考研考博-英語-樂山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-樂山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.

問題1選項

A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

B.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

問題2選項

A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.

B.isstillalerttothefireproblem

C.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

問題3選項

A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B.Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessons

C.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStales

D.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency

問題4選項

A.Architectureandbuildingmaterials

B.Educationandtechnology

C.Lawsandattitude

D.Alloftheabove

問題5選項

A.developingnewtechnology

B.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.（安全專家說，問題既不是金錢，也不是技術(shù)，而是一個對火災(zāi)不夠重視的國家的冷漠）和第三段中的Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.（它在預(yù)防火災(zāi)方面比在滅火中花費的要少得多）可知美國火災(zāi)多的原因是他們不夠重視預(yù)防火災(zāi)，因此選B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.（但即使如此成功，美國仍然是世界上火災(zāi)死亡率最高的國家之一）可知D選項“仍然面臨著嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)問題”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.（在美國，大部分教育費用都花在小學(xué)上。但是，這些課程的目標(biāo)受眾太少，只有9%的火災(zāi)死亡是由玩火柴的兒童造成的）可知A選項“消防安全課程應(yīng)針對美國成年人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime...Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.（專家說，致命的錯誤是一種態(tài)度，即火災(zāi)不是任何人的過錯。在其他國家情況并非如此，在這些國家，公共教育和法律都將火災(zāi)視為個人過失或犯罪……日本已經(jīng)有27項因過失引起嚴(yán)重火災(zāi)的處罰，最高可達(dá)無期徒刑）可知C選項“法律和態(tài)度”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通讀全文，可知作者對文章最后一段中的TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.（美國繼續(xù)更多地依賴技術(shù)，而不是法律或社會壓力）這種“不依靠法律或社會壓力”的觀點是不贊成，認(rèn)為需要依靠法律和社會壓力來減少美國火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，因此選B。

2.單選題

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybehopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyatrighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesbowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.

1.ThepurposeofFrederickI’sexperimentwas（）.

2.Thereasonthatsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostlikelythat（）

3.Whatisparticularlyremarkableaboutachildisthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,hewill（）infuture.

問題1選項

A.toprovethatchildrenarebornwithabilitytospeak

B.todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeak

C.tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak

D.toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage

問題2選項

A.theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly

B.theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce

C.theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak

D.theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem

問題3選項

A.heisbornwiththecapacitytospeak

B.hehasabrainmorecomplexthanananimal’s

C.hecanproducehisownsentences

D.heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing

問題4選項

A.Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.

B.Thechild’sbrainishighlyselective.

C.Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.

D.Alltheabove

問題5選項

A.haveahighIQ

B.belessintelligent

C.beinsensitivetoverbalsignals

D.notnecessarilybebackward

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“FrederickI’sexperiment”定位至第一段：itmaybehopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent（他讓護(hù)士們保持沉默，這也許是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)如果沒有聽到母語，孩子會說什么語言）。因此，B選項正確。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“childrenarebackwardinspeaking”定位至第三段：mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant（最常見的原因是母親對嬰兒發(fā)出的信號不敏感。），因此C選項正確。

3.第四段指出：evenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways（更令人難以置信的是，年輕的大腦能夠從周圍聲音的混合中挑出語言的順序，以新的方式分析、組合和重組語言的各個部分）。因此C選項“他可以組成自己的句子”正確。

4.文章第四段第三句指出：atfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinbornwiththecapacitytospeak，可知孩子的語言能力一部分是天生的；從第四段最后一句可知年輕的大腦能夠從周圍聲音的混合中挑出語言的順序，以新的方式分析、組合和重組語言的各個部分，可知嬰兒的大腦是具有選擇性的，文章第四段第一句指出：expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage，可知人類的語言階段往往是在特定的年紀(jì)完成的，由此可知，A、B和C選項均正確，故選D。

5.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“childstartstospeaklater”定位至第四段：therearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ（有的孩子掌握語言能力的時期較晚，但最后卻變成了高智商的人），但是并不是每一個孩子都這樣，因此排除A選項，B、C選項在文章中沒有提及，由此可知D選項為正確答案。

3.單選題

Consumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbythehodge-podge（大雜燴）ofenvironmentalclaimsinhalebyhouseholdproducts,accordingtoa“greenlabeling”studypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.

