2016年12月四級第一套答案及解析

參考范文：Stated-ownedbusinessorJointventureUpongraduation,virtuallyallcollegestudentswillconfronttheproblemofthecareerchoice，whichistrulyatoughchoice.Students'opinionsdiffergreatlyonthisissue.Someholdthatthereisnobetterwaytogetadecentjobthanworkinginastated-ownedbusinesswhichwillguaranteemylifeafterretirement,butotherstaketheattitudethatajointventureoutweighsanyotherjobsasitmayprovidehigherincomeforemployees.Astomyself,Ipreferthelatterview.Ajointventure,especiallyahigh-salaryjointventure,exertsatremendousfascinationonagreatnumberofpeople,withnoexceptiontome.Althoughitmightbeimpossibletomakesuremyretirementpensionisgoodenough,high-salaryisexactlywhatIneedjustnow.Inmyview,ourcareerchoiceslargelydependonwherewewanttostayfortherestoflife.Forme,metropolisistheplacewhereIcangrasploadsofopportunitiesandachievemypersonaldreams.AsIholdtheviewthatliveinthemoment,notthefuture,andalsoinordertofinancemyselfinsomeaspectssuchasthetransportation,thehouse-renting,orsocialactivities,ajointventurecansatisfymyneedsfortheconsumptionImentionedabove.Inshort,ajointventureisthefirstandonlyconsiderationinmychoiceofcareer.聽力答案：SectionA1.[A]Itwasdangeroustolivein.2.[B]Astorm3.[B]Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.4.[C]Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.5.[D]Closesomeofitspostoffice.6.[C]StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.7.[A]Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.SectionB8.[D]Hewilllosepartofhispay.9.[B]Heisatrustworthyguy.10.[D]Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.11.[C]Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.12.[D]Reserved13.[A]Theystayquiet14.[C]Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague’shome.15.[B]HousesprovidemoreprivacySectionC16.[D]Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.17.[C]Visittheschoolcareersservice.18.[B]Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.19.[C]Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.20.[A]Itishealthierthangreentee.21.[D]Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.22.[B]Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.23.[B]Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.24.[A]Makewisechoices.25.[A]Toboostthelocaleconomy.聽力原文短篇新聞2SectionA-2RescueeffortswereunderwayThursdaymorningfor17minerswhowerestuckinanelevatorbelowgroundataCargillrocksaltminenearLansing,NewYork,accordingtoMarciaLynch.PublicinformationofficerwithTompkinsCounty’semergencyresponsedepartment,emergencyworkershavemadecontactwiththeminersviaaradio.Andtheyallappeartobeuninjured,saidJessicaVerfuss,theemergencydepartment’sassistantdirector.Crewshavemanagedtoprovideheatpacksandblanketstotheminerssothattheycankeepwarmduringtherescueoperation,Verfusssaid.Detailsaboutwhatledtotheworkers’beingtrappedintheelevatorwentimmediatelyavailable.Themine,alongNewYork’sCayugaLake,processessaltusedforroadtreatment.Itproducesabout2milliontonsofsaltthatisshippedtomorethan1,500placesinthenortheasternUnitedStates,therocksaltmineisoneofthreeoperatedbyCargillwiththeothertwoinLouisianaandOhio.Q3.Whatdoesthenewsreportsayaboutthesaltminers?Q4.Whatdidtherescueteamdo?短篇新聞3SectionA-3TheU.S.PostalServiceannouncedtodaythatitisconsideringclosingabout3,700postofficesoverthenextyearbecauseoffallingrevenues.Facingan$8.3billionbudgetdeficitthisyear,closingpostofficersisoneofseveralproposalsthePostalServicehasputforthrecentlytocutcosts.Lastweek,forexample,PostmasterGeneralPatDonahoeannouncedplanstostopmaildeliveryonSaturdays,amovehesayscouldsave$3billionannually.