2023版新教材高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)Unit1ScienceAndScientists單元主題訓(xùn)練新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！UNIT1單元主題訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Aeq\a\vs4\al(2022·山東淄博模擬)Todealwithachangingworld,wehavetochangeaswell.Transforminglandintofarmsremovesforestsandworsensclimatechange.Butweneedtogrowmorefoodtosupportagrowingglobalpopulation.Whatcanwedo?Scientistshavediscoveredthatplantsgrowbestunderacertaintypeoflight,whichcanbeprovidedbyredandblueLEDs.Thecombinationoftheselightsattherightlevelmakesaspacelookpink.Since“pinkhouses”supplytheirownlight,theydon'tneedtohavefragileglasswallsandceilings.Andtheycanbesetupanywhere,includingtheplacesthatdon'tgettheamountoflightgreenhousesneed.Sincepinkhousescanpackfoodinhugecolumns,oneofthesefarmsdoesn'tneedalotofland.Farmerscansetuppinkhousesincities.Theycompletelycontroltemperatureandlight,whichcanhelpsomeplantsgrowtwiceaswellinpinkhousesastheydointraditionalfarming.Pinkhousescanallowformanymoreharvestsperyearsincefarmingdoesn'thavetostopinwinter.Eventhoughpinkhousesareagreatwaytogrowcrops,lightingandheatinganindoorspacecanbeveryexpensive.Itdoesn'tmakesensetogrowfoodsthattakeupalotofspaceorthatweneedtogrowlotsof,likewheat,rice,andcorn,inapinkhouse.Wewillstillneedtogrowthosecropsinfields.Wecanstartfarmingsmarter.Farmerswillusesatelliteimagerytofigureoutexactlywheretoplanteachcrop.Thinkofamixtureofjusttherightcrops,ratherthanarectangle(長方形)ofonetypeofplant.Sensorsinthefieldswillmeasurethesoil'swaterlevel,temperature,andchemicalcontent.Theywillevenbeabletodetectinsectsandsendoutnotificationstoasmartphoneapp.Irrigationsystemswillbetiedtoweatherforecastingprograms,allowingforveryprecisewateringandcare,allcalculatedtogetthebestplantgrowthandyield.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了如何促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的兩個(gè)措施：第一個(gè)措施是“粉房子”種植模式，第二個(gè)是農(nóng)民采取的更智能的種植模式。1．Fromthetext,weknowthatthepinkhouse________.A．coverslotsofspaceB．needsenoughsunlightC．ismadeofglassorplasticD．canmakeplantsgrowlarger解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theycompletely...traditionalfarming.”可知，“粉房子”可以完全控制溫度和光線，這使得一些在“粉房子”里的植物生長得比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場里的植物好一倍，所以“粉房子”能使植物長得更大，故選D項(xiàng)。2．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph4?A．Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B．Emphasizetheadvantageofpinkhouses.C．Introduceanewtopicofthediscussion.D．Addsomebackgroundinformation.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，雖然“粉房子”是個(gè)種植農(nóng)作物的好方法，但是光照和加熱室內(nèi)空間費(fèi)用昂貴，農(nóng)民依然需要在田野里種糧食，且要采取更智能的種植方式。因此接下來作者將要討論如何采取更智能的種植方式。由此可知，第四段的目的是提出一個(gè)新的討論話題，故選C項(xiàng)。3．Whatistheresultofthesmartfarming?A．Farmerswillhaveabetterharvest.B．Farmerscangrowdifferentplants.C．Farmersneedn'tcareabouttheweather.D．Plantscanprotectthemselvesagainstinsects.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，更智能的種植方式會帶來精確的澆灌和照料，以便使植物達(dá)到最佳生長狀態(tài)并獲得豐收，故選A項(xiàng)。4．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．BuildingPinkhousesB．FeedingtheFutureC．ChangingtheWorldD．GettingOutdoorFarmingSmart解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知，將土地變成農(nóng)田會使森林消失，導(dǎo)致氣候變化惡化，但是人類需要種植更多的食物來供養(yǎng)日益增長的全球人口。