考研考博-英語(yǔ)-太原工業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-太原工業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

我們的大多數(shù)感覺(jué)都是被動(dòng)式的。以聽覺(jué)和視覺(jué)為例，我們只是簡(jiǎn)單地接受和分析聲音或光線。然而，觸覺(jué)則有所不同：我們用雙手主動(dòng)地去探索和改變現(xiàn)實(shí)，因此我們?cè)诓杉畔r(shí)的活動(dòng)同樣也可以改變世界…例如用一塊粘土塑模或按動(dòng)某個(gè)按鈕。在提供人與人之間的直接接觸中，觸覺(jué)傳遞情感沖擊；在提供人與世界的直接接觸中，觸覺(jué)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的確切標(biāo)志，正如：“掐我一下----我是在做夢(mèng)嗎？”

【答案】Mostoursensesarepassive.Takinghearingandvisionasanexample,weonlysimplyreceiveandanalyzethesoundandlight.Touch,however,isdifferent.Weexploreandchangerealitywithourhandsvoluntarilyandthereforewecanalsochangetheworldwhilecollectinginformation,suchasmakingamodelwithclayorpressingabutton.Asameansofdirectcontactbetweenpeople,touchtransmitsemotionaleffect;inthedirectcontactbetweenmanandtheworld,touchbecomesasignofreality,suchas“pleasepinchme,amIdreaming?”

2.單選題

Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complaint

B.claim

C.reservation

D.lodging

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨，控訴”；B選項(xiàng)claim“宣稱，聲稱”；C選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約，預(yù)訂”；D選項(xiàng)lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根據(jù)thehotelwascompletelyfilled（酒店客滿了）可知C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義，makeareservation表示“預(yù)訂”。句意：當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)訂時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他想要的旅館因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)會(huì)議而客滿。

3.單選題

Alekodenied（）Mary’slittlelamb.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosteal

B.tohavestolen

C.havingtosteal

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。deny“否認(rèn)，否定”，固定搭配：denydoingsth.“否認(rèn)做某事，否認(rèn)做過(guò)某事，拒絕做某事”。句意：阿萊科否認(rèn)偷了瑪麗的小羊，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Modern-daybusinessreallydoestranscendnationalbarriers.ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.Theworldisindisputablybecomingasmallerplace,asserviceandmanufacturingcompaniessearchtheinternationalmarketplacefornewsuppliersandclients.Businessesmust,however,beawarethatoncetheyexpandtheareainwhichtheyoperate,theyfaceincreasedcompetition.Thestandardandqualityoftheirgoodsbecomeincreasinglyimportantinkeepingupwithcompetitors.Butmostofall,itistheserviceelementaccompanyingthegoodswhichiscrucialtoacompany’ssuccessinaparticularmarket.Thisnewphilosophyhasledtomanycompanies,someofwhichhaveevenofferedproductsofalesserquality,gainingsuccessoverseas.

Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesense,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processes,andstandards.Thesearenotafunctionofeconomicchanges,butaremoredeep-rootedanddifficulttoalter.Theycanbeamajorproblemforbusinessesexpandingabroad,withthegreatestobstacleofallbeingthelanguagebarrier.Ifyouhavetodealwithclients,suppliersanddistributorsinarangeofcountries,youwillnotonlyneedtheskillstocommunicatewiththem,youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.

Thevalueofeffectivecommunicationisnottobeunderestimated.Nevtechnologysuchasvideoconferencingandemailhasplayedapartinmakingthecommunicationprocesseasier,anditmayalsobepossiblethattheintroductionoflanguageinterpretationsoftwarewillhelpwithsomeglobalcommunicationsproblems.But,ofcourse,itisthehumanelementofthecommunicationprocessthatissovitalinbusiness,especiallyinnegotiations,presentationsandteam-building.Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners,sothatissuescanbediscussed,messagescommunicatedandfeedbackobtained.

Thevalueofwell-organizedlanguagetrainingisimmense,andcanbringbenefitstoalllevelsanddepartmentswithinamultinationalorganization.Unfortunately,however,manyorganizationshaveaverynarrowviewwhenitcomestotrainingofanykind.Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.Then,atrainingcompanyisemployedoraprogramisdevelopedin-house,theteamistrained,andthatisseenastheendofthematter.However,thefactremainsthattrainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbreeder,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.

