(完整版)語言學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯中英文對(duì)照版

語言學(xué)術(shù)語（英-漢對(duì)照）表appropriateness適宜性得體性broadening詞義擴(kuò)大Aapproximant無摩擦延續(xù)音Browncorpus布朗語料庫abbreviation縮寫詞，略語aptitudetest素質(zhì)測(cè)試Cablative奪格，離格Arabic阿拉伯語calculability可計(jì)算性accent重音（符）arbitrariness任意性calque仿造仿造詞語accusative賓格argument中項(xiàng)中詞主目cancellability可刪除achievementtest成績(jī)測(cè)試article冠詞cardinalnumeral基數(shù)acousticphonetics聲學(xué)語音學(xué)articulation發(fā)音cardinalvowel基本元音acquisition習(xí)得articulator發(fā)音器官case格acronym縮略語articulatoryphonetics發(fā)音語音學(xué)casegrammar格語法actionprocess動(dòng)作過程artificialspeech人工言語casetheory格理論actor動(dòng)作者aspect體category范疇addressform稱呼形式aspirated吐氣送氣categoricalcomponent范疇成分addressee受話人assimilation同化causative使役的使投動(dòng)詞addresser發(fā)話人associative聯(lián)想center中心詞adjective形容詞associativemeaning聯(lián)想意義centraldeterminer中心限定詞adjunct修飾成分附加語assonance準(zhǔn)壓韻半諧音chainrelation鏈狀關(guān)系adverb副詞attributive屬性修飾語定語chainsystem鏈狀系統(tǒng)affix詞綴auditoryphonetics聽覺語音學(xué)choice選擇affixation詞綴附加法authenticinput真實(shí)投入choicesystem選擇系統(tǒng)affricate塞擦音authorialstyle權(quán)威風(fēng)格circumstance環(huán)境因子agreement一致關(guān)系authoringprogram編程class詞類airstream氣流autonomy自主性classshift詞性變換alliteration頭韻auxiliary助詞clause小句從句allomorph詞/語素變體auxiliaryverb助動(dòng)詞click吸氣音咂音allophone音位變體Bclipping截?cái)喾╝llophonicvariation音位變體babblingstage嬰兒語階段closedclass封閉類allophony音位變體現(xiàn)象back-formation逆構(gòu)詞法closedsyllable閉音節(jié)alveolarridge齒齦basecomponent基礎(chǔ)部分cluster音叢alveolar齒齦音behaviouralprocess行為過程coarticulation協(xié)同發(fā)音ambiguity歧義behaviourism行為主義coda結(jié)尾音節(jié)符尾analogicalcreation類推造字bilabial雙唇音code語碼信碼anapest抑抑揚(yáng)格bilabialnasal雙唇鼻音cognitivepsychology認(rèn)知心理學(xué)anaphor前指替代bilateralopposition雙邊對(duì)立cognitivesystem認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)anaphoricreference前指照應(yīng)bilingualism雙語現(xiàn)象coherence相關(guān)關(guān)聯(lián)animate有生命的binarydivision二分法cohension銜接annotation注解binaryfeature二分特征co-hyponym同下義詞antecedent先行詞前在詞binarytaxonomy二分分類學(xué)colligation類連結(jié)anthropologicallinguistics人類語言binding制約collocativemeaning搭配意義學(xué)bindingtheory制約論colorword色彩詞anticipatorycoarticulation逆化協(xié)同blade舌葉舌面前部colorwordsystem色彩詞系統(tǒng)發(fā)音blankverse無韻詩command指令antonomasia換稱代類名blending混成法commoncore共核antonym反義詞borrowing借用借詞commonnoun普通名詞antonymy反義（關(guān)系）boundmorpheme粘著語素communication交際appellative稱謂性boundingtheory管轄論communicativecompetence交際能appliedlinguistics應(yīng)用語言學(xué)bracketing括號(hào)法力appliedsociolinguistics應(yīng)用社會(huì)語brevitymaxim簡(jiǎn)潔準(zhǔn)則communicativedynamism,CD交際言學(xué)bridging架接性動(dòng)力appropriacy適宜性broadtranscription寬式音標(biāo)communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交際語言教學(xué)法communicativeSentencePattern,CSP交際性句子模式communicativesyllabus交際教學(xué)大綱communicativetest交際性測(cè)試communicative-grammaticalapproach交際-語法教學(xué)法compactdisk激光盤comparativedegree比較級(jí)competence能力complement補(bǔ)語complementaryantonym互補(bǔ)反義詞complementaryantonymy互補(bǔ)反義關(guān)系complementarydistribution互補(bǔ)分布complexpredicate復(fù)合謂語component成分componentialanalysis成分分析compositeproposition復(fù)合命題compositionality復(fù)合性compound復(fù)合詞復(fù)合句comprehension理解computation計