedomesticsystem,developedfirstofallinthewoolenindustry.Thedomesticsystemderivesitsnamefromthefactthattheworkwasdoneinthehomesofindustrialartisansinsteadofintheshopofamastercraftsman.Sincethevariousjobsinthemanufactureofaproductweregivenoutoncontract,thesystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic.Therawmaterialwaspurchasedbyanentrepreneurandassignedtoindividualworker,eachofwhomwouldcompletehisallottedtaskforastipulatedpayment.Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers,fillers,anddyerinsuccession.Whentheclothwasfinallyfinished,itwouldbetakenbytheclothierandsoldintheopenmarketforthehighestpriceitwouldbring.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangesdidtheCommercialRevolutionbringabout?

2.Theword“defunct”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,inwhichareawasitmoreenergy-effective?

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Methodsofproduction.

B.Appearanceofcraftguilds.

C.Increasedtradevolume.

D.Growthoftrade,bankingandmethodsofproduction.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.obsolete

C.potential

D.extensive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smeltingindustry

B.Miningindustry

C.Banking

D.Weaving

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theguildsystemwasmoreefficient

B.thedomesticsystemwascapitalistic

C.thetechnicaladvancestimulatedtheguildsystem

D.thedomesticsystemwasnotasefficientastheguildsystem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Technicaladvancesstimulatedthedevelopmentofenterprises.

B.Inthewoolenindustry,weaverswouldpassontheirproductstospinners.

C.Thedomesticsystemisalsoknownastheputtingoutsystem.

D.Theword“clothier”issynonymousto“entrepreneur”inthiscontext.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，商業(yè)革命帶來(lái)了哪些變化？選項(xiàng)A“生產(chǎn)方式”；選項(xiàng)B“手工業(yè)工會(huì)的出現(xiàn)”；選項(xiàng)C“貿(mào)易量的增加”；選項(xiàng)D“貿(mào)易，銀行和生產(chǎn)方式的進(jìn)步”，根據(jù)第一段第一句的內(nèi)容“TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamentalchangesinmethodsofproduction.當(dāng)然，商業(yè)革命沒(méi)有限制貿(mào)易和銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展。它還帶來(lái)了生產(chǎn)方式的根本性變化”，所以商業(yè)革命的影響包括兩方面的內(nèi)容，選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B表達(dá)的都正確，但是只是一部分的影響，不全面，所以可以排除；選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

第2題:詞義辨析題。第一段中“defunct”這個(gè)單詞大概的意思是，popular“流行的”；obsolete“廢棄的，已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)的”；potential“潛在的；有潛力的”；extensive“廣泛的”，我們可以根據(jù)下文來(lái)猜測(cè)這個(gè)單詞的含義，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Theguildsthemselves,dominatedbythemastermen,hadgrownselfishandexclusive.工會(huì)本身被精通技術(shù)的人主導(dǎo)，變得自私和排他”，這句話是對(duì)“defunct”所在句“ThesystemofmanufacturedevelopedbythecraftguildsinthelaterMiddleAgeswasrapidlybecomingdefunct”中世紀(jì)晚期，由手工工會(huì)發(fā)展而來(lái)的制造業(yè)迅速地變得“defunct”的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思應(yīng)該是obsolete，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，哪個(gè)地方的能源利用最高效？選項(xiàng)A“冶煉行業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)B“煤礦業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)C“銀行業(yè)”；選項(xiàng)D“紡織業(yè)”；根據(jù)文章第二段中“suchastheinventionofthespinningwheelandthediscoveryofawinemethodofmakingbrass,whichaskedabouthalfofthefuelpreviouslyused.如轉(zhuǎn)輪的發(fā)明和葡萄酒生產(chǎn)銅的方法，它們只需要以前大約一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，在冶煉行業(yè)能源的使用變得十分的高效,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。作者暗示什么，選項(xiàng)A“工會(huì)制度更加高效”；選項(xiàng)B“家庭手工制是資本主義”；選項(xiàng)C“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了工會(huì)制度”；選項(xiàng)D“家庭手工制不如工會(huì)制度那么有效率”，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Notwithstandingthepettyscaleofproduction,theorganizationwasbasicallycapitalistic盡管生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，組織基本上是資本主義”，可知家庭手工制是資本主義，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，以下哪個(gè)陳述是不對(duì)的？選項(xiàng)A“技術(shù)進(jìn)步刺激了企業(yè)的發(fā)展”；選項(xiàng)B“在羊毛工業(yè)中，織布工可以把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工”；選項(xiàng)C“家庭手工業(yè)也稱為散工制”；選項(xiàng)D在這篇文章中，“呢絨商”是“企業(yè)家”的代名詞，根據(jù)文章第三段中“Inthecaseofthewoolenindustrytheyarnwouldbegivenoutfirstofalltothespinners,thentotheweavers…羊毛產(chǎn)業(yè)的紗線會(huì)首先給紡紗工，然后傳遞給織布工”，可知并非織布工把產(chǎn)品傳遞給紡紗工，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