Changesinexpectationsandattitudesarecertain,tocontinueforcompaniesthattradeglobally.Althoughsuchcompaniesarenotyetfacedwiththeirinternationalpartnersandclientsdemandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast,ifthesecompanieswanttocontinuetoachievesuccessontheinternationaltradingcircuit,theymustbepreparedtoadapttosituationsandspeakthelocallanguage.Ifnot,someoneelsewill.

11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,improvedcommunicationshaveenabledcompaniesto（）.

12.Approachestodoingbusinessvarybetweencountriesbecauseof（）.

13.Thewriterthinksthattheuseofmoderntechnologywill（）.

14.Acommonweaknessoftrainingcoursesisthatthey（）.

15.Whyshouldcompaniesdobusinessinthelanguageofthecountriestheyareoperatingin?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.offerawidervarietyofproductsandservices

B.expandbeyondtheirdomesticmarkets

C.performbetterthantheirinternationalcompetitors

D.openoremanufacturingfacilitiesabroad

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.localeconomicconsiderations

B.strongwishestoremainindependent

C.theexistenceofculturaldifferences

D.regulationsaboutbusinesspractices

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.speeduptheprocessoflanguageinterpretation

B.notleadtogreatercommunicationbetweencompaniesandclients

C.helpsolvetheproblemsinvolvedinmaintainingstrongteams

D.neverreplacetheneedforface-to-faceinteraction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aredevelopedbythewrongteam

B.donotgivegoodvalueformoney

C.areprovidedonlyifthereisanimmediateneed

D.donotdealwithacompany’sspecificrequirements

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.topreventothercompaniestakingtheirbusiness

B.tohelpthemfindnewinternationalpartners

C.tomeetclients’currentexpectations

D.tobecomemoreawareoftheircompetitors’activities

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】11.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第三句話ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.（感謝精密的IT和溝通系統(tǒng)，企業(yè)現(xiàn)在可以在一個(gè)真正的全球規(guī)模上開發(fā)它們的產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)。）這其中g(shù)lobal是個(gè)關(guān)鍵的暗示，可以聯(lián)想到海外市場(chǎng)，因此B選項(xiàng)“在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)以外的地方擴(kuò)張”正確。A選項(xiàng)“提供更多種類的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)”、C選項(xiàng)“比國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手表現(xiàn)更好”兩項(xiàng)在原文中并未提及；D選項(xiàng)“在國(guó)外開設(shè)更多生產(chǎn)設(shè)施”，文中只說(shuō)了可以在海外擴(kuò)張，沒(méi)有提到開設(shè)更多的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。

12.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段開頭一段話Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesenses,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processesandstandards.（雖然全球化可能在某種意義上使國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)更加密切，但世界各地仍有著極度不同的期望、過(guò)程和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）；后面又提到了一句youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.（你需要用不同的做生意的方式來(lái)與民族偏見(jiàn)和解）。這一段整體講的就是要克服溝通上的障礙，理解了內(nèi)容不難作答。因此C選項(xiàng)“原因是文化差異的存在”，與原文所表達(dá)的意思相符，正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)因素”；B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈希望保持獨(dú)立”以及D選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)商業(yè)慣例的規(guī)例”都不是原文的觀點(diǎn)。

13.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段，前面介紹說(shuō)新技術(shù)，比如視頻會(huì)議和電子郵件，會(huì)使溝通過(guò)程更簡(jiǎn)單。并且語(yǔ)言翻譯軟件（languageinterpretationsoftware）會(huì)幫助解決一些國(guó)際溝通問(wèn)題。后面一個(gè)BUT，才真正揭示了答案，說(shuō)在溝通過(guò)程中人的作用是至關(guān)重要的。Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners.（經(jīng)理們定期會(huì)見(jiàn)員工、客戶和合作伙伴是很有必要的），從這一句可以看出作者的真正態(tài)度，是認(rèn)為當(dāng)面交流仍然很重要，因此D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代技術(shù)永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法替代面對(duì)面互動(dòng)的需要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“加快語(yǔ)言口譯的過(guò)程”，不是作者真正的觀點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“不能促進(jìn)公司和客戶之間的交流”，不正確，作者還是認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代技術(shù)是有用的，只是不能夠完全取代當(dāng)面交流；C選項(xiàng)“幫助解決維護(hù)強(qiáng)大團(tuán)隊(duì)所涉及的問(wèn)題”，是無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)。

14.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.（通常，在授權(quán)培訓(xùn)之前必須確定緊急需求），可知確認(rèn)有迫切的需要時(shí)培訓(xùn)才會(huì)被批準(zhǔn)。作者認(rèn)為很多公司的培訓(xùn)有些急功近利，trainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbroader,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.（培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃只有在與公司更廣泛、更長(zhǎng)期的需要相關(guān)時(shí)才有效。它們應(yīng)該被視為一種投資，而不是一種成本）。因此C選項(xiàng)“培訓(xùn)的缺點(diǎn)是：只有迫切需要時(shí)才會(huì)被提供”正確，其中immediateneed與原文urgentrequirement相照應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)“是由錯(cuò)誤的團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的”，過(guò)度推斷，原文并未給出相關(guān)表達(dá)；B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有物有所值”，不正確；D選項(xiàng)“不處理公司的具體要求”，沒(méi)有提及。

15.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段demandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast.（客戶要求他們使用母語(yǔ)，這些公司也意識(shí)到海外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)逐漸激烈。）還有最后一句Ifnot,someoneelsewill.（如果他們不說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)言，其他人會(huì)說(shuō)的。）意思就是如果你不使用當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)言做生意，其他人會(huì)取而代之的。因此A選項(xiàng)“防止其他公司占領(lǐng)了他們的業(yè)務(wù)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“幫助他們找到新的國(guó)際合作伙伴”，原文沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“滿足客戶當(dāng)前的期望”，不是他們的目的；D選項(xiàng)“更多地了解競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的活動(dòng)”，也不是他們的根本目的。

5.單選題

Physicsis（

）tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alike

B.equivalent

C.likely

D.uniform

【答案】B

【解析】句意:物理學(xué)也相當(dāng)于一門科學(xué)，在歷史上，這門科學(xué)被稱為自然哲學(xué)。

考查形容詞辨析。alike相同的，相似的；equivalent相等的，相同的；likely可能的，預(yù)料的，有希望的；uniform一致的，統(tǒng)一的。故B符合句意。

6.單選題

Theintelligencedepartmentwasaccused,offailureto（）thetroopstothepossibilityofanenemyattackduringtheweekend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.instruct

B.warn

C.dictate

D.alert

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)instruct“指導(dǎo)，通知”；B選項(xiàng)warn“警告（偏向于告誡）”；C選項(xiàng)dictate“命令，口述”；D選項(xiàng)alert“使警覺(jué)，警告（更加正式）”。句意：情報(bào)部門被指控未能在周末向部隊(duì)（）敵人可能發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊的情況。本句的句意是要表達(dá)“情報(bào)部門沒(méi)有及時(shí)通報(bào)讓部隊(duì)警覺(jué)”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Thisissupposedtobeanenlightenedage,butyouwouldn’tthinkifyoucouldhearwhattheaveragemanthinksoftheaveragewoman!Womenwontheirindependenceyearsago.Afteralong,bitterstruggle,theynowenjoythesameeducationalopportunitiesasmeninmostpartsoftheworld.(1)Theyhaveprovedrepeatedlythattheyareequalandoftensuperiortomeninalmosteveryfield.Itismen,notwomenwhostillcarryonthesexwarbecausetheirattituderemainsbasicallyhostile.Eveninthemostprogressivesocieties,womencontinuetoberegardedassecond-ratecitizens.Tohearsomementalk,you’dthinkthatwomenbelongedtoadifferentspecies.(2)Thehard-foughtbattleforrecognitionhasbeenwon,butitisbynomeansover.

Onthesurface,thecommentsmadebymenaboutwomen’sabilitiesseemlight-hearted.Thesametiredjokesaboutwomendriversarerepeateddayin,dayout.Thisapparentlight-heartednessdosenotconcealtherealcontemptthatmenfeelforwomen.Howevermuchmensneeratwomen,theirclaimstosuperiorityarenotborneoutbystatistics.(3)Weallknowthatwomencausefarfeweraccidentsthanmen.Theyaretooconscientiousandresponsibletodrivelikemaniacs(瘋子).Butthisisaminorquibble.Womenhavesucceededinanyjobyoucaretoname.Aspoliticians,soldiers,doctors,factory-hands,universityprofessors,farmers,companydirectors,lawyers,bus-conductors,scientistsandpresidentsofcountriestheyhaveoftenputmentoshame.Andwemustrememberthattheyfrequentlysucceedbrilliantlyinallthesefieldsinadditiontobearingandrearingchildren.

(4)Yetmengoonmaintainingthefictionthattherearemanyjobswomencan’tdo.Top-levelpoliticalnegotiationbetweencountries,businessandbankingarealmostentirelycontrolledbymen,whojealouslyguardtheirso-called“rights”.EveninotherwiseenlightenedplaceslikeSwitzerlandwomenhaven’tevenbeengiventhecote.

Thetruthisthatmenclingtotheirsupremacybecauseoftheirbasicinferioritycomplex.Theyshunrealcompetition.Theyknowintheirheartsthatwomenaresuperiorandtheyareafraidofbeingbeatenattheirowngame.Oneofthemostimportanttasksintheworldistoachievepeacebetweenthenations.(5)Youcanbesurethatifwomenwereallowedtositroundtheconferencetable,theywouldsucceedbrilliantly,astheyalwaysdo,theremenhavefailedforcenturies.

【答案】1.她們一再證明自己幾乎在所有領(lǐng)域都與男性平等，甚至往往優(yōu)于男性。

2.這場(chǎng)為獲得認(rèn)可而進(jìn)行的艱苦斗爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)取得勝利，但遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。

3.眾所周知，女性發(fā)生的事故比男性少得多。因?yàn)樗齻冮_車非常認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，不會(huì)像瘋子一樣沒(méi)有理智。

4.然而，男性仍然堅(jiān)持認(rèn)定許多工作女性做不了的假象。

5.可以肯定的是，如果允許女性坐在會(huì)議桌旁，在這個(gè)男性已經(jīng)失敗了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的地方，女性會(huì)如往常一樣取得輝煌的成功。

8.單選題

Modernprintingequipmentquicklyturnsoutduplicatecopiesoftextualandpictorialmatter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.double

C.illustrated

D.legible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。duplicate表示“復(fù)制的”。A項(xiàng)identical“同一的，完全相同的”，B項(xiàng)double“雙倍的”，C項(xiàng)illustrated“有插圖的”，D項(xiàng)legible“清晰的，易辨認(rèn)的”。句意：現(xiàn)代印刷設(shè)備能迅速生產(chǎn)出文字和圖片的復(fù)制品。根據(jù)句意，該題選A正確。

9.單選題

Itisbelievedthatthewayto（）Europe’sR&Dinnovationliesinacollaborativeapproach,featuringbothpublicandprivateparties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.override

B.avert

C.reinvigorate

D.ownupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)override“推翻；不顧；踐踏”；B選項(xiàng)avert“避免，防止；轉(zhuǎn)移”；C選項(xiàng)reinvigorate“使再振作，使復(fù)興”；D選項(xiàng)ownupto“承認(rèn)；承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，坦白”。句意：人們認(rèn)為，重振歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的途徑在于公私雙方共同參與的合作方式。本句表示“使歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新重振的途徑”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theideaoftravelingthrough（

）spacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeopletoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C./

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】考查冠詞。句意：漫游太空去另一個(gè)星球這個(gè)想法現(xiàn)在引起了很多人的興趣。

sun、star一樣是物質(zhì)名詞，是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物，所以前面應(yīng)該加定冠詞the，因此答案選C。特指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或自然現(xiàn)象。但space表示“太空”，nature表示“大自然”時(shí)，均不能與冠詞連用。

11.單選題

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。題干：根據(jù)本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”說(shuō)明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小時(shí)的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小時(shí)的睡眠。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)第3段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，別人生病后就會(huì)意識(shí)到多睡一小時(shí)的好處，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么會(huì)有所謂的“睡眠癱瘓癥”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠癱瘓癥”發(fā)生在大腦從快速眼動(dòng)周期喚醒時(shí)，身體仍保持不動(dòng)狀態(tài)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)最后一段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大腦一天產(chǎn)生的記憶是脆弱的，需要睡眠幫忙鞏固記憶。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：睡眠不足對(duì)人的身心有什么影響？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

機(jī)器人我們正生活在一個(gè)機(jī)器人承擔(dān)許多工作的時(shí)代。機(jī)器人可以制造汽車、駕駛飛機(jī)和處理賬單。

不過(guò)這些機(jī)器人并不是人形機(jī)器。它們的外形并不像我們。它們是特別制造出來(lái)代替人做某些工作的機(jī)器，可以給它們以任何適宜的外形。機(jī)器人的“腦子”是一部電腦，它能夠儲(chǔ)存指令，并能夠控制其它部件。機(jī)器人有手臂，能夠做人用手干的多種工作。例如，機(jī)器人可以在汽車裝配線上焊接車身和噴漆。

使用機(jī)器人比使用工人的優(yōu)越之處是它們可以不停地長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，它們從不疲勞，而工作的準(zhǔn)確性卻始終如一。它們可以在人無(wú)法忍受的條件下工作，如有高溫、有強(qiáng)烈的噪音或是有危險(xiǎn)射線的場(chǎng)合，隨著機(jī)器人數(shù)量的增加，它們的制造成本也會(huì)下降。

盡管機(jī)器人正在迅速承擔(dān)工業(yè)中的許多工作，但要在家里做家務(wù)活卻似乎還差得很遠(yuǎn)。問(wèn)題在于即使干一半的家務(wù)活也需要有一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜、非常昂貴的機(jī)器人。

【答案】Robot13.單選題

Thereisno（）forhardworkandperseveranceofyouwanttosucceed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alteration

B.equivalent

C.alternative

D.substitute

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。alteration“改變；變化”；equivalent“相等的”；alternative“可供選擇的事物”；substitute“代替”，根據(jù)“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”與“成功”之間的關(guān)系，我們可以知道一般來(lái)說(shuō)“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”是“成功”的必要條件，所以想要成功，除了“勤奮和堅(jiān)持”之外就沒(méi)有別的選擇符合邏輯，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。句意為：你想成功的話，除了勤奮和堅(jiān)持之外你沒(méi)有別的選擇。

14.單選題

Shedecidedto____inthehistorycourseatthelocaleveningschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enter

B.enroll

C.attend

D.register

【答案】B

【解析】

【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enter進(jìn)來(lái)；進(jìn)去B.enroll登記；報(bào)名

C.attend出席；參加D.register登記；注冊(cè)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：她決定在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊剐！瓪v史課。根據(jù)句意，可以推測(cè)她應(yīng)該是在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊剐?bào)名上歷史課。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)enter“進(jìn)來(lái)；進(jìn)去”，指進(jìn)入或進(jìn)入某事物，不符合語(yǔ)境；

C選項(xiàng)attend“出席；參加”，指出席某一事件，不符合語(yǔ)境；

D選項(xiàng)register“登記；注冊(cè)”，指把你/某人/某物的名字記在正式的名單上，不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】她決定報(bào)名當(dāng)?shù)匾剐５臍v史課程。

15.翻譯題

中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家的合作是互利的。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，不僅改善了本國(guó)人民的生活，也為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)提供了新的推動(dòng)力，為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了更多的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)是一個(gè)潛力巨大的新興市場(chǎng)，西方國(guó)家技術(shù)先進(jìn)，資金雄厚，兩者經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性。西方一些國(guó)家對(duì)華采取歧視性的貿(mào)易政策，不僅損人，最終也會(huì)損害自己的利益。

【答案】參考譯文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

16.單選題

Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.Fewfirmstrytomeasurereturnsontheseassets,letalonepublishinformationonthem.Yettheyareoftenwhatunderliesafirm'ssuccess.“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.”

Asignthatcompaniesdonotmeasuretheirassetsproperlymaybethegrowinggapbetweentheirstock-marketvalueandthebookvalueoftheirassets.Between1973and1993,themedianratioofmarketvaluestobookvaluesofAmericanpubliccompaniesdoubles;thedifferencehasgrownwithaboominhigh-techshares.Thegapisbiggestforcompaniesthathavemostrapidlyboostedspendingonresearchanddevelopment（R&D）.Evenwithinindustries,thedivergence（分歧）betweenstock-marketreturnsandreportedearningshasincreased.

Youmightthinkthiswouldpresentaproblemforinvestors,whonolongerhaveagoodwayoftellingwhetherthemarketvalueofacompanyissoundlybased.Yetinvestorsseemtoknowinstinctivelythatknowledgeisvaluable.35.AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.

Infact,theabsenceofgoodmeasuresmaybotherthosewhorunfirmsmorethanthosewhoinvestinthem.Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.

1.Theintangiblesofacompanyarereflectedin（）.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutMicrosoft?

3.WhydoesthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsrise?

4.Aninvestorwhobuysstocksofacompanyinknowledge-basedbusinessesbaseshisecisionon（）.

5.Thephrase“suchdecisionsn（Para.4）refersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.physicalandfinancialassets

B.stock-marketvalue

C.thebalancesheet

D.thedifferencebetweenthestock-marketvalueandthebookvalue

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasnobook-valueassets.

B.Itsstock-marketvalueequalsitsbookvalue.

C.There’sagreatgapbetweenitsstock-marketvalueandbookvalue.

D.Itsstock-marketvaluedoesnotreflectthecompany’srealvalue

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheybuyforeignsubsidiaries

B.Becausetheyinvestmuchinintangibleassets.

C.BecausetheyhavelowR&Dspending

D.Becausetheinvestorsknowthemethodsforcalculatingthepaybackofknowledge-basedbusinesses

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.purespeculation（投機(jī)）

B.thecompany’sbookvalue

C.whetherthecompanybuysforeignsubsidiaries

D.theprospectthatitsresearchwilltranslateintolowcostproducts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.unningfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

B.nvestinginfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

C.udgingratesofreturnonfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

D.alculatingreturnsonanewly-builtfactory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.企業(yè)的價(jià)值越來(lái)越不在于資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的有形資產(chǎn)和金融資產(chǎn)，而在于無(wú)形資產(chǎn)：品牌、專利、特許經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、軟件、研究項(xiàng)目、創(chuàng)意和專業(yè)技能。可知ABC三項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.我們的主要資產(chǎn)，也就是我們的軟件和軟件開發(fā)技能，根本沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上?！皬募兇獾臅?huì)計(jì)角度來(lái)看，這可能不是很有啟發(fā)性?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“其股票市值并不能反映公司的實(shí)際價(jià)值”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在研發(fā)上投入巨資的美國(guó)跨國(guó)公司在收購(gòu)?fù)鈬?guó)子公司時(shí)，其股價(jià)會(huì)上漲，但當(dāng)研發(fā)支出較低的跨國(guó)公司在海外收購(gòu)時(shí)，其股價(jià)會(huì)下跌?？芍鐕?guó)公司在收購(gòu)海外子公司時(shí)，股價(jià)的升降取決于該公司在研發(fā)方面的投入力度，也就是對(duì)無(wú)形資產(chǎn)的投入力度。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.想必投資者明白，在以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的企業(yè)中，企業(yè)可以利用不斷增長(zhǎng)的回報(bào)來(lái)擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。一旦開發(fā)出一種藥丸或一個(gè)軟件程序，每一筆額外銷售都能以很少的額外成本帶來(lái)更多的收入：市場(chǎng)越大，利潤(rùn)就越大。”可知D項(xiàng)“其研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為低成本產(chǎn)品的前景”正確。

5.詞義題。聯(lián)系上下文“Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.對(duì)于經(jīng)理來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的問(wèn)題是如何判斷回報(bào)率。建造一個(gè)工廠，有計(jì)算回報(bào)的歷史悠久的方法。但如果你投資于研發(fā)或軟件，或者決定是雇傭更好的人或者培訓(xùn)更多的人呢?沒(méi)有工具來(lái)做這樣的決定?？芍猻uchdecisions指代在知識(shí)型企業(yè)如何判斷回報(bào)率的問(wèn)題。故C項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeit（

）whenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compacted

B.dispersed

C.delayed

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。compacted“壓縮；壓緊”；dispersed“分散；傳播”；delayed“延遲”；restricted“限制”。句意：我們都有自由選擇權(quán)，不喜歡在社會(huì)的法律和道德界限內(nèi)看到自由被限制。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

18.單選題

Theassassinhidhimselfcarefullyfromviewbefore（

）hisfuturevictim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drawingfrom

B.drawingup

C.drawingwith

D.drawingon

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。drawfrom“從……中得到”；drawup“起草；停住”；drawwith“追上”；drawon“利用；吸收；臨近”。句意：在靠近自己未來(lái)的目標(biāo)前，那個(gè)殺手小心地隱藏自己。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.單選題

JuliaGillard,Australia’sprimeminister,wasforcedtodropacontroversialproposaltofunneltheprocessingofpeopleseekingasyluminhercountrythroughMalaysia.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.channel

B.siphon