(jì)算computationallinguistics計(jì)算語言學(xué)computationalsystem計(jì)算系統(tǒng)computer-assistedlearning,CAL計(jì)算機(jī)輔助學(xué)習(xí)computercorpus計(jì)算機(jī)語料庫computerhardware計(jì)算機(jī)硬件computerliteracy計(jì)算機(jī)操作能力computernetworks計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)computersystem計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)computer-assistedinstruction,CAI計(jì)算機(jī)輔助教學(xué)computer-assistedlearning,CALL計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語言學(xué)習(xí)conative意動(dòng)的concept概念conceptualmeaning概念意義concord一致(關(guān)系)concordance共現(xiàn)關(guān)系concretenoun具體名詞concurrent同時(shí)發(fā)生的conjugation詞形變化conjunct連接副詞conjunction連接詞conjunctionbuttressing連接詞支撐connotation內(nèi)涵consequent跟隨成分consonance輔音韻consonant輔音constantopposition不變對(duì)立constative表述的constituentcommand成分指令constituentproposition成分命題constituentstructureanalysis成分結(jié)構(gòu)分析constituent成分construct編制constructvalidity編制效度construction構(gòu)建constructivism構(gòu)建主義contentanalysis內(nèi)容分析contentvalidity內(nèi)容效度contentword實(shí)義詞contextdependent語境依賴的contextofsituation情景語境context語境contextualanalyses語境分析contextualmeaning語境意義contrastiveanalysis對(duì)比分析controltheory控制理論controlledlanguage有控制的語言convention常規(guī)規(guī)約conventionalmeaning常規(guī)意義規(guī)約意義conventionality常規(guī)性規(guī)約性conversationalimplicature會(huì)話含義conversationalmaxim會(huì)話準(zhǔn)則converseantonymy相反反義現(xiàn)象conversion變換cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原則coordinateconstruction并列結(jié)構(gòu)coordination并列coreferential互參的coronal舌面前音corpusdata語料庫語料corpus(plcorpora)語料素材corpuslinguistics語料庫語言學(xué)context上下文countable可數(shù)(名詞)counterfactualproposition反事實(shí)命題couplet對(duì)句對(duì)聯(lián)creativity創(chuàng)造性原創(chuàng)性Creole克里澳爾語混和語cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交際cross-linguistic跨語言的culturally-specific文化特異的curriculum教學(xué)大綱customizing定制的Ddactyl揚(yáng)抑抑格Danilanguage達(dá)尼語dataretrieval,DR資料檢索database數(shù)據(jù)庫dative(case)與格dativemovement與格移動(dòng)declarative陳述句decoding解碼deductive演繹的deepstructure深層結(jié)構(gòu)defeasibility消除可行性definite有定的degeneratedata無用的語料deixis指稱delicacy精密階denotation外延指稱dental齒音dentalization齒音化derivation衍生derivationalaffix衍生詞匯derivationalmorphology派生形態(tài)學(xué)descriptiveadequacy描寫充分性descriptivelinguistics描寫語言學(xué)designfeature結(jié)構(gòu)特征determiner限定詞developinggrammar發(fā)展語法deviant變體deviation偏離變異devoicing清音化diachroniclinguistics歷時(shí)語言學(xué)diachronic歷時(shí)的diacritic附加符號(hào)變音符diagnostictest診斷性測(cè)試dialect方言dialectology方言學(xué)digitizedsound數(shù)字化語音dimetre二音步詩行diphthong二合元音雙元音directobject直接賓語directspeech,DS直接言語directthought,DT直接思想directionality方向性discourse語篇話語discourseanalysis語篇分析話語分析discourseinterpretation語篇理解discrete分離的離散的discrete-pointgrammar離散語法discretepointtest分立性測(cè)試disjunction分離關(guān)系displacement移位dissimilation異化（作用）distinctivefeature區(qū)別性特征distinguisher辯義成分do-insertionruledo添加規(guī)則domain范圍領(lǐng)域dorsal舌背音舌中音dorsum舌背（音）doublecomparative雙重比較drill-and-practicesoftware操練軟件D-structureD結(jié)構(gòu)dual雙數(shù)dualisticview二分觀點(diǎn)duality二重性EearlyModernEnglish早期現(xiàn)代英語economy經(jīng)濟(jì)性簡(jiǎn)潔性ejective爆發(fā)音electronicmail電子郵件ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白時(shí)期英語ellipsis省略（法）ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子結(jié)構(gòu)embeddedelement嵌入成分emic位學(xué)的emotive感情的empirical經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的empiricaldata經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的語料empiricalvalidity經(jīng)驗(yàn)效度empiricism經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義emptycategory,EC空范疇enablingskills使成技能化encoding編碼endrhyme末端韻endocentricconstruction內(nèi)向結(jié)構(gòu)entailment蘊(yùn)涵entrycondition入列條件epenthesis插音增音equipollentopposition均等對(duì)立equivalence相等equivalencereliability相等信度erroranalysis錯(cuò)誤分析EST科技英語ethnicityidentity民族認(rèn)同ethnographyofcommunication交際民族學(xué)etic非位的素的eventprocess事件過程example-basedmachinetranslation基于例句的機(jī)器翻譯exchangeerror交換錯(cuò)誤exchangesequence交際序列exchangestructure交際結(jié)構(gòu)exhaustive窮盡的徹底的existent存在物existential存在句existentialprocess存在過程existentialquantifier存在數(shù)量詞exocentric外向的exocentricconstruction外向結(jié)構(gòu)experiential經(jīng)驗(yàn)的experientialfunction經(jīng)驗(yàn)功能experimentalpsycholinguistics實(shí)驗(yàn)心理語言學(xué)explanatoryadequacy解釋充分性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明顯的語法教學(xué)法expressionminimization表達(dá)最底程度expressive表達(dá)的extendedstandardtheory,EST擴(kuò)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論extensive引申的擴(kuò)展的extent-conditionformat程度條件格式externalevaluation外部評(píng)估externalqualifier外部修飾語extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的錯(cuò)誤來源eyemovement眼部移動(dòng)Ffacevalidity卷面效度facilitation便利促進(jìn)Fasoldfeasibility可行性feature特征feedback反饋felicitycondition適宜性條件恰當(dāng)條件feminine陰性fiction小說figurativelanguage比喻性語言象征性語言figuresofspeech修辭手段修辭格finiteelement有定成分finite有定的有限的finitestategrammar有限狀態(tài)語法first-personnarrator第一人稱敘述者Firthianphonology弗斯音系學(xué)flap閃音flexibility靈活性變通性floppydisk軟盤focus焦點(diǎn)中心folketymology俗詞源學(xué)民間詞源foregroundedfeatures突出特征foregrounding突出前景話foreignlanguageteaching外語教學(xué)form形式formaldifference形式差異formalization形式化formation形成formative構(gòu)形成分構(gòu)詞成分freeform自由形式freeindirectspeech,FIS自由間接言語freeindirectthought,FIT自由間接思想freemorpheme自由語素freerootmorpheme自由詞根語素freevariant自由變體freeverse自由韻文French法語frequencyeffect頻率效應(yīng)fricative（摩）擦音friction摩擦front舌面前舌前的fullyautomatichighqualitytranslation,FAHQT全自動(dòng)高質(zhì)量翻譯functionword功能詞function功能functionalgrammar功能語法functionallinguistics功能語言學(xué)functionalsentenceperspective,FSP功能句子觀functionsoflanguage語言功能fusion溶合fuzzy模糊的Ggenderdifference性別差異generallinguistics普通語言學(xué)generalisation概括generativegrammar生成語法generativesemantics生成語言學(xué)genitive屬格所有格genre體裁語類German德語given(information)已給信息globaltask整體任務(wù)glottal喉音glottalstop喉塞音goal目標(biāo)governmenttheory支配理論government支配grammaticalanalysis語法分析grammaticalfunction;;grammaticalstructure語法結(jié)構(gòu)gradableantonymy分等級(jí)的反義關(guān)系gradualopposition漸次對(duì)立grammaticalcategory語法范疇grammaticalconcept語法概念grammaticaldescription語法描寫grammaticalform語法形式grammaticalmarker語法標(biāo)記grammaticalmeaning語法意義grammaticalorganization語法組成grammaticalpattern語法類型grammaticalprocess語法過程grammaticalrule語法規(guī)則grammaticalsentencepattern,GSP語法句形grammaticalstructure語法結(jié)構(gòu)grammaticalsubject語法主語grammaticalsystem語法系統(tǒng)grammaticalword