Amongthereport'smoreoutrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfas“earthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwas“non-polluting”andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobe“environmentallyfriendlier”.

ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncil(NCC)forlobbygroupConsumerInternational.ItwasfundedbytheGermanandDutchgovernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.

“Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequatelyinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy,”saidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.

The10-countrystudysurveyedproductpackaginginBritain,WesternEurope,ScandinaviaandtheUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaverage.

Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergentinsectspraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999.

Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.

“Manyproductshadspecially-designedlabelstomakethemseemenvironmentallyfriendly,butinfactmanyofthesesymbolsmeannothing,”saidreportresearcherPhilipPage.

“Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaims,whilepaintswerethirdonourlistwith73.Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading.’’hesaid.

TheISOlabelingstandardscanvagueormisleadingclaimsonproductpackaging,becausetermssuchas“environmentallyfriendly”and“non-polluting”cannotbeverified.“WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO”,saidpage.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theNCCfounditoutrageousthat（

）.

2.Asindicatedinthispassage,withsomanygoodclaims,theconsumers

（

）.

3.AstudywascarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCto

（

）.

4.Whatisoneoftheconsequencescausedbythemanyclaimsofhouseholdproducts?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelobbygroupConsumerInternationalwantsto（

）.

問題1選項

A.alltheproductssurveyedclaimtomeetISOstandards

B.consumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures’claim

C.theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearordeceiving

D.fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentfriendly

問題2選項

A.arebecomingmorecautiousabouttheproductstheyaregoingtobuy

B.arestillnotwillingtopaymoreforproductswithgreenlabeling

C.arebecomingmoreawareoftheeffectsdifferentproductshaveontheenvironment

D.stilldonotknowtheexactimpactofdifferentproductsontheenvironment

問題3選項

A.examineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandards

B.informtheconsumersoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheproductstheybuy

C.findouthowmanyclaimsmadebyproductsfailtomeetenvironmentalstandards

D.revisetheguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization

問題4選項

A.Theyarelikelytoleadtoseriousenvironmentalproblems

B.Consumersfinditdifficulttotellthetruefromthefalse

C.Theycouldarousewidespreadangeramongconsumer

D.Consumerswillbetemptedtobuyproductstheydon'tneed

問題5選項

A.warnconsumersofthedangerofso-calledgreenproducts

B.seeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalstandards

C.makeproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirements

D.verifytheeffortsofnon-pollutingproducts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“NCC最不能忍受的是什么？”文章第二段提到“報道中不能讓人忍受的是——德國‘蚯蚓之友’化肥，‘無污染’面粉，還有英國的‘環(huán)境友好’廁紙”（Amongthereport'smoreoutrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfas“earthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwas“non-polluting”），即不能忍受這些宣傳，原因在第七段：近2000種產(chǎn)品并沒有像他們標(biāo)榜的那樣對環(huán)境無害，很多都不符合ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards），由此可知，上面的那些宣傳在虛假夸大，選項C“產(chǎn)品的宣傳經(jīng)常很模糊或者帶有欺騙性”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是消費者的反映。文章第四段提到“盡管現(xiàn)在很多產(chǎn)品的宣傳都很美好，但是需要清楚的是消費者仍然無法知道他們買的產(chǎn)品對于環(huán)境的影響有多大”（Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequatelyinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy），選項D“仍然不知道不同產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境的影響”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第六段提到了NCC做這個調(diào)查的目的：用ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來檢測一些特定的產(chǎn)品，比如殺蟲劑，探究這些產(chǎn)品的說明是否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergentinsectspraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999），選項A符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話提到“如此高的數(shù)字表明消費者很難從這些誤導(dǎo)人的產(chǎn)品中分辨出正確的產(chǎn)品”（Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading），選項B“消費者很難分清真?zhèn)巍狈项}意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段最后一句提到“我們現(xiàn)在正在推動讓跨國公司達(dá)到ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”（WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO），選項C“讓產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽符合ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。

4.單選題

Arecentsurveyshowsthat,whileninety-fourpercentofcompaniesconductingmanagement-train-ingprogramsopenthemtowomen，womenare（）onlyseventy-fourpercentofthosepro-grams.