2.翻譯題

從全職工作過(guò)渡到完全休閑可能是我們一生中最大的轉(zhuǎn)變之一。很多成功的退休者都提到他們從退休以后的各種活動(dòng)中感覺(jué)到更大程度的自我價(jià)值感。他們不用再忍受?chē)?yán)酷或有害健康的工作環(huán)境。他們不再需要把精力放在職位的升遷或財(cái)富的獲取上。擁有毅力和幽默感，退休生活就可能成為你一生中最幸福的階段之一。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish

【答案】Itisoneofthebiggesttransitiontotransferfromthefull-timejobtototalleisureinourlives.Manysuccessfulretireessaythattheycanmakegreatsenseofself-worththroughvariousactivitiesforretirement.Theydon'tbearhardorharmfulworkingenvironmentsanymore.Andtheydon'tneedtodevotetheirenergytopromotionandwealthacquirement.Withperseveranceandhumor,retiredlifewillbecomeoneofthehappiestperiodsinyourlives.

3.單選題

Atthebeginningofthissemester,ourEnglishteacher（）alistofbooksforustoread.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedon

B.fishedout

C.handedin

D.madeout

【答案】D

【解析】passedon傳遞,

通過(guò),

去世；fishedout摸索出；handedin上交,

呈送；madeout說(shuō)明,

填寫(xiě),

理解。句意：新學(xué)期開(kāi)始的時(shí)候,

我們的英語(yǔ)老師就列出了需要我們讀的書(shū)的清單。madeoutalistof...指列出...的清單,

選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Owingtoan（）lackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alien

B.obscure

C.acute

D.elaborate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題：alien"外國(guó)的,陌生的";obscure"隱蔽的,模糊不清的";acute"敏銳的;劇烈的;急性的";elaborate"復(fù)雜的,精心制作的"。句意：由于嚴(yán)重缺乏供給低收人者的住房，市政府對(duì)面臨嚴(yán)重的住房問(wèn)題感到尷尬。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Thediplomaticcrisishasbeen（）bythebreakdownofthetalksbetweentheleadersofthetwonations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withhold

B.nurtured

C.cultivated

D.approached

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)withhold“保留，克制”；B選項(xiàng)nurtured“培育，養(yǎng)育”；C選項(xiàng)cultivated“發(fā)展，耕作，教化”；D選項(xiàng)approached“接近，靠近”。句意：外交危機(jī)靠近是由于兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的談判破裂而引起的。兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間談判失敗是導(dǎo)致外交危機(jī)的原因，那么外交危機(jī)就更接近了，選擇D選項(xiàng)approached“接近，靠近”意思正確。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone.Holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifyingqualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】現(xiàn)在度假比以前更有必要，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在一般人的生活不再像以前那樣豐富多彩，而且變得越來(lái)越單調(diào)。我想原始人肯定不理解我們現(xiàn)在所想的休假。當(dāng)然，某種方式的休息一直是人類生活節(jié)奏的一部分，但社會(huì)早期并不認(rèn)為有必要像現(xiàn)代人那樣安排休假。節(jié)日足以滿足人們的需要。

隨著現(xiàn)代人的情緒日益緊張，加之工作要求高，強(qiáng)度大，所以在一年的日常工作中進(jìn)行休假變得越來(lái)越有必要。休假成為調(diào)節(jié)和修整心態(tài)的必要手段。因此，在美國(guó)這個(gè)最緊張單調(diào)的國(guó)家里，度假已經(jīng)成為家庭閑談的主要話題。

7.單選題

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“attention”，意為注意力，關(guān)心；B選項(xiàng)“heed”，意為“注意，聽(tīng)從”；C選項(xiàng)“grief”，意為“悲痛，憂傷”；D選項(xiàng)“tribute”意為“致敬，悼念”，句意：總統(tǒng)向滅火的消防隊(duì)員致敬，稱贊他們的勇敢拯救了無(wú)數(shù)生命。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Wetriedtosettletheproblemwiththemassoonaspossible,buttheyseemedto（）sincerity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lackof

B.belackof

C.lackin

D.belackingin

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。seem的用法為“主語(yǔ)+seem+（tobe）+表語(yǔ)”，表語(yǔ)多為名詞或形容詞，有時(shí)是其他的詞或短語(yǔ)，以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)，所以排除A、C選項(xiàng)；lackof“沒(méi)有；不夠；缺乏；不足”，經(jīng)常和for或becauseof連用；lack還可以用“現(xiàn)在分詞”的形式組成一個(gè)慣用句型belackingin來(lái)表示“欠缺、特點(diǎn)等”，該句型中介詞in不可省略。句意：我們?cè)噲D盡快和他們解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但他們似乎缺乏誠(chéng)意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

“Morehaste,lessspeed”issayingtwooppositethings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aneppe

B.aquest

C.aparadox

D.aclue

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。oppositethings表示“相反的事情”；A項(xiàng)eppe“擊劍運(yùn)動(dòng)用的重劍”，B項(xiàng)quest“追求”，C項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論”，D項(xiàng)clue“線索”。句意：“欲速則不達(dá)”是兩種截然相反的說(shuō)法。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Nearlyathirdofparentssaytheyfeel（）intotheirhomesbutcannotaffordtomovetoabiggerproperty,areportrevealstoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.squealed

B.squeezed

C.squared

D.sneezed

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析?？崭袂笆莊eel，因此空格處應(yīng)填形容詞。squealed“大聲尖叫的”；persistent”固執(zhí)的；堅(jiān)持的“；squeezed”擠壓的，擁擠的“；squared”方格的“。句意：今日公布的一份報(bào)告顯示，近三分之一的父母表示，他們覺(jué)得自己的家……，但卻買(mǎi)不起更大的房子。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Thetyrannicalrulingandheavytaxation______strongresentmentfromtheoppressed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspired

B.horrified

C.diminished

D.nourished

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inspire“喚起，激起（感覺(jué)或情感）”，B項(xiàng)horrify“使恐懼”，C項(xiàng)diminish“減少，削弱，貶低”，D項(xiàng)nourish“培育，滋養(yǎng)”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞strongresentment“強(qiáng)烈怨恨”可知，空格處應(yīng)該填A(yù)項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：暴政和重稅激起了被壓迫人民的強(qiáng)烈不滿。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,underdeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupassavage,underdevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansioneitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

1.Theauthorsaysthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have______.

3.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nowheretoday

B.amongtheAustralianaborigines

C.amongEasterncultures

D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

B.theirownsoundpatterns

C.anabilitytotransferideas

D.grammaticalstructures

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

B.alllanguagescomefromgruntsandgroans

C.thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D.thereisnohierarchyoflanguages32.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B.Thestudyoflanguageshasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.