“Wearelosingrevenueaswespeak,”Donahoesaid.“Wedonotwanttaxpayermoney.Wewanttobeself-sufficient.Solikeanyotherbusinessyouhavetomakechoices.”DeanGranholmthevicepresidentfordeliveryandpostofficeoperationssaidthefirstwavesofclosingswouldbeginthisfall.Heestimatedthatabout3,000postmasters,500stationmanagersandbetween500and1,000postalclerkscouldlosetheirjobs.Q5.WhatistheU.S.PostalServiceplanningtodo?Q6.Whatmeasurehasbeenplannedtosavecosts?Q7.Whatwillhappenwhentheproposedmeasurecomeintoeffect?長對話1&2Conversation1A:Mrs.Hampton,we'vegottroubleinthepressroomthismorning.B:Ohdear.Whatabout?A:Oneofthepressoperatorsarrivedanhourandahalflate.B:Butthat'sastraightforwardaffair.Hewillsimplylosepartofhispay.That'swhywehaveaclock-insystem.A:Butthepointisthemanwasclocked-inat8o'clock.WehaveJohnstandingbythetimeclock,andheswearshesawnothingirregular.B:IsJohnreliable?A:Yes,heis.That'swhywechosehimforthejob.B:Haveyouspokentothemanwhowaslate?A:Notyet.IthoughtI'dhaveawordwithyoufirst.He'sadifficultman,andIthinkthere'sbeensometroubleontheshopfloor.I'vegotafeelingthattradeunionrepresentativeisbehindthis.ThemanagertoldmethatJackGreen'sbeenveryactivearoundtheshopthelastfewdays.B:Well,whatdoyouwantmetodo?A:Iwaswonderingifyou'dseeSmith,themanwhowaslate,becauseyouaresomuchbetterathandlingthingslikethis.B:Oh,alright.I'llseehim.ImustsayIagreewithyouabouttherebeingbadfeelingsintheworks.I'vehadtheideaforsometimethatJackGreen'sbeenbusystirringthingsupinconnectionwiththelatestwageclaim.He'salwaystryingtomaketrouble.Well,I'llgetthemanagertosendSmithuphere.Q8.Whatwillhappentothepressoperatorwhowaslatefortheworkaccordingtothewoman?Q9.WhatdoesthemansayaboutJohnwhostandsbythetimeclock?Q10.Whydoesthemansuggestthewomanseetheworkerwhowaslate?Q11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutJackGreen?Conversation2A:OurtopictodayisaboutsomethingsthatforeignersnearlyalwayssaywhentheyvisitBritain.It's'WhyaretheBritishsocold?'Andthey'retalkingabouttheBritishpersonality–thefamousBritish'reserve'.Itmeansthatwearen'tveryfriendly,wearen'tveryopen.B:Sodoyouthinkit'strue?A:It'sadifficultone.SomanypeoplewhovisitBritainsayit'sdifficulttomakefriendswithBritishpeople.Theysaywe'recold,reserved,unfriendly...B:Ithinkit'strue.LookatAmericansorAustralians.Theyspeakthesamelanguage,butthey'remuchmoreopen.Andyouseeitwhenyoutravel,people-Imeanstrangers-speaktoyouonthestreetoronthetrain.Britishpeopleseldomspeakonthetrain.Orthebus.NotinLondon,anyway.A:'NotinLondon'.That'sit.Capitalcitiesarefulloftouristsandareneververyfriendly.Peoplearedifferentinotherpartsofthecountry.B:Notcompletely.Imetawomanonce,anItalian.She'sbeenworkinginManchesterfortwoyears,andnoone-notoneofhercolleagues-hadeverinvitedhertotheirhome.Theywerefriendlytoheratwork,butnothingelse.Shecouldn'tbelieveit.ShesaidthatwouldneverhappeninItaly.A:Youknowwhattheysay–'anEnglishman'shomeishiscastle'.It’sreallydifficulttogetinside.B:Yeah.It'saboutbeingprivate.Yougohometoyourhouseandyourgardenandyouclosethedoor.It'syourplace.A:That'swhytheBritishdon'tlikeflats.Theyprefertoliveinhouses.B:That’strue.Q12.WhatdoforeignersgenerallythinkofBritishpeopleaccordingtothewoman?Q13.WhatmayBritishpeopletypicallydoonethetrainaccordingtotheman?Q14.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheItalianwomanworkinginManchester?Q15.WhydoBritishpeoplepreferhousestoflats?