問題1選項

A.protestingagainst

B.participatingin

C.displeasedby

D.allowedin

【答案】B

【解析】短語辨析。句意：最近的調(diào)查顯示，盡管有94%的公司向婦女開放管理培訓(xùn)課程，婦女在這項目中也只有74%的（）。

protestingagainst抗議；participatingin參與；displeasedby不開心；allowedin被允許。選項B符合句意。

5.單選題

Thepoliceare（）theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.

問題1選項

A.verifying

B.acknowledging

C.expressing

D.confessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項verify“核實；查證”；B選項acknowledge“承認(rèn)；答謝；報償”；C選項express“表達(dá)；快遞”；D選項confess“承認(rèn)；坦白；懺悔”。句意：警察通過詢問幾個證人來……囚犯的供詞。證人的意義在于“核實”，因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

Somemineralsarequitecommon,othersareregionally（

）,andstillothersarerareontheearth.

問題1選項

A.attributed

B.distributed

C.contributed

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。attribute“認(rèn)為······是；把······歸于”；distribute“分配，散發(fā)”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)”；scatter“分散，散開”。句意：有些礦藏很常見，有些則是區(qū)域性分布，還有些是地球上罕見的。選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問題2選項

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問題3選項

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問題4選項

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問題5選項

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

8.單選題

Itisverystrange,butIhadan（

）thattheplanewouldcrash.

問題1選項

A.inspiration

B.intuition

C.imagination

D.incentive

【答案】B

【解析】inspiration靈感，鼓舞；intuition直覺；imagination想象力；incentive動機，刺激。句意：雖然很奇怪，但我有一種飛機會墜毀的直覺。選項B符合句意。

9.寫作題

Directions:Use200-250wordstopresentyourviewsonthetopicbelow,usingrelevantreasonsandexamplestosupportthem.

“High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmailandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication.”

【答案】略

10.單選題

Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely（）myideastoproveyourpoint.

問題1選項

A.revising

B.distorting

C.distracting

D.contradicting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revise“修訂”；distort“扭曲”;distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”；contradict“反駁，否定”。根據(jù)Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall“我根本沒有說過那樣的話”可知“為了證明你的觀點，將我的想法扭曲了”符合語境，因此選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Many（）cametothePresident’sreception.

問題1選項

A.person

B.characters

C.people

D.notables

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品質(zhì)”；people“人，人類”；notable“名人，顯要人物”。句意：許多顯要人物前來參加總統(tǒng)的招待會。

12.單選題

AccordingtothegeologicaltheoryputforwardbyafamousgeologistatanacademicconferencenewlyheldinEngland,thesouthofIcelandis（）toearthquakes.

問題1選項

A.disposed

B.likely

C.liable

D.inclined

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:disposed“有……傾向的；打算做……的”；B:likely“很可能的”；C:liable“易遭受的”；D:inclined“趨向于……的”。句意：根據(jù)一位著名的地理學(xué)家在最近英國舉行的學(xué)術(shù)會議上提出的地理理論，愛爾蘭的南方有地震的可能性。結(jié)合句意，C為正確答案。

13.單選題

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項

A.indistinctly

B.irrelevantly

C.independently

D.separately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。indistinctly“朦朧地，不明了地”，不跟of連用；irrelevantly“不相干地（與介詞to連用），不切題地”；independently“獨立地，自立地”，可與介詞of連用；separately“分別地，分離地（與介詞from連用），個別地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“inseparableinfact”（實際上不可分割）知空格處應(yīng)該填寫“分開的或獨立的”。因此選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

InmostearthquakestheEarth’scrustcrackslikeporcelain.Stressbuildsupuntilafractureformsatthedepthofafewkilometersandthecrustslipstorelievethestress.Someearthquakes,however,takeplacehundredsofkilo?metersdownintheEarth'smantle,wherehighpressuremakesrocksoductilethatitflowsinsteadofcracking,evenunderstresssevereenoughtodeformitlikeputty.Howcantherebeearthquakesatsuchdepths?

Thatsuchdeepeventsdooccurhasbeenacceptedonlysince1927,whentheseismologistKiyooWadaticon?vincinglydemonstratedtheirexistence.Insteadofcomparingthearrivaltimesofseismicwavesatdifferentlocations,asearlierresearchershaddone,Wadatireliedonalimedifferencebetweenthearrivalofprimary(P)wavesandtheslowersecondary(S)waves.BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds;theintervalbe?tweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus，orarupturepoint.

Formostearthquakes,Wadatidiscovered,theintervalwasquiteshortneartheepicenter,thepointonthesur?facewhereshakingisthestrongestforafewevents,however,thedelaywaslongenoughattheepicenter.Wadatisawasimilarpatternwhenheanalyzeddataontheintensityofshaking.Mostearthquakeshadasmallareaofintenseshaking,whichweakenedrapidlywithincreasingdistancefromtheepicenter,butotherswerecharacterizedbyalow?erpeakintensity,feltoverabroaderarea.BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,andthedeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatiftheSwavesfromanearthquakearriveatagivenlocationlongaf?terthePwaves,whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingmusttakeplaceinorderforanyearthquaketooccur?

4.Theauthor’sexplanationofhowdeepeventsoccurwouldbemostweakenedifwhichofthefollowingwerediscoveredtobetrue?

問題1選項

A.demonstratingwhythemethodsofearlyseismologistswereflawed

B.defendingarevolutionarytheoryaboutthecausesofearthquakesandmethodsofpredictingthem

C.discussingtheevidencefortheexistenceofdeepeventsandtheconditionsthatallowthemtooccur

D.comparingtheeffectsofshalloweventswiththoseofdeepevents

問題2選項

A.Theearthquakewasadeepevent.

B.Theearthquakewasashallowevent

C.Theearthquakefocuswasdistant.

D.Theearthquakehadalowpeakintensity.

問題3選項

A.Stressmustbuildup.

B.Coolrockmustdescendintothemantle.

C.Afracturemustoccur.

D.BothAandC.

問題4選項

A.Deepeventsarefarlesscommonthanshallowevents.

B.Deepeventsoccurinplacesotherthanwherecrustalplatesmeet.

C.Mantlerockismoreductileatadepthofseveralhundredkilometersthanitisat50kilometers.

D.ThespeedsofbothPandSwavesareslightlygreaterthanpreviouslythough.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Howcantherebeearthquakesatsuchdepths…”，首先提出了問題，“這么深的地方是如何發(fā)生地震的”，文章第二段介紹了地震學(xué)家證明了這種深層地震的存在，根據(jù)第三段，“BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes”，地震學(xué)家繼續(xù)論證了P-S間隔和強度模式表明存在兩種地震。選項C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“andthedeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown.”，可推斷P-S間隔很長的就被稱作deepevents，選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Stressbuildsupuntilafractureformsatthedepthofafewkilometers”，可知地震形成的條件包括壓力的斷裂。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“themorecommonshallowevents,”，可知A選項是原文已經(jīng)提到了，可排除。根據(jù)第一段，“intheEarth'smantle,wherehighpressuremakesrocksoductile”，可知選項C是原文中提到的，可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“theP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatterns”，P-S間隔會對不同類型的地震形成有影響，P和S的速度同時增加不會形成間隔，所以D選項可排除。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso￡groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobj