(完整版)直接引語和間接引語用法講解

直接引語和間接引語用法講解一、概述引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話時有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語（directspeech）。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語（indirectspeech）oMr.Blacksaid,“I'mbusy.”Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.二、直接引語陳述句直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動詞，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1、人稱的變化Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”—Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.（I改為he,it不變）Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”—HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.（You改為I,me改為him,told改為hadtold）Hesaidtome,“She'sleftherbookinyourroom”.—Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.（She's—shehad，her不變，your—my）直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱（如:I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours）變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you,your,yours)變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會人為確定一個人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their，theirs，them)變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱不變。2、時態(tài)的變化(1)主句的謂語動詞是一般時和過去時直接引語間接引語般現(xiàn)在時般過去時現(xiàn)在進彳丁時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時(不變)般將來時過去將來時般將來進行時過去將來進行時般將來完成時過去將來完成時Hesaid,“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”—HesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife.”—Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”—ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”—Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”—Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.ZhouLansaid,“I'lldoitafterclass.”—ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.Hesaid,“l(fā)shallbedoingmyhomeworkthen.”—Hesaidthatheshouldbedoinghishomeworkthen.Hesaid,“Weshallhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.”—Hesaidthattheyshouldhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”—Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.Hesaid,“IwasborninShangdongin1965.”—HesaidthathewasborninShangdongin1965.(2)主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一律不變Hesays,“Ifinishedthework.Hesaysthathefinishedthe