聽力篇章PassageOneIncollege,timeisscarce,andconsequently,veryprecious.Atthesametime,expensesincollegepileupsurprisinglyquickly.Aparttimejobisagoodwaytobalancecostswhileensuringthereisenoughtimeleftoverforbothacademicsubjectsandafter-classactivities.Ifyouareacollegestudentlookingforaparttimejob,thebestplacetostartyourjobsearchisrightoncampus.Therearetonsofon-campusjobopportunities,andasastudent,you’llautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.Plus,on-campusjobseliminatecommutingtime,andcouldbeagreatwaytoconnectwithacademicandprofessionalresourcesatyouruniversity.Checkwithyourschool’scareerserviceoremploymentofficeforhelptofindacampusjob.Ofcourse,thereareopportunitiesforpart-timeworkoff-campus,too.Ifyouspendalittletimediggingfortherightparttimejobs,you’llsaveyourselftimewhenyoufindajobthatleavesyouwithenoughtimetogetyourschoolworkdone,too.Ifyouareacollegestudentlookingforworkbutworryyouwon’thaveenoughtimetodevotetoacademicsubjects,considerworkingasastudyhalloralibrarymonitor.Responsibilitiesgenerallyincludesupervisingstudyspacestoensurethataquietatmosphereismaintained.It’saprettyeasyjob,butonewithlotsofdowntime-whichmeansyouwillhaveplentyoftimetocatchuponreading,dohomeworkorstudyforanexam.Q16:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcollegestudentsapplyingforon-campusjobs?Q17:Whatcanstudentsdotofindacampusjobaccordingtothespeaker?Q18:Whatdoesthespeakersayisalibrarymonitor’sresponsibility?PassageTwoAgriculturalworkersingreenteafieldsnearMt.Kenyaaregatheringthetealeaves.Itisbeautifultosee.Therowsofteabushesarestraight.Allappearstobewell.Butthefarmerswhoplantedthebushesareworried.NelsonKibaraisoneofthem.HehasbeengrowingteaintheKerugoyaareafor40years.Hesaysthepricesthisyearhavebeensolowthathehasmadealmostnoprofit.Hesayshemustgrowdifferentkindsofteaifheistosurvive.Mr.KibaraandhundredsofotherfarmershavebeenremovingsomeoftheirteabushesandplantinganewkindofteadevelopedbytheTeaResearchFoundationofKenya.Itsleavesarepurpleandbrown.Whentheteaisboiled,thedrinkhasapurplecolor.Medicalresearchershavestudiedthehealthbenefitsofthenewtea.Theysayitishealthierthangreenteaandcouldbesoldforapricethatisthreetofourtimeshigherthanthepriceofgreentea.ButMr.Kibarasayshehasnotreceivedahigherpriceforhispurpleteacrop.Hesaysthemarketfortheteaisunstableandheisoftenforcedtosellhispurpleteaforthesamepriceasgreentealeaves.Hesaystherearenotenoughbuyerswillingtopaymoreforthepurpletea.Q19.WhyhaveteafarmersinKenyadecidedtogrowpurpletea?Q20.Whatdoresearcherssayaboutpurpletea?Q21.WhatdoesMr.Kibarafindaboutpurpletea?PassageThreeToday'sconsumerswantbeautifulhandcraftedstowearandtohavefortheirhomeenvironment.Theyprefersomethinguniqueandtheydemandquality.Craftsmentodayaremeetingthisdemand.Peopleandhomesareshowinggreatchangeasmoreandmoreuniquehandcrafteditemsbecomeavailable.Handcraftsarebigbusiness.Nolongdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnight.Hehasearnedhisprofessionalstatus.Heisnowarespectedmemberofsociety.Partsofthefunofbeingacraftsmanismeetingothercraftsmen.Theylovetosharetheirideasandmaterialsandhelpothersfindmarketsfortheirwork.Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.Theyhelpthembecomeawareofdesignandtechnique.Theyhelpthemrelatetheirchoicetoitsintendeduse.Theyofteninvolveconsumersintryingthecraftthemselves.Whenagroupofcraftsmenexpendstoincludemoremembers,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Suchanorganizationdoesalotintrainingworkshopsinspecialmedia,craftmarketingtechniques,craftfairsandsales,festivals,TVappearancesanddemonstrations.Stateartcouncilshelpsponsorlocalartsandcraftsfestivalswhichdrawcrowdsoftouristconsumers.Thisbooststhelocaleconomyconsiderablybecausetouristsnotonlybuycrafts,buttheyalsousetherestaurantsandhotelsandotherservicesofthearea.Q22.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttoday'sconsumers?Q23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutagoodcraftsmaninthepast?Q24.Whatdocraftsmenhelpconsumersdo?Q25.Whydostateartcouncilshelpsponsorlocalartsandcraftsfestivals?閱讀答案：PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA26.E)challenge空前主語為Anewstudy，故此處應(yīng)選一個動詞第三人稱單數(shù)作謂語，符合的詞有E)challenges,M)suggests,和N)tastes，根據(jù)空后questioning，得出該空應(yīng)填E)challenges挑戰(zhàn)，質(zhì)疑。27.J)searchedsearchfor為固定搭配，意為“尋找，搜索”，所給詞匯中只有J)searched符合題意。28.D)categorizing空前是介詞for，空后為名詞brains，再根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容as“male”or“female”，初步判斷該空應(yīng)該填入動詞的-ing形式。瀏覽選項，只有D)和H)符合。根據(jù)搭配及語義，D)為答案，categorizing…as…意為“把……分為……”。29.K)similarities根據(jù)空前的句子“therearesomegender-based…”，該空應(yīng)填入名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。瀏覽選項，E),K),N)符合。再根據(jù)句意及空格后的句子“不同類型的大腦并不一直由性別區(qū)分”，該空應(yīng)填入K)similarities“相似之處”。30.L)slightly空格前為be動詞were，后為形容詞different，很顯然該空的詞是來修飾different的，因此應(yīng)填入副詞。結(jié)合文意可知，雖然普通男性和普通女性的大腦差別很小，但是通過查看腦部掃描光片也沒法對其進(jìn)行區(qū)分。slightly為副詞，意為“輕微地，稍微”，所以應(yīng)填入L)。31.G)percentage空格前為形容詞small，后為ofpeople，因此應(yīng)填入名詞。結(jié)合文意可知，只有一小部分人具備“完全男性”或“完全女性”的特征。percentage意為“百分比”，asmallpercentageof…意為“一小部分”，所以應(yīng)填入G)。32.O)traditional該空后為名詞beliefs,因此，該空應(yīng)填入一個形容詞，根據(jù)文意可知，很多研究都是在質(zhì)疑“人們對于性別和大腦功能之間關(guān)系的傳統(tǒng)理解”，因此，該處應(yīng)選O)traditional傳統(tǒng)的。33.I)regardless該空考查短語regardlessof的含義。根據(jù)“他警告不要輕易給出以下結(jié)論：所有的大腦都是一樣的，不論性別”可知，該空應(yīng)填入I)regardless,構(gòu)成短語regardlessof，意為“不管，不顧”。34.H)provingamountainofevidence意為“大量的證據(jù)”，proving為現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語修飾evidence。35.M)suggests該句中，thestudy為主語，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作賓語，故此空應(yīng)填入一個動詞來作謂語，結(jié)合上下文，應(yīng)選suggests，意為“暗示，表明”。SectionB36.[I]對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵詞jammingattacks,和equipmentandskill在I段落中同時出現(xiàn)了兩個關(guān)鍵詞。37.[D]對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵詞wirelesssecuritysystem,和conversation在原文中有復(fù)現(xiàn).38.[J]選項中wirelesssecuritysystem,和triggeringthealarm可以在J選項中找到對應(yīng).39.[F]SimpliSafe,大寫名詞很好定位，在加上復(fù)現(xiàn)的distinguish，radiointerference可以鎖定選項F。40.[B]根據(jù)smallproportion可以確定唯一的選項B41.[H]對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵詞keepschanging42.[C]對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵詞transmitsignals,和activate.43.[K]根據(jù)選項differentmeasures只在K段落中出現(xiàn)了。44.[G]選項cellphones是最關(guān)鍵的定位詞，可以在G選項中找到復(fù)現(xiàn)。45.[E]選項frequent對應(yīng)了段落的frequency。SectionCPassageOne46.[B]Heintendstogetridofthetippingpractice.根據(jù)題目中的BillPerry這個專有名詞，我們可以定位到文中的第一段話。在But后面有提到“我能告訴你我喜歡這個小伙子。因為他打算禁止付小費這種情況，而贊成給服務(wù)員實際的工資”。B選項和這句話的含義接近，getridof意為“擺脫”，和ban“禁止”含義相近;planto和intendto含義一樣。所以正確答案為B.47.[C]Itforcesthecustomertocompensatethewaiter.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞theauthorhatestipping和mainreason可以返回原文，定位到第三段。文中說“我討厭它，因為它將義務(wù)偽裝成一種選擇?！奔热皇橇x務(wù)，那必然是強迫顧客去做的事情，這和C選項的含義較為接近。48.[D]Theycanhavesomesayinhowmuchtheirserversearn.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞manypeoplelovetipping返回原文，我們可以定位至第四段。根據(jù)文中第二行的Youliketofeelthatyouhaveavoiceinhowmuchmoneyyourservermakes.可知，這題應(yīng)該選擇D選項。49.[A]Servicesqualityhaslittleeffectontipsize.文中問的是調(diào)查中一些服務(wù)員的觀點，這在第五段的最后一句話中有所體現(xiàn)，文中說：一些服務(wù)員不認(rèn)為他們的工作會受到收到的消費的影響。50.[D]Waitersshouldbepaidbyemployersinsteadofcustomers.本題問作者的觀點，切記文中無人認(rèn)領(lǐng)的觀點便是作者的觀點。在第六段的末尾有提到說，作者支持BillPerry的觀點，而Bill的觀點就和D選項是近義表達(dá)。PassageTwo51.[C]Theimpact