2020年10月全國自學考試00012《英語(一)》真題試卷及參考答案

絕密＊考試結(jié)束前全國2020年10月高等教育自學考試英語（一）試題課程代碼：000121.請考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂、寫在答題紙上。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的考試課程名稱、姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆填寫在答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。選擇題部分注意事項：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題紙上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。不能答在試題卷上。第一部分：閱讀判斷（第1~10題，每題1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，選擇C。在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上將答案選項涂黑。AustralianAborigines（土著居民）SomeaboriginesliveinthedesertofWesternAustralia.Theygatherwildplantsandhuntwildanimals.Theirdesertenvirorunentaverageslessthaneightinchesofrainperyear.Andthetemperatureinsummermayriseto48°C.Thefewpermanent（永久的）waterholesareseparatedbyhundredsofsquaremilesofsandandrock.Onatypicalday,theaboriginesgetupjustbeforesunrise.Thepeoplebreakfastonwaterandfoodleftoverfromthenightbefore.Childrenaresenttofetchwater.Inthecooloftheearlymorning,theadultstalkandmakeplansfortheday.Whereshouldtheygoforfood—toplacestheyhavebeentorecently,ortonewplaces?Thewomendecidewhichplantstheywanttocollect,andwherethoseplantsaremostlikelytobefound.Thentheytakeuptheirsticksandsetoutwithlargewoodenbowlsofdrinkingwaterontheirheads.Theirchildrenrideontheirhips（膀）orwalkalongside.Meanwhile,themenmayhavedecidedtohuntanimals.Theygotoastreamwheretheywillwaittogetanyanimalthatmaycomealong.Theyliepatientlybehindascreenofbushtheyhavesetup,hopingforachancetothrowaspear（矛）attheanimal.Iftheymiss,theanimalwillrunaway.Sotheycanonlythrowonce.Bynoon,themenandwomenarebackatcamp.Thewomenareusuallywiththeirwoodenbowlseachfilledwithfruitsorotherplantfoods;themenareoftenwithonlysomesmallanimalssuchasrabbits.Sincethemen'sfood-gettingislesscertainofsuccessthanthewomen's,mostoftheaborigines'dietisplantfood.I.SomeAustralianaborigineslivebyhuntingandcollectingwildplants.A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven2.Therearemanypermanentwaterholesneartheaborigines'homes.A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven3.Theaboriginechildrenusuallystartschoolingaroundeightyearsold.A.TrueB.False4.Theaboriginesgetupearlyinthemorning.A.TrueB.False5.Theaborigineshavesupperleftoversforbreakfast.A.TrueB.False6.Theaborigineadultsmakeplansintheevening.A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGivenC.NotGivenC.NotGivenC.NotGiven7.Whensettingouttowork,theaboriginewomenleavetheirchildrenathome.A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven8.Theaboriginemenrunafterwildanimalsandtrytocatchthem.A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGiven9.Theaboriginesmainlyeatplantfood.A.TrueB.FalseIO.Theaborigines'dietmakesthemstrongandhealthy.A.TrueB.FalseC.NotGivenC.NotGiven第二部分：閱讀選擇（第11~15題，每題2分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，請從短文后所給各題的4個選項(A、B、C、D)中選出1個最佳選項，井在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上將該項涂黑。KeeperoftheSpringAnoldmanlivedinaquietforesthighaboveanAustrianvillagealongtheeasternsideoftheAlps（阿爾卑斯山）．Hehadbeenhiredmanyyearsearlierbyayoungmanfromthetowncouncil（委員會）toclearawaytherubbishfromthepoolsofwaterupinthemountainthatfedthelovelyspringflowingthroughtheirtown.Faithfullyandsilently,hewalkedaroundinthehillseveryday,removedtheleavesandbranches,andwipedawaythemudthatwouldotherwisehavechokedandpollutedthefreshflowofwater.Thevillagesoonbecameapopularattractionforvacationers.Yearspassed.Oneeveningthetowncouncilmetforitsmonthlymeeting.Astheyreviewedthebudget,oneman'seyecaughtthesalarybeingpaidtothekeeperofthespring.Saidthekeeperofthepurse,"Whoistheoldman?Whydowekeephimonyearafteryear?Nooneeverseeshim.Forallweknow,heisdoingusnogood.Heisn'tnecessaryanylonger."Afteravote,theystoppedtheoldman'sservices.Forseveralweeks,nothingchanged.Byearlyautumn,thebranchesandleavesoftreesbegantofallintothepools,blockingtherushingflowofwater.Withinafewdays,thewaterbecamedarkeranddarker.Withinanotherweek,aterriblesmellwasdetected（覺察）．Soon,fingersofdiseasereacheddeeplyintothevillage.Realizingtheirerrorofjudgment,thecouncilrehiredtheoldkeeperofthespringand,withinafewweeks,theriveroflifebegantoclearup.Neverbecomediscouragedwiththeseemingsmallnessofyourtask,job,orlife.Thekeytoachievementisbelievingthatwhatyoucandowillmakeadifference.11.TheoldmanwashiredtoA.keepthepoolsofwatercleanC.lookafterthetreesintheforestB.feedthelovelyspringD.managethetowncouncil12.Touristscomingtothevillageweremainlyattractedby.A.thetowncouncilbuildingC.thelovelyspringB.theoldmanD.thequietforest13.Thetowncouncilfiredtheoldmanbecausetheythought.A.hisjobwasnotusefulC.hedidnotdohisjobwellB.hissalarywastoohighD.hewastoooldforthejob14.Whathappenedaftertheoldmanwasdismissed?A.Thetreesbegantodieoff.B.Villagersmovedintotheforest..Diseasesspreadinthevillage.C.Thespringbecamedry.D.D15.Whatcanwelearnfromthistext?A.Nopain,nogain.B.Everyjobisworthhaving.C.Practicemakesperfect.D.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.非選擇題部分注意事項：用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆將答案寫在答題紙上，不能答在試題卷上。第三部分：概括段落大意和補全句子（第16~25題，每題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，請完成短文后的2項測試任務(wù)：（I)從第16~20題后所給的6個選項中為第0~＠段每段選擇l個正確的小標題；（2）從第21~25題后所給的6個選項中選擇5個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。在答題紙相應(yīng)位置寫出答案代碼。SuperSenseofSmell0Dogshaveasurprisingsenseofsmell.Itallowsthemtoperformexcellentlyatsearch-and-rescueoperations.Italsoenablesthemtodetectbombs.Theycanevensniff（嗅）outchemicalchangesresultingfromcertaindiseases.Therefore,dogsaretrainedtosavepeople'slives.@Dogsbegintrainingwhentheyaretwomonthsold.Theirownersdropthemoffattrainingcentersfrom9am.to5p.m.everyweekday.Duringthetime,trainersplayhide-and-seekwiththedogstotraintheirsenseofsmell.Theyteachthedogstoclimbladdersandrunpastobstacles（障礙）．Theyalsoexposethedogstoloudnoises.@)Diseaseshavespecificsmells.Althoughthesmellsareusuallytoosubtleforhumannosestodetect,dogscantellsomethingiswrongandwarnpeopleabouttheproblembybarking.Manypeoplehavereportedthattheirdogswarnedthemofanillness.0Scientistsaretrainingdogstodetectdisease.Adogisaskedtosniffawheel.Bloodsamplesfromdifferentpeopleareattachedtotheoutsideofthewheel.Bloodfromacancerpatienthasaslightlydifferentsmellthanbloodfromahealthyperson.Thedogmustfigureoutwhichbloodsampletopick.0Scientistsareworkingtodesignanelectronicnosethatcansniffoutcancer.Todothat,theyneedtofigureoutwhatmolecules（分子）aresentoutfromthecancer.Thentheycancreateamixturewithsimilarsmelltothatofthecancer.Oncescientistsknowwhichmoleculesmatchthecancer'ssmell,e-nosecouldbedesignedtodetectcancer.Taskl16.Paragraph0:A.ElectronicnosedesignB.Bloodsampledetection17.Paragraph8:C.Moleculestructure18.Paragraph@:19.Paragraph0:D.Trainingfordogs20.Paragraph0:E.Life-savingabilityofdogsF.Dogs'abilitytodetectdiseasesTask221.Dogscanrecognizechemicalchanges22.Dogsaresenttotrainingcenters23.Dogssometimescanwarntheirowners24.Dogsaretrainedtodetectdiseases25.Todesignane-nose,scientistsmustfindout.A.totraintheirsenseofsmellB.toperformsearchandrescueC.whicharecausedbydiseasesD.whosufferfromcertaincancersE.whichmoleculesgowithcancerF.byrecognizingcertainbloodsamples一第四部分：填句補文（第26~30題，每題2分，共10分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌，井在答題紙相應(yīng)位置寫出答案代碼。SummerSchoolItwasthefirstweekofJune.Gabijustfinishedherthirdyearofhighschool.However,whenshereceivedherreportcardinthemail,shelearnedthatshefailedasemesterofalgebra（代數(shù)）．26Gabiwasgladshehadthechancetomakeupfortheclass.Shecan'tmoveontothenextlevelinmathifshedoesn'tpassalgebra.Summerschoolisn'teasythough._JJ__Duringtheregularschoolyear,however,shehastwentyweekstodoso.SummerschoolmeantthatGabiwouldbestuckinahotclassroomwhilemostofherfriendswereatthebeachorlocalamusementparks.Gabi'sfriendsdidn'tfailanycourse.---2.LGoingtosummerschoolalsomeantthatGabi'sfamilyhadtochangetheirsummervacationplans.Gabihadtobeinsummerschoolfrom9a.m.tonoon.29Shehadtobeonthebusatleastanhourbeforeclassstartedorelseshewouldbelate.Theclassroomswerehotsincetheschoolbuildingwasoldanddidnothaveairconditioning.WhenGabicamehomefromschool,shecouldn'tdowhatevershewanted.Shehadhomeworktodo.ThiswasthefirsttimeGabihadtogotosummerschool.___JQ_Shemadeapromisetoherself.Inthefall,whenregularclassesbeginagain,shewilltryherhardesttopassallthecourses.A.Shewantedittobethelasttime.B.Shecouldn'tstayuplateonweeknights.C.Gabiplannedtogotravellingnextsummer.D.Thismeantshehadtogotosummerschool.E.Gabihastomasterthematerialinsixweeks.F.Theycouldhavethewholesummerfreefromschoolwork.第五部分：填詞補文（第31~40題，每題1.5分，共15分）下面的短文有10處空白，短文后列出12個詞，其中10個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌，井在答題紙相應(yīng)位置寫出答案代碼。MythsofOurFinger-nailsEveryoneknowsyourfinger-nailscanshowwhetheryouareingoodhealthornot.Butthatisnotentirelytrue.Well,_ii_,thereareplentyofpeoplewithhealth____1Lwhohavenormal-lookingnails.Therecanbeasignificantnumberofwaysthatfinger-nailsofhealthypeoplecanlook___]1._.Sowhilepayingattentiontochangesinyournailsis____1Lthinkingthatthereisahealthproblemmaybetooearly.Somewomen__]Lthatrubbinggarlic（大蒜）ontheirnailshashelpedtheirnailsgrowlonger.Butthatisnotthecase.Keepingnails___J_Q__wetinproperwayscanhelp_]J__themfrombreaking,particularlyinthe--2.Landwintermonths.Itisagoodideato__12___handcreamonyourhandsandfinger-nailsafterwashingthem,whichwilloffer40frombadweather.A.differentE.actuallyI.useB.hopefullyF.protectionJ.issuesC.preventG.valuableK.autumnD.believeH.beautifulL.slightly第六部分：完形補文（第41~50題，每題1.5分，共15分）下面的短文有10處空白，每處空白后的括號內(nèi)有一個詞，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其正確的形式填入文中，以恢復文章原貌，并將答案代碼寫在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上。MarkSpitzMarkSpitzisoneofthe?(great)swimmersofalltime.He___ft_(obtain)sevengoldmedalsatthe1972MunichGames.AmericanMarkSpitzhad___1L(proud)predictedthathewouldwinsixgoldmedalsatthe1968MexicoCityGames.Althoughhe_____4L_(do)takehometwogoldmedalsfromtherelays（接力），heperformedwellbelow____1L(expect)inhisindividualraces.Atthe1972MunichGames,Spitzwas_1L(determine)tomakeupforhispoor____1L(perform)fouryearsearlier.Thistimehewasquite__1L_(success).Overaperiodofeightdays,MarkSpitzenteredseven----1.L_(event),wonallsevenandsetaworldrecordineveryone.MarkSpitz----12._(hold)therecordformostgoldmedalswonatasingleOlympicGamesfor36years.Itwas?(final)brokenbyMichaelPhelpswhowoneightgoldmedalsatthe2008BeijingGames.第七部分：短文寫作（第51題，30分）請根據(jù)所提供材料中的要求完成一篇80詞左右的英文寫作任務(wù)。將你的答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)的位置上。51.某英文報社正在舉辦題為“MyDreamJob”的征文活動。請你根據(jù)下述寫作要點提交一篇英文短文應(yīng)征?！つ阕钕胱龅墓ぷ魇鞘裁础つ銥槭裁醋钕胱鲞@個工作絕密＊啟用前2020年10月高等教育自學考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試英語（一）試題答案及評分參考（課程代碼00012)第一部分：閱讀判斷（第