C.Thestudyoflanguagesisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者說(shuō)，咕噥和呻吟的語(yǔ)言形式可以在……中找到”。根據(jù)第三段中的第二句Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.（雖然語(yǔ)言一般來(lái)說(shuō)可能是從一系列的咕噥和呻吟開(kāi)始的，但對(duì)“落后”語(yǔ)言的研究確立了這一事實(shí)，那就是如今沒(méi)有哪種口語(yǔ)能與此描述相符）可知，咕噥和呻吟的語(yǔ)言形式在如今是找不到了，A項(xiàng)“在如今無(wú)處可尋”正確；B項(xiàng)“澳大利亞土著居民中”和C項(xiàng)“在東方文化中”文中都沒(méi)有提及；D項(xiàng)“在說(shuō)‘落后’語(yǔ)言的人中”，文中提到對(duì)“落后”語(yǔ)言的研究確立了“如今沒(méi)有哪種口語(yǔ)能與此描述相符”這一事實(shí)，所以咕噥和呻吟的語(yǔ)言形式在說(shuō)‘落后’語(yǔ)言的人中也不會(huì)找到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為，無(wú)論文明與否，語(yǔ)言都有……”。根據(jù)第三段中的Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers…Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansioneitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.（以我們最嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看，未開(kāi)化群體的大多數(shù)語(yǔ)言都是極其復(fù)雜、精巧和巧妙的傳遞思想的機(jī)器。它們落后于我們的西方語(yǔ)言，不是在這些通常足以滿足所有的語(yǔ)言需求的發(fā)音模式或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上，而是在它們的詞匯上，這些詞匯反映了說(shuō)話者所知道的對(duì)象和活動(dòng)……所有的語(yǔ)言似乎都擁有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的機(jī)制，要么把現(xiàn)有的詞匯組合在一起，要么從其他語(yǔ)言中借用它們，并將它們適應(yīng)于自己的系統(tǒng)。）可知，無(wú)論文明與否，語(yǔ)言擁有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的機(jī)制，A項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大詞匯量的潛力”符合題意；由此也可知，B項(xiàng)“它們自己的發(fā)音模式”和D項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”不正確；C項(xiàng)“傳遞思想的能力”為干擾項(xiàng)，語(yǔ)言雖然是傳遞思想的一種方式，但是詞匯才是反映說(shuō)話者所知道的對(duì)象和活動(dòng)，這是以詞匯為前提的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者說(shuō)，專業(yè)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)識(shí)到……”。根據(jù)文章第二段Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.（對(duì)于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，一種文化并不比另一種文化有內(nèi)在的優(yōu)越性，就像對(duì)于專業(yè)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)言之間沒(méi)有內(nèi)在的等級(jí)制度一樣）可知，D項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言的等級(jí)制度”符合題意；由此也可知C項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言的層次體系很難理解”是錯(cuò)誤的；A項(xiàng)“西方語(yǔ)言優(yōu)于東方語(yǔ)言”，文中沒(méi)有提到東方語(yǔ)言；B項(xiàng)“所有的語(yǔ)言都來(lái)自咕噥和呻吟”表述太絕對(duì)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示了下列哪一項(xiàng)？”。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.（對(duì)語(yǔ)言的研究反過(guò)來(lái)又為人類學(xué)家的這一主張?zhí)峁┝诵碌慕忉?，即所有的文化都可以?dú)立看待，沒(méi)有等級(jí)和等級(jí)觀念）可以推斷，關(guān)于人類學(xué)家主張的文化沒(méi)有等級(jí)觀念的這一觀點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)言的研究提供了新的解釋，所以B項(xiàng)“對(duì)語(yǔ)言的研究加強(qiáng)了人類學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，即文化之間不存在等級(jí)制度”是正確的；A項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言研究敗壞了人類學(xué)研究的聲譽(yù)”和C項(xiàng)“研究語(yǔ)言就像研究人類學(xué)家一樣”不能從文中找出相關(guān)信息；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)語(yǔ)言的研究使人們對(duì)人類學(xué)家的主張有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)”是文中有的信息，并不需要從文章中推斷出來(lái)，所以不符合題意。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

PeoplewholettheirdogssleepwiththemorallowthemtolicktheirfacesarenomorelikelythanotherdogownerstohavethesamestrainsofE.colibacteriaastheirdogs,aKansasStateUniversityveterinarianreports.

Dr.KateStenske,aclinicalassistantprofessorattheuniversity’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,saidit’sknownthatdiseasescanbesharedbetweendogsandpeopleandthatabout75percentofemergingdiseasesaretransferrablebetweenhumansandotheranimals.

ShedecidedtofocusonE.coli,whichiscommoninthegastrointestinaltractsofbothhumansanddogs.

Forthestudy,Stenskeanalyzedfecalsamplesfromdogsandtheirowners.Shefoundthat10percentofhuman-dogpairshadthesameE.colistrainsandthatthesestrainsweremoreresistanttocommonantibioticsthanexpected.However,ownershadmoremultipledrug-resistantstainsthantheirdogs.

“Thismakesusthinkthatdogsarenotlikelytospreadmultipledrug-resistantE.colitotheirowners,butperhapsmayspreadthemtotheirdogs,”Stenskesaidinauniversitynewsrelease.“Whatwelearnfromthisisthatantibioticsreallydoaffectthebacteriawithinourgastrointestinaltract,andweshouldonlytakethemwhenwereallyneedto—andalwaysfinishtheentireprescriptionasdirected.”

TherewasnoevidencethatownerswhosleepwiththeirdogorallowfacelickingweremorelikelytohavesharedstrainsofE.coli,accordingtothestudy,whichwasexpectedtobepublishedinanupcomingissueoftheAmericanJournalofVeterinaryResearch.

However,thestudydidfindanassociationbetweenantibiotic-resistantE.coliandownerswhodidn’twashtheirhandsafterpettingtheirdogsorbeforecookingmeals.

“Weshouldusecommonsenseandpracticegoodgeneralhygiene,”Stenskeadvised.Shesaidthefindthatclosehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgermsisgoodnewsbecauseofthephysicalandpsychologicalbenefitsofpetownership.Surveysshowthatnearlyhalfofalldogownerssharetheirfoodwiththeirdogs,andmorethanhalfallowtheirdogstosleepwiththemandlicktheirface.

“Ifyoulookatonestudy,84percentofpeoplesaytheirdogislikeachildtothem,”Stenskeadded.

FutureresearchmightlookatcatownersandsharedE.coli.MoreAmericansowncatsthandogs,andcatsinteractwithpeopleindifferentwaysthandogs,Stenskenoted.

21.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

22.ThereasonwhythestudyfocusesonE.coliisthat______.

23.WhichoneisNOTtheconclusionofthestudy?

24.AccordingtoStenske,peopleshouldpracticegeneralhygieneby______.

25.Thestudyhasbroughtgoodnewstothedog-ownersinthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Closehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgerms.

B.Dogownersshouldnotlettheirdogslicktheirfacesorsleepwiththem.

C.Itisnothygienictoletdogssleepwithyouorlickyourface.

D.TheE.colibacteriaarespreadfromdogstotheirmasters.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesamplesareeasytoget

B.itisarepresentativeofbacteriumfoundinhumanbowels

C.itisacommonbacteriumsharedbydogsandmankindinbowels

D.itisabacteriumspreadeasilybetweenhumanbeings

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ownershavemultipledrug-resistantstrainsthantheirdogs.

B.Dogsarenotlikelytospreadmultipledrug-resistantE.colitotheirowners.

C.Wecannottakeantibioticscasually,butonlywhenwereallyneed.