語法詞graphiticform文字形式GriceanmaximGrice準(zhǔn)則group詞組guttural腭音Hhalf-rhyme半韻hardpalate硬腭head中心詞中心成分headedconstruction中心結(jié)構(gòu)heptameter七音步詩行hierarchicalstructure等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)hierarchicalsystem等級(jí)系統(tǒng)hierarchy等級(jí)體系high高(元音)historicallinguistics歷史語言學(xué)holophrasticstage單詞句階段homonym同音/形異議詞HopiHopi語horizontalrelation鏈狀關(guān)系Hornscale霍恩階humancognitivesystem人類認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)humanlanguage人類語言humanspeech人類言語humantranslation人譯hypercorrection矯枉過正hyponym下義詞hyponymy下義關(guān)系hypothesis假設(shè)hypothesis-deduction假設(shè)-演繹Iiamb抑揚(yáng)格iambicpentameter抑揚(yáng)格五音步詩行ICanalysis直接成分分析法ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語言學(xué)習(xí)ideational(function)概念功能identifying認(rèn)同的idiom成語習(xí)語idiomatically-governed習(xí)語支配的ill-formedsentences不合適的句子illocutionaryact話中行為施為性行為illocutionaryforce言外作用施為作用imaginative(function)想象功能immediacyassumption即時(shí)假定immediateconstituentanalysis直接成分分析法imperativerule祈使規(guī)則imperative祈使語氣命令的implicate意含implication蘊(yùn)涵含義implicationconnective蘊(yùn)涵連接implicature含義言外之意impliedmeaning蘊(yùn)涵意義implosive內(nèi)破裂音內(nèi)爆音inanimate無生命的inclusivenessrelation內(nèi)包意義indefinite不定的，無定的indicative陳述式陳述語氣indirectobject間接賓語indirctspeech,IS間接言語indirectthought,IT間接思想Indo-Europeanlanguages印歐語inference推論推理inferencedrawing推論inferentialcommunication推論交際infinitive不定式infix中綴inflection屈折(變化)inflectionalaffix屈折詞綴inflectionalmorphology屈折形態(tài)學(xué)inflectiveendings屈折結(jié)尾informationretrieval信息檢索informationstructure信息結(jié)構(gòu)informative(function)信息功innateness先天性innatenesshypothesis(語法)天賦假設(shè)input輸入inputhypothesis語言輸入說instrumental(function)工具功integrativetest綜合性測(cè)試intensifier強(qiáng)調(diào)成分intensive強(qiáng)調(diào)的增強(qiáng)的interactional(function)交互功能能interdental齒間音interface界面interference干擾interjection感嘆詞interlanguage中介語interlingua國(guó)際語interlingualapproach語際法interlocutor會(huì)話者internalevaluation內(nèi)部評(píng)估internalstructure內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)internationalphoneticalphabet,IPA國(guó)際音標(biāo)internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)interpersonal人際的interpersonalfunction人際功能能interpretation解釋interrogativesentence疑問句intonation語調(diào)intra-linguisticrelation語言內(nèi)關(guān)系intransitive不及物的intrinsicsourcesoferror錯(cuò)誤的內(nèi)源invariableword不變?cè)~invention新創(chuàng)詞語inversion倒置，倒裝IPAchart國(guó)際音標(biāo)圖IPSsymbol國(guó)際音標(biāo)符號(hào)irony諷刺反話isolatedopposition孤立對(duì)立Italian意大利語JJapanese日語jargon黑話行語Jesperson,OttoJohnson&JohnsonJohnsonJones,DanielKkernelsentence核心句keyword關(guān)鍵詞knowledge知識(shí)knowninformation已知信息KrashenKruszewski,MikolajKuno,SusumoLlabel標(biāo)示標(biāo)記labial唇音labiodental唇齒音language語言languageacquisitiondevice,LAD語言習(xí)得機(jī)制languageattitude語言態(tài)度languagechoice語言選擇languagecomprehension語言理解languagedata語言素材languagelearning語言學(xué)習(xí)languagemaintenance語言維護(hù)languageprocessing語言處理languagestructure語言結(jié)構(gòu)languagesystem語言系統(tǒng)languageteaching語言教學(xué)languageuniversal語言普遍性languageuse語言使用langue語言(系統(tǒng))larynx喉頭lateral邊音旁流音Latin拉丁語Latingrammar拉丁語法laxvowel松元音length長(zhǎng)度音長(zhǎng)letter字母level層，級(jí)，平面Levinson,Stephenlexeme詞位詞素lexicalambiguity詞匯歧義lexicalchange詞匯變化lexicallevel詞匯層lexicalmeaning詞匯意義lexicalmorphology詞匯形態(tài)學(xué)lexicalstudies詞匯研究lexicalword詞匯詞lexicogrammar詞匯語法lexicon詞匯詞典lexis詞liaison連音連續(xù)limerick打油詩line詩行l(wèi)inearphonology線性音系學(xué)linearstructure線形結(jié)構(gòu)linguisticuniversity語言普遍性linguisticbehaviour語言行為linguisticbehaviourpotential語言行為潛勢(shì)linguisticcompetence語言能力linguisticcontext語言語境上下文linguisticdata語言素材linguisticdescription語言描寫linguisticdeterminism語言決定論linguisticfacts語言事實(shí)linguisticrelativity語言相對(duì)性linguisticsexism語言性別歧視linguisticstructure語言結(jié)構(gòu)linguistictheory語言理論linguisticunit語言單位linguisticuniversal語言普遍性linguisticvariation語言變異linguistics語言學(xué)liprounding圓唇化literallanguage本義語言literarystylistics文學(xué)文體學(xué)loantranslation翻譯借詞loanblend混合借詞loanshift轉(zhuǎn)移借詞loanword借詞localareanetworks,LAN局域網(wǎng)locutionaryact發(fā)話行為，表述性言語行為logicalcomponent邏輯成分logicalconnective邏輯連詞logicalformcomponent邏輯式成分logicalformrepresentation邏輯式表達(dá)logicalformula邏輯公式logicalfunction邏輯功能logicalsemantics邏輯語義學(xué)logicalstructure邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)logicalsubject邏輯主語logophoricity詞照應(yīng)LondonSchool倫敦學(xué)派longvowed長(zhǎng)元音lossofsound語音脫落loudness響度Mmachinetranslation機(jī)器翻譯macrolinguistics宏觀語言學(xué)macroproposition宏觀命題macrostructure宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)mainclause主句Malinowski,Bronislawman-machinesymbiosis人機(jī)共生mannermaxim方式準(zhǔn)則mannerofarticulation發(fā)音方式marked標(biāo)記的masculine陽性matalinguistic元語言學(xué)的material(process)物質(zhì)過程mathematicalprinciples數(shù)學(xué)原理maxim準(zhǔn)則maximalonsetprinciple最大節(jié)首輔音原則meaningpotential意義潛勢(shì)meaningshift轉(zhuǎn)移.,->v.meaning意義mental（processs）思維過程心理過程mentalism心靈主義message信息metafunction元功能metalinguistic元語言的metaphor隱喻metathesis換位（作用）metonymy換喻轉(zhuǎn)喻metre韻律metricalpatterning韻律格式microcomputer微機(jī)microprocessor微處理器mid中（元音）mind思維minimalattachmenttheory最少接觸理論minimalpair最小對(duì)立體minimalistprogramminimumfreeform最小自由形式mirrormaxim鏡像準(zhǔn)則mistake錯(cuò)誤modalsubject語氣主語modalverb情態(tài)動(dòng)詞modality情態(tài)modernFrench現(xiàn)代法語modification修飾modifier修飾語monomorphemic單語素的monophonemic單音位的monophthong單元音monosyllabic單音節(jié)的Motaguegrammar蒙太古語法mood語氣morph形素詞素形式morpheme語素詞素形素morpheme-exchangeerror詞素交錯(cuò)誤morphemicshape詞素形狀morphemicstructure詞素結(jié)構(gòu)morphemictranscription詞素標(biāo)音morphologicalchange形態(tài)變化morphologicalrule形態(tài)規(guī)則morphology形態(tài)學(xué)morpho-phonemiccomponent形態(tài)音位成分morphophonemics形態(tài)音位學(xué)morphophonology形態(tài)音系學(xué)morpho-syntacticalchange形態(tài)句法變化mothertongue母語本族語motivation動(dòng)因動(dòng)機(jī)move（移動(dòng)）MT機(jī)器翻譯MTquality機(jī)譯質(zhì)量multilateralopposition多邊對(duì)立multi-levelphonology多層次音系學(xué)multilingualism多語制多語現(xiàn)象Nnarratee被敘述者narrator敘述者narrator'srepresentationofspeechacts,NRSA言語行為的敘述者表達(dá)narrator'srepresentationofspeech,NRS言語的敘述者表達(dá)narrator'srepresentationofthoughtacts,NRTA思維行為的敘述者表達(dá)narrator'srepresentationofthought,NRT思維的敘述者表達(dá)narrowtranscription窄式音標(biāo)narrowing狹窄化nasal鼻音nasalcavity鼻腔nasalsound鼻音nasalstop鼻塞音nasaltract鼻道nasality鼻音性nasalization鼻音化Nash,Walternativespeaker操本族語者naturallanguage自然語言naturalisticdata自然語料near-adultgrammar近成人語法negation否定否定結(jié)構(gòu)negative否定的negativeinterference負(fù)面干擾negativemarker否定標(biāo)記negativetransfer負(fù)轉(zhuǎn)移neogrammarian新語法學(xué)家network網(wǎng)絡(luò)networkcomputer網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)neutralizableopposition可中立對(duì)newinformation新信息newstylistics新文體學(xué)node節(jié)nominalgroup名詞詞組nominalization名詞化nominative主格non-authenticinput非真實(shí)語料的輸入non-contrastiveanalysis非對(duì)比性分析non-conventionality非規(guī)約性non-detachability非可分離性non-linearphonology非線性音系學(xué)non-linguisticentity非語言實(shí)體non-pulmonicsound非肺閉塞音non-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性語篇non-reflexivepronoun非反身代詞nonsensewordstage無意義詞語階段nonverbalcues非言語提示norm規(guī)范notationsystem標(biāo)寫系統(tǒng)notion意念notional-functionalsyllabus意念功能教學(xué)大綱nounphrase名詞短語noun名詞numbersystem數(shù)字系統(tǒng)number數(shù)字Oobject賓語object-deletion賓語省略objectivecase賓格objectivity客觀性obligatory強(qiáng)制性observationaladequacy觀察充分性abstruction阻塞OCRscanner光學(xué)字符閱讀器掃描儀octametre八音步詩行OldEnglish古英語one-placepredicate一位謂語on-linetranslation在線翻譯onomatopoeia擬聲詞onset節(jié)首輔音openclass開放類詞poetic(function)詩學(xué)功能opensyllable開音節(jié)perlocutionaryact話后行為poetry詩歌operationalsystem操作系統(tǒng)perseverativecoarticulation重復(fù)性polymorphemic(word)多語素operative可操作性協(xié)同發(fā)音詞operator操作詞person人稱polysyllabic多音節(jié)（詞）oppositenessrelation對(duì)立關(guān)系personal(function)自指性功能polysystemicanalysis多系統(tǒng)分析opposition對(duì)立pharyngeal咽頭音喉音Portugese葡萄牙語optimalrelevance最適宜關(guān)聯(lián)pharynx喉頭positivetransfer正移轉(zhuǎn)option選擇phatic(communion)寒暄交談交感possessive所有的屬有的optional可選擇的性談話possiblegrammar可能語言的語oralcavity口腔phone音素音子法oralstop口阻塞音phonematicunit音聲單位postalveolar后齒齦音ordinalnumeral序數(shù)詞phoneme音位post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics后布龍originoflanguage語言起源phoneticalphabet音標(biāo)菲爾德語言學(xué)orthography正字法phoneticformcomponent語音形式postdeterminer后限定詞ostensivecommunication直示交部分post-structuralistview后結(jié)構(gòu)主義觀際phoneticsimilarity語音相似性點(diǎn)八、、output產(chǎn)出phoneticsymbol語音符號(hào)pragmaticinference語用推論overgeneralization過分法則化phonetictranscription標(biāo)音pragmaticroles語用角色P（法）pragmatics語用學(xué)palatal腭音舌面中音phonetics語音學(xué)PragueSchool布拉格學(xué)palatal-alveolar腭齒齦音phonologicalanalysis音位分析派palatalization(硬)腭化phonologicalcomponent音位部predeterminer前限定詞paradigm聚合體分predicatecalculus謂語演算paradigmaticrelation聚合關(guān)phonologicallevel音系層predicatelogic謂語邏輯系phonologicalprocess音位過程predicate謂語paraphrase釋義意譯phonologicalrepresentation音位表predicator謂語（動(dòng)）詞parole言語達(dá)predictivevalidity預(yù)測(cè)效度partofspeech詞類phonologicalrule音位規(guī)則pre-editing預(yù)先編輯譯前加工participant參與者phonologicalstructure音位結(jié)構(gòu)prefix前綴particle小品詞語助詞phonologicalsystem音位系統(tǒng)pre-modifiedinput預(yù)修正的輸particulargrammar特定語的語phonologicalvariant音位變體入法phonology音系學(xué)premodifier前修飾語partitive部分的部分格phrasalverb短語動(dòng)詞preposition介詞passivetransformation被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)phrase短語prepositionalcalculus介詞演算換phrasestructure短語結(jié)構(gòu)prepositionallogic介詞邏輯passive(voice)被動(dòng)語態(tài)phrasestructuregrammar短語結(jié)構(gòu)prepositionalopposition介詞對(duì)patterndrilltechnique句型操練語法立法phrasestructurerule,PSrule短語結(jié)prepositionalphrase介詞短pattern模式構(gòu)規(guī)則語patterning制定模式pidgin皮軟語洋涇濱語不純正外prescriptive規(guī)定式pause停頓語presupposition前提預(yù)設(shè)peak（節(jié)）峰Pitch音高聲調(diào)高低primarycardinalvowel主要基本元perceptualspan感知時(shí)距placeofarticulation發(fā)音部位音perfectionism完善主義play劇本primarystress主重音第一重音perfective完成體plosion爆破principleofinformativeness信息性performancetest語言運(yùn)用測(cè)試plosive爆破音爆發(fā)音原則performance語言運(yùn)plural復(fù)數(shù)principleofleasteffort最省力原用pluralism多元主義則performative(verb)行事性動(dòng)plurality復(fù)數(shù)形式principleofquantity數(shù)量原則privativeopposition表非對(duì)立表缺對(duì)立process過程productionerror產(chǎn)生性錯(cuò)誤productivity多產(chǎn)性proficiencytest水平測(cè)試pro-form代詞形式替代形式programminglanguage編程語言progressive進(jìn)行體progressiveassimilation順同化projectionrule投射規(guī)則pronominal代詞pronoun代詞pronunciation發(fā)音pronunciationdictionary發(fā)音詞典pronunciation發(fā)音proportionalopposition部分對(duì)proposition命題prosestyle散文風(fēng)格prosodicanalysis節(jié)律分析超音質(zhì)分析psycholinguistics心理語言學(xué)psycholinguistic-sociolinguisticapproach心理-社會(huì)語言學(xué)方法psychologicalreality心理現(xiàn)實(shí)psychologicalsubject心理主語psychologyoflanguage語言心理學(xué)psychometric-structuralistapproach心理測(cè)定-結(jié)構(gòu)主義法pulmonicsound肺閉塞音Putonghua普通話QQ-basedimplicature基于質(zhì)量的含義Q-principle質(zhì)量原則quality質(zhì)量qualitymaxim質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則quantifier數(shù)量詞quantitativeanalysis定量分析quantitativeparadigm數(shù)量變化表quantitymaxim數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則quatrain四行詩Rrange范圍rank級(jí)rationalism理性主義rawdata原始素材R-basedimplicature基于關(guān)聯(lián)的涵義■、+-fyreader讀者readingcomprehension閱讀理解realisation體現(xiàn)recall回憶receivedpronunciation,RP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音receiver受話者信息接受者recencyeffect近期效應(yīng)recognition識(shí)別recursion可溯recursive可溯的還原的recursiveness遞歸性reference所指參照referentialmeaning所指意義referentialtheory所指理論referential所指的reflectedmeaning反映意義reflexive(form)反身形式regionaldialect地域方言register語域regressiveassimilation逆同化regulatory(function)控制性語言功relationmaxim關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則relationalopposite關(guān)系對(duì)立relationalprocess關(guān)系過程relativeclause關(guān)系分句關(guān)系從句relativepronoun關(guān)系代詞relativeuninterruptibility相對(duì)的非間斷性relevancetheory關(guān)聯(lián)理論reliability信度repetition重復(fù)representationalsystem表達(dá)系統(tǒng)representational表達(dá)實(shí)體residue剩余成分restrictedlanguage限制性語言retrievalprocess檢索過程retrievalsystem檢索系統(tǒng)retroflexsound卷舌音reverserhyme反隕revisedextendedstandardtheory,REST修正擴(kuò)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論rewritingrules重寫規(guī)則rheme述位rhetoricalskill修辭技能rhyme韻韻角壓韻rhythm韻律節(jié)奏Romanalphabetletter羅馬字母root詞根rootmorpheme詞根語素roundvowel圓元音R-principle關(guān)聯(lián)原則rulesystem規(guī)則系統(tǒng)rule-basedapproaches基于規(guī)則的方法rulesoflanguage語言規(guī)則Ssamenessrelation相同關(guān)系Sanskrit梵文Sapir-WhorfHypothesis薩丕爾-沃夫假設(shè)Saussure索緒爾scaleofdelicacy精密階schema圖式scheme-orientedlanguage面向圖式的語言secondlanguageacquisition第二語言習(xí)得secondarycardinalvowel次要基本元音secondarystress次重音segment音段selectionrestriction選擇限制selectionalrules選擇規(guī)則self-reflexive自反身semanticassociationnetwork語義關(guān)聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)semanticchange語義變化semanticcomponent語義部分semanticfeature特征semanticinterpretation語義解釋semanticinterpretativerules語義解釋規(guī)則semanticprocess語義過程semanticrepresentation語義表達(dá)semanticsentencepattern,SSP語義句型semantictriangle語義三角semantics語義學(xué)semi-consonant半輔音semioticsystem符號(hào)系統(tǒng)semiotics符號(hào)學(xué)semi-vowel半元音senserelation意義關(guān)系sense意義sentence句子sentencefragments句子成分sentencemeaning句義sentencememory句子記憶sentencestress句重音sentencestructure句子結(jié)構(gòu)sententialcalculus句子演算setting場(chǎng)景sibilant咝擦音sign符號(hào)signified所指受指signifier能指施指simile明喻simultaneity同時(shí)性singular單數(shù)situationalcontext情景語境situationallevel情景層situationalsyllabus情景教學(xué)大綱situationalvariation情景變異slot空缺socialrole社會(huì)角色socialsemiotic社會(huì)符號(hào)學(xué)socio-culturalrole社會(huì)文化角色sociolinguisticstudyoflanguage語言的社會(huì)語言學(xué)研究sociolinguisticstudyofsociety社會(huì)的社會(huì)語言學(xué)研究sociolinguistics社會(huì)語言學(xué)sociologicalapproach社會(huì)學(xué)方法softpalate軟腭solidarity團(tuán)結(jié)sonnet十四行詩sonorant響音sonorityscale響音階sound語音soundimage語音圖像soundpattern語音模式soundsegment音段soundsystem語音系統(tǒng)soundwave音波speaker'smeaning說話者意義speech言語speechacttheory言語行為理論speechcommunity言語社團(tuán)speechcomprehension言語理解speechevent言語事件speechfunction言語功能speechmode言語方式speechorgan言語器官speechperception言語感知speechpresentation言語表達(dá)speechproduction;言語產(chǎn)生speechresearch言語研究speechrole言語角色speechsound語音speechsynthesis言語合成spelling拼寫,拼法splitinfinitives分裂的不定式spokencorpus口語語料庫spokenlanguagetranslation口語翻譯spondee揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格spoonerism首音互換斯本內(nèi)現(xiàn)象spread展元音S-structure表層結(jié)構(gòu)stability穩(wěn)定性stabilityreliability穩(wěn)定性效度StandardEnglish標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語standardtheory標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理論standardization標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化statisticalanalysis統(tǒng)計(jì)分析status地位stem詞干stimulus刺激stimulus-response刺激反應(yīng)stop閉塞音storedknowledge儲(chǔ)存知識(shí)strategicknowledge學(xué)習(xí)策略知識(shí)stratification層streamofconsciousness意識(shí)流stresspattern重音模式stress重音structuralanalysis結(jié)構(gòu)分析structural(structuralist)grammar結(jié)構(gòu)語法structuralsyllabus結(jié)構(gòu)教學(xué)大綱structuraltest結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試structuralism結(jié)構(gòu)主義structuralistlinguistics結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言學(xué)structuralistview結(jié)構(gòu)主義觀點(diǎn)style文體風(fēng)格stylisticanalysis文體分析stylistics文體學(xué)subcategorize次范疇subject主語subject-deletion主語省略subjectivetest主觀性測(cè)試subjectivity主觀性subjunctivemood虛擬語氣subordinateconstruction從屬結(jié)構(gòu)subordination從屬substitutability替代性substitution替換suffix后綴superlativedegree最高級(jí)superordinate上坐標(biāo)詞suprasegmentalfeature超語段特征surfaceform表層形式surfacerepresentation表層表達(dá)surfacestructure表層結(jié)構(gòu)syllabicstructure音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)syllabification音節(jié)劃節(jié)syllable音節(jié)syllabusdesign教學(xué)大綱設(shè)計(jì)syllabus教學(xué)大綱syllogism三段論法symbol符號(hào)synchronic(linguistics)共時(shí)(語言學(xué))synonym同義詞synonymous同義的synonymy同義現(xiàn)象syntacticcomponent句法部分syntacticfeatures句法特征syntacticfunction句法功能syntacticmarker句法標(biāo)記syntacticprocess句法過程syntacticres