因此，全文講述了促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的兩個(gè)措施：第一個(gè)為“粉房子”種植模式，第二個(gè)是農(nóng)民采取更智能的種植模式。這兩個(gè)措施的目的是保障未來糧食的供給，故選B項(xiàng)。BErikKobayashi-SolomonspentadaywithDrPaulGauthier,aplantphysiologistspecializinginverticalfarmingresearchandcameupwithseveralimportantideasaboutverticalfarming.Humanshave12,000yearsofexperiencegrowingfood,butonlyageneration'sorsoworthofexperiencegrowingcropsindoors.Wearestillprogressingupthetechnologylearningcurve(學(xué)習(xí)曲線).What'smore,traditionalfarmingtechniquesarebasedonconditionsthatarenotapplicabletoverticalfarming.Therefore,withouttakingtimetounderstandthescience,verticalfarmingisnotlikelytobeabletoliveuptoitsimpliedpromises.ThecostofpoweringLEDgrowlightsisoneofthebiggestproblemsaverticalfarmmustovercome.DrLouisAlbrightatCornellUniversityhascharacterizedverticalfarmsas“pie-in-the-sky”businesses.Hefamouslycalculates,forinstance,thatthecostofaloafofbreadwouldbeD|S24iffarmedindoors—thecostistoohigh.Gauthieracknowledgesthatenergypricesarehighbutpointsoutthatscientificworkhasshownthatonlyabout6%ofavailablesunlightisusedincropphotosynthesis(光合作用),sotheremaybewaysofgrowingthesameplantswithlesslight.Gauthieralsopointsoutthatwhileenergycostsareabithigh,verticalfarmingdoescreatehighefficienciesinotherareas.Waterusagemaybesignificantlyreducedbecausethesamewatercanberecycledtimeandagain.Fertilizerusecanbegreatlyreducedandpesticidesforpestcontrolareunnecessary.It'sclearthatverticalfarmingoffersrealvaluetosociety.Thefutureisprobablymixed.Insomeenvironments—theMiddleEast,forinstance—amovetoverticalfarmingisano-brainer.AnindoorfarminSaudiArabia,forinstance,canusesolarenergytopowerLEDsatlowcostwithoutshadingoutotherfarmland.Inothergeography,though,theexpenseofestablishingafacilityplacesahighbartogrowthandprofitability.Alargeverticalfarmingandequipmentoperationonlystartedgeneratingasmallprofiteightyearsintoitsnine-yearlife.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了垂直農(nóng)場的相關(guān)信息以及有關(guān)垂直農(nóng)場應(yīng)用價(jià)值的不同看法。5．WhatcanweinferaboutverticalfarminginParagraph2?A．Itwillreplacetraditionalfarmingoneday.B．Itreliesonresearchofmorebasicscience.C．Itcanbeapplicabletodifferentconditions.D．Itactuallycameintobeing12,000yearsago.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“What'smore,traditionalfarming...itsimpliedpromises.”可知，垂直農(nóng)業(yè)依賴于更多基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的研究。故選B項(xiàng)。6．WhatdoesDrAlbrightthinkofverticalfarms?A．Theyuselesslightthantraditionalones.B．Theymayseemveryunlikelytosucceed.C．Theycanovercomemanyproblemsinfarming.D．Theydonotneedanynaturalsunlightanylonger.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，為LED植物生長燈供電的成本是垂直農(nóng)場必須克服的最大問題之一。康奈爾大學(xué)的路易斯·奧爾布賴特博士將垂直農(nóng)場描述為“空中樓閣”的生意。由此可知，奧爾布賴特博士認(rèn)為垂直農(nóng)業(yè)似乎不太可能成功。故選B項(xiàng)。7．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thewaysofreducingcostsofverticalfarming.B．Thesecretsofdevelopingverticalfarming.C．Therecenttrendofverticalfarming.D．Thebenefitsofverticalfarming.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，這一段講述了垂直農(nóng)業(yè)的好處。故選D項(xiàng)。8．Whyistheexampleof“anindoorfarminSaudiArabia”mentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Toshowverticalfarmingcanworkwellinsomeplaces.B．ToprovesolarenergyisvitalforfarminginSaudiArabia.C．Toconfirmtheexpenseofsettingupaverticalfarmishigh.D．Toarguevegetablesdonotneedtobeimportedanylonger.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Anindoorfarm...growthandprofitability.”可知，文中提到這一實(shí)例是為了說明垂直農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)在某些地方可以很好地運(yùn)作。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五e(cuò)q\a\vs4\al(2022·深圳二模)Includingchildreninthefarminglifestylehasmanybenefits.Sure,itisnicetohavetheadditionalhelpwithchores(家庭雜務(wù)),butitalsofosterssomuchgrowth,sendingourkidsdownagoodpathtowardswhotheywillsomedaybecome.Itispossiblethatourchildrenwillgrowuptoleadlivesthatdonotincludefarming.__9__Throughcaringforfarmanimals,kidslearnthatinlifeothersoftencomebeforeself.__10__Itdoesn'tmatterifwedon'tfeellikeitorifwearesickandtired.Whatmattersisthatwetakecareoftheanimalsthattakecareofusanddosoinatimelymanner.__11__Iftheworkonafarmdoesnotgetdone,theoperationfails.Ittakesdisciplineandcommitmenttogetdowntobusinesseveryday,andseeingthisinactionwillgivekidsagoodworkattitude.Theywillknowandunderstandthatnothinggoodcomeseasyandthattheyhavetoworktosurvive.__12__Functioningaspartofaproductiveteamwillsurelybeplayingacrucialrolesoonerorlaterinallwalksoflife.Additionally,farmingteachespatience.__13__Cattlewillbedifficulttocontrol.Horseswillrunawaywhenyoutrytocatchthem.Goatswillkickoverthatbucketofhard-earnedmilk.Aroosterwilldecideyougottooclosetohishensandgiveyouarunforyourmoney.Inspiteofallthat,kidswilllearntobepatientandtakethingseasy.Theremaynotbeanyinstantreward,butinthelong-termkidswillseethebenefitofalltheireffortsduringthoseharddays.A．Atthesametime,theylearntoworkwithothers.B．Farmlifealsoteacheskidsthevalueofhardwork.C．Childrenlearntobegratefulforanimalsforeatingpurpose.D．Teamworkisnolongeranimportantskilltodevelopanduse.E．Therearegoingtobealotofdayswhenthingsdonotgoyourway.F．However,whattheylearnonafarmcanalsobeinstrumentalintheirfuturelives.G．Animalsneedtobefed,watered,andcaredforbeforewegettositdownandrelax.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了孩子們參與農(nóng)場生活的益處。9．選F根據(jù)本段第一句可知，讓孩子們參與到農(nóng)場生活中有很多好處；根據(jù)空格前一句可知，我們的孩子長大后可能不再需要干農(nóng)活。下文介紹了農(nóng)場生活給孩子帶來的好處。F項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境。10．選G根據(jù)空格前一句可知，通過照顧農(nóng)場里的動物，孩子們了解到：在生活中，別人往往比自己重要。G項(xiàng)與上文緊密銜接，符合語境。11．選B根據(jù)空格后一句可知，如果農(nóng)場的工作沒有完成，活動就是失敗的。B項(xiàng)能夠引出下文，符合語境。12．選A根據(jù)空格后一句可知，作為一個(gè)高效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的團(tuán)隊(duì)的一部分，遲早會在各行各業(yè)中發(fā)揮重要作用。A項(xiàng)與下文緊密銜接，符合語境。13．選E空格后列舉了幾個(gè)在農(nóng)場勞作時(shí)可能會遇到的麻煩。E項(xiàng)能夠引出下文，符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空FarmingandGardeningAround540AD,JiaSixiewroteabookcalledQiminYaoshu.Itincludesadviceonthefollowing__14__：growinggreenvegetablesandfruittrees,keepinganimals,andfishinlakes.Therearealso__15__formakingwine.JiaSixie'sbookisa(n)__16__guideforfarming.Ifyousowseedsand__17__youngplantsinthefieldsatthecorrecttimeoftheyear,yourworkwillbelessand__18__willbebetter.Butifyou__19__natureanddothingsatthewrongtimeoftheyear,youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbesogood.The__20__ofthesoilisalsoveryimportant.Examinethesoilonyourfarm__21__.Beforesowingorplantingcrops,youmustcleanroughgroundand__22__weeds.Letsheeporcowswalkonthelandto__23__theweedsoreatthem.Thebestharvestisreached__24__farmerschangethecropsintheirfields.Forexample,donotplantrice__25__inthesamefieldoryouwon't__26__goodcrops.Otherscientistssaidwheatshouldbeplantedwith__27__betweentheplants,butJiadidexperimentsand__28__plantingwheatclosetogetherisbetter.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家賈思勰對我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)的研究和貢獻(xiàn)。他的耕種方法對我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)起了重要的指導(dǎo)作用。14．A.programs B．topicsC．subjects D．events解析：選C從語境來看，本句的下文介紹了一些具體的課題，如種菜、養(yǎng)動物等，因此選subject“科目，課題”。15．A.instructions B．constructionsC．measures D．treasures解析：選Ainstructions在此處表示造酒的“指導(dǎo)，說明”。16．A.economical B．practicalC．similar D．regular解析：選Bpracticalguide意為“切實(shí)可行的指導(dǎo)”。17．A.drop B．increaseC．grow D．throw解析：選Cgrowyoungplants意為“種植幼苗”。18．A.dreams B．endingC．hope D．results解析：選Dresult與空格前面的“yourworkwillbeless”相對應(yīng)，表示“工作投入少，而結(jié)果更好”。19．A.argueagainst B．goagainstC．competewith D．dealwith解析：選Bgoagainstnature意為“違背自然(規(guī)律)”，符合語境。20．A.application B．situationC．condition D．a(chǎn)ddition解析：選Ctheconditionofthesoil表示“土壤的狀況”。21．A.successfully B．carefullyC．gradually D．frequently解析：選B前句指出土壤狀況很重要，本句說明要細(xì)心、仔細(xì)地檢查土壤，因此選carefully。22．A.remove B．pullC．kill D．reduce解析：選A本句告訴讀者，種莊稼之前需要平整土地和除草，removeweeds意為“清除雜草”。23．A.destroy B．preventC．divide D．limit解析：選A讓牛羊在地里走是為了摧毀雜草或者吃掉雜草，故選destroy。24．A.unless B．ifC．until D．when解析：選D最好的收成是當(dāng)農(nóng)民在他們的田地里換農(nóng)作物的時(shí)候。因此選when。25．A.oneafteranother B．hereandthereC．nowandthen D．yearafteryear解析：選Dyearafteryear“年復(fù)一年”，此處表示“不在同一塊地里年復(fù)一年地種同一種莊稼”。26．A.win B．collectC．harvest D．plant解析：選C此處表示“如果每年換種不同的莊稼就會有好收成”。harvestgoodcrops意為“收成好”。27．A.holes B．linesC．space D．balance解析：選C此處表示“種植小麥時(shí)，株與株之間要留有空間”，因此選space。28．A.showed B．meantC．intended D．decided解析：選A前面有“Jiadidexperiments”，因此后面應(yīng)是實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果“證明，表明”，因此選showed。Ⅳ.語法填空Anewstudyshowsthat__1__twocountrieswiththeworld's__2__(large)populationsareleadingtheincreaseingreeningonland.Theeffectcomes__3__(main)fromambitioustreeplantingprogramsinChinaandagricultureinbothcountries.Chinaaloneaccounts__4__25%oftheglobalincreaseinleafarea,butcontainsonly6.6%ofgloballandareacoveredinvegetation(植物).ThegreeninginChinaisfromforests(42%)andcroplands(32%)．China'soutsized__5__(contribute)comesinlargepartfromprograms__6__(protect)andexpandforests.Theseprogramsweredevelopedinanefforttoreducetheeffectsofsoilerosion(侵蝕),airpollutionandclimatechange.Takenalltogether,thegreeningoftheplanetrepresentsanincreaseinleafareaofplantsandtreesequaltothearea__7__iscoveredbyalloftheAmazonrainforest.Thelandarea__8__(use)togrowcropsiscomparableinChinaandIndiaandit__9__(change)verylittlesincetheearly2,000s.Yetthecountrieshavegreatlyincreasedboththeirannualtotalgreenleafarea__10__theirfoodproduction.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了世界上兩個(gè)人口大國——中國和印度——在改善土地綠化方面處于領(lǐng)先地位，其主要原因在于中國宏偉的植樹計(jì)劃和兩國的農(nóng)業(yè)。1．the考查冠詞。此處特指“世界上兩個(gè)人口最多的國家”，twocountries后有介詞短語withtheworld's...修飾，其前要加定冠詞，故填the。2．largest考查形容詞的最高級。此處表示“世界范圍內(nèi)最多的”，故填最高級l