第02課2012原卷練習(xí)和分析

專業(yè)第二課2012原卷練習(xí)和分析為了做題方便可以下載打印出后進(jìn)行練習(xí)1.第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)4分閱讀理解解題順序1、抓中心，如果中心不是很明確，第一段多讀一點(diǎn)。2、掃一下題干與ABCD。四.閱讀題型四大原則：此項(xiàng)特別重要1.圍著中心轉(zhuǎn)——（先讀有中心詞的選項(xiàng).一般就是答案）-----------------------(摘自神表)GrossNationalHappiness15分注：該文中心即文章題目---NationalHappiness全民幸福Inthelastcentury，newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However，onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia，thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist（佛教）culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan，however，wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread，andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then，in1972，anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern，butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct（GNP）。TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases，peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased，thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier，hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness（GNH）。GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare，education，andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy，protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks，andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008，KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking，ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally，Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople，cultures，andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil，perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.31.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.Abuddistpreist.C.Aking.D.Ageneral.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，選擇關(guān)鍵詞非常重要，我們?cè)谏癖碇兄v到大寫人名地名可做關(guān)鍵詞,JigmeSingyeWangchuck應(yīng)做為關(guān)鍵詞，正確選擇關(guān)鍵詞，在關(guān)鍵詞附近找與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)長的相的，C.Aking.答案迎刃而解。32. ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutanA. Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B. Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C. Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D. Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，選擇關(guān)鍵詞非常重要，我們?cè)谏癖碇兄v到大寫人名地名可做關(guān)鍵詞,JigmeSingyeWangchuck,Bhutan應(yīng)做為關(guān)鍵詞，正確選擇關(guān)鍵詞，在關(guān)鍵詞附近找與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)長的相的，D. Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms答案迎刃而解。五、如何抓住文章和句子的重心1.圍著中心轉(zhuǎn)-----中心(第一句)結(jié)論（最后一句）2.注意段落結(jié)構(gòu)---段落中心(段落第一句)及段落結(jié)論（段落最后一句）3.注意連詞----buthowever…………………….-----------------------(摘自神表)33.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.spendingmoremoney.B.spendinglessmoney.C.sellingmoreproducts.D.providingmorejobs.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，選擇關(guān)鍵詞非常重要，我們?cè)谏癖碇兄v到大寫人名地名可做關(guān)鍵詞,GNP應(yīng)做為關(guān)鍵詞，正確選擇關(guān)鍵詞，products答案迎刃而解。34. AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA. havenewtechnology.B. canchangetheirreligion.C. haveagood,stablegovernment.D. havemoremoney.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，選擇關(guān)鍵詞非常重要，我們?cè)谏癖碇兄v到除去常用提問方式,題干可做為關(guān)鍵詞peoplearehappierifthey應(yīng)做為關(guān)鍵詞，C. haveagood,stablegovernment.4.注意：(1)絕對(duì)原則：答案中有all,every,onlyalways等絕對(duì)詞一般為不正確，如被否定除外，原文中也有這些詞除外)！絕對(duì)原則主要用于5.對(duì)錯(cuò)選擇NOTtrue,true(2)相對(duì)原則：有may,might,cancould,likely，sometimes，probablysome……。但應(yīng)以查細(xì)節(jié)的方法為主，相對(duì)原則相對(duì)原則為輔，而can在主句子才有效.35.Today,manycountriesareA.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.B.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.C.wokingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.D.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.注解：閱讀理解解題順序1、抓中心，如果中心不是很明確，第一段多讀一點(diǎn)。2、掃一下ABCD并讀題干。四.閱讀題型四大原則：此項(xiàng)特別重要1.圍著中心轉(zhuǎn)——（先讀有中心詞的選項(xiàng).一般就是答案）----------------------(摘自神表)第二篇SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers12分孫老師特別提示：很多考生不愛聽基礎(chǔ)、應(yīng)試技巧，讓一些網(wǎng)站忽悠的只關(guān)心押題，就愛聽押題，這讓我憂心重重?。?！職稱英語考試六大題型解題順序1.第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)4分2.第4部分：閱讀理解(第3l～45題，每題3分，共45分)一篇15分+二篇（押題）12分三篇（較難6分）33分孫老師特別提示：請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真參加練習(xí)，然后用后面加有注解的卷子再聽講評(píng)。第三篇Caffeine咖啡因Caffeineisprobablythemostwidelyuseddrugintheworld.Humanshavebeenconsumingcaffeineforhundredsofyears,primarilyintheformofcoffee,tea,andcocoa.Habitualcoffeeandteadrinkershadlongbeenobservedtohavealowerincidenceofnon-melanoma(mel?'n?um?)(黑色素瘤)skincancers,althoughnooneknewwhy.Arecentstudyfoundthatcaffeineaffectsskincellsdamagedbyultravioletradiation,amaincauseofskincancer.Caffeineinterfereswithaproteinthatcancerouscellsneedtosurvive,leavingthedamagedcellstodiebeforetheybecomecancerous.Drinkingcaffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithadecreasedincidenceofendometrial(予宮內(nèi)膜的)cancer-thatis,cancerofthecellsliningtheuterus-Thestrongesteffectappearstobeinoverweightwomen,whoareatgreatestriskforthedisease.Researchersbelievebloodsugar,fatcells,andestrogen(雌性激素)mayplayarole.Althoughthemechanismremainsunknown,peoplewhodrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeorteaadayreportedlyhaveabouthalftheriskofdevelopingchronicliverdiseaseasthosewhodrinklessthanonecupofcoffeedaily;caffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithloweredriskofcirrhosis(肝硬化)andlivercancer.Whilemanyofcaffeine'sundesirableeffects,suchaselevatedheartrateandbloodpressure,arebrief,someshort-termbenefits,includingpainrelief,increasedalertness,andincreasedphysicalendurance,havealsobeenattributedtocaffeine.Asacomponentofnumerousover-the-counterdietpillsandpainrelievers,caffeineincreasestheireffectivenessandhelpsthebodyabsorbthemmorequickly.Byconstricting(收縮)bloodvesselsinthebrain,itcanalleviateheadaches-evenmigraines(偏頭痛)–andcanhelpcounterthedrowsiness(眩暈)causedbyantihistamines(抗組胺藥).Caffeinedoesnotaltertheneedforsleep,butitdoesofferatemporarysolutiontofatigueforpeoplewhoneedtostayalert.Researchhasshownthatsleep-deprivedindividualswhoconsumedcaffeinehadimprovedmemoryandreasoningabilities,atleastintheshortterm.Studiesofrunnersandcyclistshaveshownthatcaffeinecanimprovetheirstamina-henceitsadditiontoenergy-boostingsportsdrinks.Peoplewhoconsumealotofcaffeineregularlymaydeveloptemporarywithdrawalsymptoms,headachebeingthemostcommon,iftheyquitorcutbackonitabruptly.Fortunately,thesesymptomslastonlyadayortwoinmostcases.Individualswhoaremoresensitivetothestimulatorysideeffectsofcaffeinemaywanttoavoidit,butmostdoctorsagreethattheequivalentofthreecupsofcoffeeadaydoesnotharmhealthypeople.Thereisnomedicalbasistogiveupdailycaffeineandmanyreasonstoincludeamoderateamountinone'sdiet.41.DrinkingcoffeeorteamayhelpA.lowertheincidence發(fā)生率ofnon-melanoma黑素瘤skincancer.B.lowertheincidenceofbeingoverweight.C.increasetheincidenceofendometrialcancer.D.increasetheincidenceoflivercancer.42.CaffeineisusedtoA.reducehighbloodpressure.B.curelivercancer.C.relieveheadaches.D.treatskincancer.43.SomeathletesusecaffeinetoA.increasetheirendurance忍耐力.B.improvetheirspeed.C.maintaintheiralertness.D.relaxtheirmuscles.44.CaffeinewithdrawalsymptomsA.canbecomeanongoingproblem.B.maylastaslongasaweek.C.areusuallyshort-lived.D.areweightlossandmentaldisorder.45.DrinkingthreecupsofcoffeeadayA.maynotberecommendedbymostdoctors.B.willprobablynotcauseproblems.C.isharmfultohealthypeople.D.maybenefitsensitivepeople.第三篇Caffeine咖啡因Caffeineisprobablythemostwidelyuseddrugintheworld.Humanshavebeenconsumingcaffeineforhundredsofyears,primarilyintheformofcoffee,tea,andcocoa.Habitualcoffeeandteadrinkershadlongbeenobservedtohavealowerincidenceofnon-melanoma(mel?'n?um?)(黑色素瘤)skincancers,althoughnooneknewwhy.Arecentstudyfoundthatcaffeineaffectsskincellsdamagedbyultravioletradiation,amaincauseofskincancer.Caffeineinterfereswithaproteinthatcancerouscellsneedtosurvive,leavingthedamagedcellstodiebeforetheybecomecancerous.Drinkingcaffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithadecreasedincidenceofendometrial(予宮內(nèi)膜的)cancer-thatis,cancerofthecellsliningtheuterus-Thestrongesteffectappearstobeinoverweightwomen,whoareatgreatestriskforthedisease.Researchersbelievebloodsugar,fatcells,andestrogen(雌性激素)mayplayarole.Althoughthemechanismremainsunknown,peoplewhodrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeorteaadayreportedlyhaveabouthalftheriskofdevelopingchronicliverdiseaseasthosewhodrinklessthanonecupofcoffeedaily;caffeinatedcoffeehasalsobeenassociatedwithloweredriskofcirrhosis(肝硬化)andlivercancer.Whilemanyofcaffeine'sundesirableeffects,suchaselevatedheartrateandbloodpressure,arebrief,someshort-termbenefits,includingpainrelief,increasedalertness,andincreasedphysicalendurance,havealsobeenattributedtocaffeine.Asacomponentofnumerousover-the-counterdietpillsandpainrelievers,caffeineincreasestheireffectivenessandhelpsthebodyabsorbthemmorequickly.Byconstricting(收縮)bloodvesselsinthebrain,itcanalleviateheadaches-evenmigraines(偏頭痛)–andcanhelpcounterthedrowsiness(眩暈)causedbyantihistamines(抗組胺藥).Caffeinedoesnotaltertheneedforsleep,butitdoesofferatemporarysolutiontofatigueforpeoplewhoneedtostayalert.Researchhasshownthatsleep-deprivedindividualswhoconsumedcaffeinehadimprovedmemoryandreasoningabilities,atleastintheshortterm.Studiesofrunnersandcyclistshaveshownthatcaffeinecanimprovetheirstamina-henceitsadditiontoenergy-boostingsportsdrinks.Peoplewhoconsumealotofcaffeineregularlymaydeveloptemporarywithdrawalsymptoms,headachebeingthemostcommon,iftheyquitorcutbackonitabruptly.Fortunately,thesesymptomslastonlyadayortwoinmostcases.Individualswhoaremoresensitivetothestimulatorysideeffectsofcaffeinemaywanttoavoidit,butmostdoctorsagreethattheequivalentofthreecupsofcoffeeadaydoesnotharmhealthypeople.Thereisnomedicalbasistogiveupdailycaffeineandmanyreasonstoincludeamoderateamountinone'sdiet.41.Drinkingcoffeeorteamayhelp3分A.lowertheincidence發(fā)生率ofnon-melanoma黑素瘤skincancer.B.lowertheincidenceofbeingoverweight.C.increasetheincidenceofendometrialcancer.D.increasetheincidenceoflivercancer.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，選擇關(guān)鍵詞非常重要，Drinkingcoffeeortea做關(guān)鍵詞，在關(guān)鍵詞附近找與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)長的相的，lowerincidenceofnon-melanomamel?'n?um?](黑色素瘤)skincancers.答案迎刃而解。42.Caffeineisusedto3分A.reducehighbloodpressure.B.curelivercancer.C.relieveheadaches.D.treatskincancer.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，一般我們不主張用中心詞作為關(guān)鍵詞，但在題干過短的情況下，只有用Caffeine作為中心詞,但由于是中心詞，需多查幾個(gè)。43.SomeathletesusecaffeinetoA.increasetheirendurance忍耐力.B.improvetheirspeed.C.maintaintheiralertness.D.relaxtheirmuscles.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，一般我們不主張用中心詞作為關(guān)鍵詞，但在出題人過于狡猾，將文中runnersandcyclists在題干中改為athletes的情況下，只有用Caffeine作為中心詞。44.CaffeinewithdrawalsymptomsA.canbecomeanongoingproblem.B.maylastaslongasaweek.C.areusuallyshort-lived.D.areweightlossandmentaldisorder.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，選擇關(guān)鍵詞非常重要，Caffeinewithdrawalsymptoms做關(guān)鍵詞，在關(guān)鍵詞附近無相同詞匯，出題人將文中thesesymptomslastonlyadayortwo這種癥狀持續(xù)一至兩天改為C.areusuallyshort-lived.癥狀通常很短。45.DrinkingthreecupsofcoffeeadayA.maynotberecommendedbymostdoctors.B.willprobablynotcauseproblems.C.isharmfultohealthypeople.D.maybenefitsensitivepeople.注解：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，選擇關(guān)鍵詞非常重要，threecupsofcoffeeaday做關(guān)鍵詞，在關(guān)鍵詞附近無相同詞匯，出題人將文中doesnotharmhealthypeople不會(huì)傷害健康人改為B.willprobablynotcauseproblems改為可能不會(huì)引起問題。職稱英語考試六大題型解題順序1.第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)4分2.第4部分：閱讀理解(第3l～45題，每題3分，共45分)一篇15分+二篇（押題）12分三篇（較難6分）=33分3.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)15分第6部分：完形填空(第52~65題，每題1分，共15分)2012專業(yè)第23課衛(wèi)生閱讀與完型押題完形填空:A級(jí)第十一篇:MigrantWorkers(A級(jí))第十二篇：Dreams（A級(jí)）第十三篇：ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetectingHeartAttack(A級(jí))第十四篇：AHealthProfile（A級(jí)）第十五篇：LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears（A級(jí)）Dreams15分Everyonecandream.Indeed,everyonedoesdream.Thosewho______(51)thattheyneverdreamatallactuallydream______(52)asfrequentlyastherestofus,______(53)theymaynotrememberanythingaboutit.Eventhoseofuswhoareperfectly______(54)ofdreamingnightafternightveryveryseldomrememberthosedreamsin______(55)detailbutmerelyretainanuntidymixtureofseeminglyunrelated______(56).Dreamsarenotsimplyvisual-wedreamwithallour______(57),sothatweappeartoexperiencesound,touch,smell,andtaste.Oneoftheworld'soldest______(58)writtendocumentsistheEgyptianBookofDreams.Thisvolumeisaboutfivethousandyearsold,soyoucansee______(59)dreamswerebelievedtohaveaspecialsignificanceeventhen.Manyancientcivilizationsbelievedthatyou______(60)neverwakeasleepingpersonas,duringsleep,thesoulhadleftthebodyandmightnotbeabletoreturn______(61)timeifthesleeperweresuddenlyawoken.Fromancienttimestothepresent______(62),peoplehavebeenmakingattemptstointerpretdreamsandto______(63)theirsignificance.Therearemanybooksavailableonthe______(64)ofdreaminterpretation,althoughunfortunatelytherearealmostasmanymeaningsforaparticulardream______(65)therearebooks.2012原卷51.A.demandB.promiseC.agreeD.claim52.A.alsoB.justC.onlyD.quite53.A.thoughB.besidesC.howeverD.despite54.A.familiarB.accustomedC.awareD.used55.A.greatB.strongC.highD.deep56.A.conditionsB.impressionsC.visionD.collection57.A.effortsB.tastesC.wordsD.senses58.A.consideredB.knownC.regardedD.estimated59.A.thatB.whyC.ifD.when60.A.wouldB.oughtC.shouldD.need61.A.byB.inC.withD.for62.A.minuteB.hourC.momentD.day63.A.studyB.attachC.explainD.reach64.A.factB.subjectC.majorD.impact65.A.asB.likeC.soD.such押題練習(xí)：1.AdemandBpromiseCagreeDclaim2.AalsoBjustConlyDquite3.AthoughBbesidesChoweverDdespite4.AfamiliarBaccustomedCawareDused5.AafterBonCthroughDover6.AgreatBhighCstrongDdeep7.AfeelingsBemotionsCimpressionsDsenses8.AconsideredBknownCregardedDestimated9.AseeBfeelCensureDthink10.AwouldBoughtCshouldDneed11.AbyBinCwithDfor12.AawokeBawokenCawakeDawaken13.AminuteBhourCmomentDday14.AdoingBputtingCmakingDtaking15.AasBlikeCsoDsuch已得到52分第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)由于很多同學(xué)字典還未到，詞匯選項(xiàng)將于一月中旬集中講解,大約能拿到8—12分實(shí)際已經(jīng)及格-------52+8分=60孫老師特別提示：請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真參加練習(xí)，然后用后面加有注解的卷子再聽講評(píng)。概括大意與完成句子孫老師特別提示：概括大意與完成句子題型分為兩部份,第一部份4分為概括大意,第二部份部4分為完成句子,其中概括大意比較容易。要點(diǎn)在于抓住每段的中心思想。而英美人在寫段落時(shí),通常將段落中心放在段首,解題方法基本上與抓文章中心相同,我們已經(jīng)有了抓住文章中心的基礎(chǔ),拿到此4分并不十分困難,而完成句子需按前半句與后半句的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合課文連接,對(duì)基礎(chǔ)較差的考生十分困難。對(duì)于如何解決本題型,我總結(jié)了兩張要領(lǐng)表,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們認(rèn)真體會(huì),牢記心中。并反復(fù)練習(xí),對(duì)本部分不可期待過高,能拿到一半分?jǐn)?shù),即4分已經(jīng)很好了。概括大意應(yīng)試技巧先讀一下題目（了解文章大意——中心）最好將1、2、3、4題后的A、B、C、D、E、F中的不會(huì)的名詞查一下字典，并寫在考卷上。（如詞匯量太少的同學(xué)可跳過這一步驟）注意1、2、3、4所指示的段落，即——1段、2段。英文的段落中心一般在該段的第一句或第二句(ButHowevernowso“____”:)等。并注意該段中的中文注釋。然后注意段落中是否重復(fù)選項(xiàng)中的單詞。如沒有，可參看最后一句。有時(shí)，會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義詞與近意詞的更換如：usedcar(二手車）——secondhandcar（二手車），key(重要的)——important(重要的)。最后一段的段落中心往往在該段的第一句或段尾。如有多個(gè)重復(fù)，一般以重復(fù)多為準(zhǔn)。第一段可以參考題目與第一句如遇找不到時(shí)，跳過此題，先做容易，后做難的。這樣可縮小選擇范圍，做完一個(gè)劃掉一個(gè)。概括大意中的補(bǔ)全句子讀一下選項(xiàng),先讀能讀懂的，并將符合邏輯的勾出。可以從課文中找到與選項(xiàng)中相同的句子和詞組，從周圍或段首與段尾中找與選項(xiàng)中重復(fù)的單詞，一般就是正確答案。以重復(fù)多的為準(zhǔn)。先找容易的。做完一個(gè)劃掉一個(gè)。正規(guī)考試時(shí)，一般出題是按文章順序。第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。MultipleSclerosis(多發(fā)性硬化癥)1MultipleSclerosis(MS)isadiseaseinwhichthepatient'simmune(免疫的)systemattacksthecentralnervoussystem.Thiscanleadtonumerousphysicalandmentalsymptoms,asthediseaseaffectsthetransmissionofelectricalsignalsbetweenthebodyandthebrain.However,thehumanbody,beingaflexible,adaptablesystem,cancompensateforsomelevelofdamage,soapersonwithMScanlookandfeelfineeventhoughthediseaseispresent.2MSpatientscanhaveoneoftwomainvarietiesofthedisease:therelapsingform(復(fù)發(fā)型)andtheprimaryprogressiveform.Intherelapsingform,thediseaseprogressesinaseriesofjumps;attimesitisinremission(減輕).whichmeansthataperson'snormalfunctionsreturnforaperiodoftimebeforethesystemgoesintorelapseandthediseaseagainbecomesmoreactive.ThisisthemostcommonformofMS;80-90%ofpeoplehavethisformofthediseasewhentheyarefirstdiagnosed.Therelapse-remissioncyclecancontinueformanyyears.Eventually,however,Iossofphysicalandcognitivefunctionsstartstotakeplaceandtheremissionsbecomelessfrequent.3IntheprimaryprogressiveformofMS,therearenoremissionsandacontinualbutsteadylossofphysicalandcognitivefunctionstakesplace.Thisconditionaffectsabout10-15%ofsufferersatdiagnosis.4Theexpectedcourseofthedisease,orprognosis(預(yù)后),dependsonmanyvariables:thesubtypeofthedisease,thepatient'sindividualcharacteristicsandtheinitialsymptoms.Lifeexpectancyofpatients,however,isoftennearlythesameasthatofanunaffectedperson-providedthatareasonablestandardofcareisreceived.Insomecasesanear-normallifespanispossible.5Thecauseofthediseaseisunclear;itseemsthatsomepeoplehaveageneticSusceptibility(易感性),whichistriggeredbysomeunknownenvironmentalfactor.Onset(發(fā)作)ofthediseaseusuallyoccursinyoungadultsbetweentheagesof20and40.Itismorecommoninwomenthanmen;however,ithasalsobeendiagnosedinyoungchildrenandinelderlypeople.23.Paragraph1_____24.Paragraph2_____25.Paragraph3_____26.Paragraph4_____A.TherelapsingformofMSB.ThecauseofMSC.TheprimaryprogressiveformofMSD.ThedefinitionofMSE.ThedevelopmentofMSF.ThetreatmentforMS27.MSaffectsthecommunicationofnervecellsbetweenthebodyand______28.AnMSpatientcanfeelfineforyearswithoutbeingaffectedmuchby______29.10-15%ofMSpatientsarediagnosedashaving______30.Youngadultsmighthaveahigherchanceofdevelopingthediseasethan______A.theelderlypeopleB.relativesofMSpatientsC.theprogressiveformD.thebrainE.lifeexpectancyF.thedisease講解：MultipleSclerosis(多發(fā)性硬化癥)1MultipleSclerosis(MS)isadiseaseinwhichthepatient'simmune(免疫的)systemattacksthecentralnervoussystem.Thiscanleadtonumerousphysicalandmentalsymptoms,asthediseaseaffectsthetransmissionofelectricalsignalsbetweenthebodyandthebrain.However,thehumanbody,beingaflexible,adaptablesystem,cancompensateforsomelevelofdamage,soapersonwithMScanlookandfeelfineeventhoughthediseaseispresent.2MSpatientscanhaveoneoftwomainvarietiesofthedisease:therelapsingform(復(fù)發(fā)型)andtheprimaryprogressiveform.Intherelapsingform,thediseaseprogressesinaseriesofjumps;attimesitisinremission(減輕).whichmeansthataperson'snormalfunctionsreturnforaperiodoftimebeforethesystemgoesintorelapseandthediseaseagainbecomesmoreactive.ThisisthemostcommonformofMS;80-90%ofpeoplehavethisformofthediseasewhentheyarefirstdiagnosed.Therelapse-remissioncyclecancontinueformanyyears.Eventually,however,Iossofphysicalandcognitivefunctionsstartstotakeplaceandtheremissionsbecomelessfrequent.3IntheprimaryprogressiveformofMS,therearenoremissionsandacontinualbutsteadylossofphysicalandcognitivefunctionstakesplace.Thisconditionaffectsabout10-15%ofsufferersatdiagnosis.4Theexpectedcourseofthedisease,orprognosis(預(yù)后),dependsonmanyvariables:thesubtypeofthedisease,thepatient'sindividualcharacteristicsandtheinitialsymptoms.Lifeexpectancyofpatients,however,isoftennearlythesameasthatofanunaffectedperson-providedthatareasonablestandardofcareisreceived.Insomecasesanear-normallifespanispossible.5Thecauseofthediseaseisunclear;itseemsthatsomepeoplehaveageneticSusceptibility(易感性),whichistriggeredbysomeunknownenvironmentalfactor.Onset(發(fā)作)ofthediseaseusuallyoccursinyoungadultsbetweentheagesof20and40.Itismorecommoninwomenthanmen;however,ithasalsobeendiagnosedinyoungchildrenandinelderlypeople.23.Paragraph1_____D.ThedefinitionofMS注解：definition定義，一般為第一段的答案。