D.OwnersallowfacelickingaremorelikelytosharestrainsofE.coli.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.washingtheirhandsbeforepettingthedogs

B.washingtheirhandsbeforecookingthemeals

C.severingtheirintimatebondwithpet-dogs

D.eatingdifferentfoodfromtheirdogs

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itallowsdog-ownerstomaintaintheirintimatebondwithdogsatease

B.dogsandtheirownerscanbeimmunefromvirusesifkeepingintimate

C.dogsaremorefavoritethancatsinmankind’sview

D.itprovesthatdogsaredirtierthanwhatwehaveimagined

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?21.我們從第一段可以推斷出什么？

A.Closehuman-dogbondingbehaviorsaren’tmorelikelytospreadgerms.A.人類和狗親密的行為并不太可能傳播細(xì)菌。

B.Dogownersshouldnotlettheirdogslicktheirfacesorsleepwiththem.B.狗主人不應(yīng)該讓他們的狗舔他們的臉或和他們一起睡覺(jué)。

C.Itisnothygienictoletdogssleepwithyouorlickyourface.C.讓狗狗和你一起睡覺(jué)或舔你的臉是不衛(wèi)生的。

D.TheE.colibacteriaarespreadfromdogstotheirmasters.D.大腸桿菌從狗傳播給它們的主人。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位第一段“與其他狗主人相比，讓狗和自己一起睡覺(jué)或讓狗舔自己的臉的狗主人身上攜帶的大腸桿菌菌株和狗身上的大腸桿菌菌株并不太可能相同（arenomorelikely）”，從中可以推斷，狗主人和狗之間的親密行為不太可能傳播大腸桿菌，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C選項(xiàng)在第一段沒(méi)提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B、D選項(xiàng)與文章意思相反，屬于反向干擾。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.ThereasonwhythestudyfocusesonE.coliisthat______.22.這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注大腸桿菌的原因是______。

A.thesamplesareeasytogetA.樣本很容易得到

B.itisarepresentativeofbacteriumfoundinhumanbowelsB.它是在人類腸道中發(fā)現(xiàn)的細(xì)菌的代表

C.itisacommonbacteriumsharedbydogsandmankindinbowelsC.它是狗和人類腸道中共同存在的一種細(xì)菌

D.itisabacteriumspreadeasilybetweenhumanbeingsD.它是一種很容易在人與人之間傳播的細(xì)菌

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第三段“她決定把重點(diǎn)放在大腸桿菌上，這種細(xì)菌在人和狗的胃腸道中都很常見(jiàn)（common）”，可知，這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注大腸桿菌的原因是人類和狗的胃腸道中都能找到這種細(xì)菌，句中提到了common，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)在該段并沒(méi)有提到樣本很容易拿到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)中的representative沒(méi)有提到，也是無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)也沒(méi)提到，無(wú)中生有。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.WhichoneisNOTtheconclusionofthestudy?23.哪一個(gè)不是這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論？

A.Ownershavemultipledrug-resistantstrainsthantheirdogs.A.比起他們的狗，主人有多種耐藥菌株。

B.Dogsarenotlikelytospreadmultipledrug-resistantE.colitotheirowners.B.狗不太可能把多重耐藥大腸桿菌傳播給它們的主人。

C.Wecannottakeantibioticscasually,butonlywhenwereallyneed.C.我們不能隨便服用抗生素，只有在真正需要的時(shí)候才服用。

D.OwnersallowfacelickingaremorelikelytosharestrainsofE.coli.D.允許舔臉的主人更有可能感染大腸桿菌。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第六段“根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究（study），沒(méi)有證據(jù)（Therewasnoevidence）表明和狗一起睡覺(jué)或允許狗舔臉的主人更有可能攜帶大腸桿菌”可知，D選項(xiàng)不是這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第四段最后一句“然而，主人比他們的狗有更多的耐藥菌株”可知，該項(xiàng)正確；

B選項(xiàng)定位第五段第一句“狗不太可能把多重耐藥性大腸桿菌傳播給它們的主人，但可能會(huì)把它們傳播給狗”可知，B項(xiàng)正確；

C選項(xiàng)定位第五段第二句“我們從中學(xué)到的是，抗生素確實(shí)會(huì)影響我們胃腸道中的細(xì)菌，我們應(yīng)該只在真正需要的時(shí)候服用（onlytakethemwhenwereallyneedto）”，可知C項(xiàng)正確。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.AccordingtoStenske,peopleshouldpracticegeneralhygieneby______.24.斯滕斯克表示，人們應(yīng)該通過(guò)______保持個(gè)人衛(wèi)生。

A.washingtheirhandsbeforepettingthedogs

A.在撫摸狗狗之前要洗手

B.washingtheirhandsbeforecookingthemeals

B.做飯前洗手

C.severingtheirintimatebondwithpet-dogs

C.切斷了他們與寵物狗的親密關(guān)系

D.eatingdifferentfoodfromtheirdogs

D.和他們的狗吃不同的食物

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第七段“然而，這項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了耐抗生素大腸桿菌與那些在撫摸狗狗后（afterpettingtheirdogs）或做飯前（beforecookingmeals）不洗手的主人之間的聯(lián)系”，以及第八段第一句“Stenske建議我們應(yīng)該運(yùn)用常識(shí)（usecommonsense），保持良好的個(gè)人衛(wèi)生（practicegoodgeneralhygiene）”，綜合可知，人們應(yīng)該在撫摸狗后和做飯前洗手，來(lái)保持良好的個(gè)人衛(wèi)生；B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)正好與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)定位第八段第二句“人類和狗親密的行為不會(huì)更容易傳播細(xì)菌”，可知C選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，狗不太可能傳播大腸桿菌給人類，所以該項(xiàng)并不符合題干，屬于反向干擾。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Thestudyhasbroughtgoodnewstothedog-ownersinthat______.25.這項(xiàng)研究給養(yǎng)狗的人帶來(lái)了好消息，因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.itallowsdog-ownerstomaintaintheirintimatebondwithdogsatease

A.它可以讓狗主人輕松地與狗保持親密的關(guān)系

B.dogsandtheirownerscanbeimmunefromvirusesifkeepingintimate

B.狗和它們的主人如果保持親密關(guān)系，可以對(duì)病毒免疫

C.dogsaremorefavoritethancatsinmankind’sview

C.在人類看來(lái)，狗比貓更受歡迎

D.itprovesthatdogsaredirtierthanwhatwehaveimagined

D.證明狗比我們想象的更臟

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第八段第二句“人類和狗親密的行為不會(huì)更容易傳播細(xì)菌，這是一個(gè)好消息（goodnews），因?yàn)轲B(yǎng)寵物對(duì)身體和心理都有好處”，可知，這個(gè)研究帶來(lái)的好消息就是狗主人可以和狗狗保持親密的關(guān)系，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)定位文章最后一句“養(yǎng)貓的美國(guó)人比養(yǎng)狗的多，而且貓與人交往的方式與狗不同”可知，貓比狗受歡迎只是對(duì)于美國(guó)人而言，并不代表全人類，所以該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

14.單選題

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Weretheyarriving

C.Wouldtheyarrive

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句謂語(yǔ)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。從句部分是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，省略了if，由于句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是thedayaftertomorrow，所以從句動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。應(yīng)為should(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：如果他們?cè)谖覀兒筇斐霭l(fā)之前到達(dá)的話，我們可以有一頓豐盛的晚宴。故D項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Mr.Morgancanbeverysad（

），thoughinpublicheisextremelycheerful

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inperson

B.inprivate

C.byhimself

D.asindividual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管在公共場(chǎng)合非常高興，但是在私底下Morgan先生可能非常傷心。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。inperson親自,本人;inprivate私底下;byhimself靠他自己;asindividual作為個(gè)人。因此B符合句意。

16.單選題

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful（

）inthemarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.batteries

B.bargains

C.baskets

D.barrels

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些人喜歡在星期天購(gòu)物,因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ谑袌?chǎng)上買(mǎi)到物美價(jià)廉的東西。bargains做名詞表示特價(jià)商品。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

17.翻譯題

Theirrationalfearspeopleexpresstodayaboutcloningparallelthosesurroundingroboticshalfacenturyago.SoIwouldliketoproposeThreeLawofCloningthatalsoclarify