24.Paragraph2_____A.TherelapsingformofMS注解：注意［：］號(hào)［“”］號(hào)--英文的段落中心一般在該段的第一句或第二句(ButHowevernowso“____”:)等。25.Paragraph3_____C.TheprimaryprogressiveformofMS注解：第三段第一句重復(fù)。26.Paragraph4_____E.ThedevelopmentofMS注解：此題不好做，建議放棄。A.TherelapsingformofMSB.ThecauseofMSC.TheprimaryprogressiveformofMSD.ThedefinitionofMSE.ThedevelopmentofMSF.ThetreatmentforMS27.MSaffectsthecommunicationofnervecellsbetweenthebodyand_D.thebrain_____注解：可以從課文中找到與選項(xiàng)中相同的句子和詞組，從周圍或段首與段尾中找與選項(xiàng)中重復(fù)的單詞，一般就是正確答案。以重復(fù)多的為準(zhǔn)。28.AnMSpatientcanfeelfineforyearswithoutbeingaffectedmuchby__F.thedisease____29.10-15%ofMSpatientsarediagnosedashaving__C.theprogressiveform____30.Youngadultsmighthaveahigherchanceofdevelopingthediseasethan___A.theelderlypeople___A.theelderlypeopleB.relativesofMSpatientsC.theprogressiveformD.thebrainE.lifeexpectancyF.thedisease第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46~50題，每題2分，共10分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。TheMysteriesofNazcaInthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(迷惑)peoplefordecades.(46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren’tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytolandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(記錄)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets.(48)later,anastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldn’tfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace.Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.BritishresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesRecently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedthatlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesintheworldandreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingforancientwatersourcesinthearea,henoticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientpeoplewereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantmapoftheundergroundwaterinthearea(50)A.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld”.B.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.C.Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.D.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.E.ASwisswriternamedErichVonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.F.Thelargestpicturesmayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.講解：TheMysteriesofNazcaInthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(迷惑)peoplefordecades.(46)B.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren’tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.(47)E.ASwisswriternamedErichVonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytolandaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthed