考研考博-英語-九江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-九江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Doyouknowthefactthatbroadbeancontain（）thatmustbedestroyedbycookingthemathightemperaturebeforeeatingthem?

問題1選項

A.flake

B.aroma

C.ether

D.toxin

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。flake"小薄片，火花";aroma"芳香,香味";ether"乙醚";toxin"毒素"。句意：你知道嗎？蠶豆含有毒素，吃之前必須用高溫烹煮。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Thenewmedialawthathassparkedafurorinthecountryrequiresallbroadcastanddigitalmediatoprovide“balancedcoverage”andisseenbycriticsasanattemptto（）thepress.

問題1選項

A.muzzle

B.underpin

C.sidestep

D.reassure

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。muzzle“使緘默，封鎖...的言論”；underpin“鞏固，支持”；sidestep“回避”；reassure“使安心”。句意：在全國引起了軒然大波的新媒體法，要求所有廣播和數(shù)字媒體提供均衡的報道，被評論家認(rèn)為有可能帶來言論受限等結(jié)果。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

問題1選項

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞用法。B選項much不能直接修飾地名，應(yīng)改為muchof。

4.單選題

Generallyspeaking,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe

concernofstategovernments.

問題1選項

A.excessive

B.unique

C.exclusive

D.inclusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Excessive“過多的，極度的”；unique“獨特的”；exclusive“獨有的；排外的”；inclusive“包含的，包括的”。句意：一般來說，州內(nèi)事務(wù)應(yīng)該是州政府關(guān)心的事。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembers（

）amatchwithoutastandardcourt

問題1選項

A.objectedtohaving

B.wereobjectedtohave

C.objectedtohave

D.wereobjectedtohaving

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場比賽被取消了，因為大部分成員反對在沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)場地的情況下比賽。

考查固定搭配。objecttodoingsth.反對做某事。

6.單選題

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

問題1選項

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexplicable“費解的,無法說明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“筆直的,正直的”。句意:我們可以依靠William去執(zhí)行這次任務(wù),因為他的判斷一直都很可靠。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Yearsofresearchhadeducatedmeabouthowsugar,fat,andsaltchangethebrain.Iunderstoodsomeoftheparallelsbetweenhyperpalatablefoodsanddrugsofabuse,andaboutthelinksamongsensorystimulation,cues,andmemory.I’dmetenoughpeoplelikeClaudiaandMariatounderstandhoweventhethoughtoffoodcouldcausethemtolosecontrol.

ButIwasn’tfullypreparedforthediscoveriesImadeaboutirresistibilityandwhoosh,theMonsterThickburgerandBaked!CheetosFlamin’Hot,aboutindulgenceandpurplecows.Withoutnecessarilyunderstandingtheunderlyingscience,thefoodindustryhasdiscoveredwhatsells.

IwassittingatChili’sGrill&BarinChicago’sO’HareAirportwaitingforalate-nightflight.Atanearbytableacoupleintheirearlyfortieswasdeepintoameal.Thewomanwasoverweight,withabout180poundsonherfive-foot-four-inchframe.TheSouthwesternEggrollsshehadorderedwerelistedasastartercourse,buttheenormousplatterinfrontofherhadbeenheapedwithfood.Thedishwasdescribedonthemenuas"smokedchicken,blackbeans,com,Jackcheese,redpeppers,andspinachwrappedinsideacrispyflourtortilla,"anditwasservedwithacreamyavocado-ranchdippingsauce.Despiteitsname,thedishlookedmorelikeaburritothananeggroll,anonly-in-Americafusionapproach.

Iwatchedasthewomanattackedherfoodwithvigorandspeed.Sheheldtheeggrollinonehand,dunkeditintothesauce,andbroughtittohermouthwhileusingtheforkinherotherhandtoscoopupmoresauce.Occasionallyshereachedoverandspearedsomeofhercompanion’sFrenchfries.Thewomanatesteadily,workingherwayaroundtheplatewithscantpauseforconversationorrest.Whenshefinallypaused,onlyalittlelettucewasleft.

Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.Hadshebeenaskedtodescribewhatshehadjusteaten,sheprobablywouldhavesubstantiallyunderestimatedherconsumption.Andshewouldprobablyhavebeensurprisedtolearnwhattheingredientsinhermealreallywere.

Thewomanmighthavebeeninterestedinhowmyindustrysource,whohadcalledsugar,fat,andsaltthethreepointsofthecompass,describedherentree.Deep-fryingthetortilladrivesdownitswatercontentfrom40percenttoabout5percentandreplacestherestwithfat.“Thetortillaisreallygoingtoabsorbalotoffat,”hesaid.“Itlookslikeaneggrollissupposedtolook,whichiscrispyandbrownontheoutside.”

Thefoodconsultantreadthroughotheringredientsonthelabel,keepinguparunningcommentaryashedid.“Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.”

“There’sgreenstuffinthere,”hesaid,notingthespinach.“ThatmakesmefeellikeI’meatingsomethinghealthy.”

“ShreddedMontereyJackcheese...Theincreaseinper-capitaconsumptionofcheeseisoffthechart.”

Thehotpeppers,hesaid,“addalittlespice,butnottoomuchtokilleverythingelseoff.”Hebelievedthechickenhadbeenchoppedandformedmuchlikeameatloaf,withbindersadded,whichmakesthosecalorieseasytoswallow.Ingredientsthatholdmoisture,includingautolyzedyeastextract,sodiumphosphate,andsoyproteinconcentrate,furthersoftenthefood.Inoticedthatsaltappearedeighttimesonthelabelandthatsweetenersweretherefivetimes,intheformofcom-syrupsolids,molasses,honey,brownsugar,andsugar.

“Thisishighlyprocessed?”Iasked.

“Absolutely,yes.Allofthishasbeenprocessedsuchthatyoucanwolfitdownfast...choppedupandmadeultrapalatable...Veryappealinglooking,veryhighpleasureinthefood,veryhighcaloricdensity.Rulesoutallthatstuffyouhavetochew.”

Byeliminatingtheneedtochew,modernfoodprocessingtechniquesallowustoeatfaster.“Whenyou’reeatingthesethings,you’vehad500,600,800,900caloriesbeforeyouknowit,”saidtheconsultant.“Literallybeforeyouknowit.”Refinedfoodsimplymeltsinthemouth.

36.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sdescriptionofthewomaneatinginparagraphfour?

37.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonwhypeopleovereatisthat（）.

38.ThefollowingareallingredientsintheeggrollsEXCEPT（）.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

40.InthefirstsentenceofParagraphfour,theword“vigor”mostnearlymeans（）.

問題1選項

A.ThewomanpreferstoeatatChili’svs.otherrestaurants.

B.Thewomantrulyenjoysthefoodsthatshechoosestoeat.

C.Thewoman’sefficiencyatcleaningherplateaddstoherdiningexperience.

D.Theauthorisdisgustedbythewoman’sconsumption.

問題2選項

A.saltandsweeteners,likecorn-syrupsolidsandbrownsugar,areaddedtothefood

B.wedon’thavetochewourfoodverymuch

C.peoplelikesmokyflavor

D.sugar,fatandsaltchangethebrain

問題3選項

A.darkmeatchicken

B.salt

C.binders

D.honey

問題4選項

A.Ifyoueattoomuchfoodtooquickly,you’llgainweightandbecomeunhealthy.

B.Becauserefinedfoodisirresistibleandeasytoeat,itmaskshowunhealthyitis,leavingpeopleunawareofthepoorfoodchoicesthey’remaking.

C.Chili’sisoneoftherestaurantsintheU.S.servingunhealthyfoodtoconsumerstoday.

D.FoodconsultantsandauthorsaremakingAmericansawareoftheirunhealthyeatinghabits,thus,creatinghealthiergenerationsforyearstocome.

問題5選項

A.pleasure

B.flamboyance

C.lethargy

D.energy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】36.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。本題采用排除法。將信息點定位為文章第四段。即可排除A、B、C三項。又根據(jù)第五段首句Hadsheknownsomeonewaswatchingher,I’msureshewouldhaveeatendifferently.（如果她知道有人在看著她，我肯定她會吃得不一樣）得出本題答案。

37.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的overeat，將信息點定位到文章最后一段，從而得出本題答案。選項A、C和D文中都有提及，但這些并不是引起暴飲暴食的原因。

38.

細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞eggrolls，將信息點定位為原文第七段。選項A中的darkmeatchicken與原文第七段第二句Cookedwhitemeatchicken,binderadded,smokeflavor.Peoplelikesmokyflavor—it’sthecavemaninthem.中的whitemeatchicken表達(dá)意思相反，從而得出本題答案。

39.

文章主旨題。原文的第一段第一句為本文的主題句，指出sugar、fat和salt改變了人們的大腦，然后列舉了一些例子，并且在文章最后一段對這些例子進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，指出這種情況產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。從而得出本題答案。

40.語義題。根據(jù)題干，將信息定位為文章第四段。結(jié)合上下文語意，原句中attacked（攻擊）這個詞不能與pleasure（快樂）同時發(fā)生，排除；因為woman并沒有意識到誰在關(guān)注她，排除flamboyance（華麗）；lethargy“昏睡”意味著懶惰，與主題無關(guān)，排除。D項符合句意，與后文提到的calories（卡路里，熱量單位）對應(yīng)。從而得出本題答案。

8.單選題

Aperson’soptimismlevelchangesovertheyears,dependingonwhat’shappeningintheirlife,thetypeofpeopletheysocializeandhowdeterminedtheyaretomotivatethemselves.

問題1選項

A.overtheyears

B.dependingon

C.socialize

D.howdetermined

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。Socialize在句子中是動詞原形，表示“交際”；而該句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以socialize不能用動詞原形的形式，根據(jù)它的邏輯主語they可知，它們之間是主動關(guān)系，因此這里要把socialize改為socializing做定語修飾thetypeofpeople。句意：一個人的樂觀水平會隨著時間的推移而改變，這取決于他們生活中發(fā)生的事情、他們所交往的人的類型以及他們激勵自己的決心。因此，該題選擇C項。

9.單選題

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation’sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.

Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotropicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.

Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.

Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhenneedit.

“Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense,”saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthosesimplefactors.“Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget,”shesays.

Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-Q,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-Q,inboxes1-10onyouranswersheet.

ResearchcarriedoutbyscientistsintheUnitedStateshasshownthattheproportionofpeopleover65sufferingfromthemostcommonage-relatedmedicalproblemsis（1）andthatthespeedofthischangeis（2）.Italsoseemsthatthesediseasesareaffectingpeople（3）inlifethantheydidinthepast.Thisislargelyduetodevelopmentsin（4）butotherfactorssuchasimproved（5）mayalsobeplayingapart.Increasesinsomeother（6）maybeduetochangesinpersonalhabitsandto（7）.Theresearchestablishesalinkbetweenlevelsof（8）andlifeexpectancy.Italsoshowsthattherehasbeenaconsiderablereductioninthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoare（9）whichmeansthatthe（10）involvedinsupportingthissectionofthepopulationmaybelessthanpreviouslypredicted.

問題1選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題2選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題3選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題4選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題5選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題6選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題7選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題8選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題9選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題10選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:I

第3題:F

第4題:M

第5題:J

第6題:C

第7題:N

第8題:K

第9題:G

第10題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.”，研究人員分析了1994年收集的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果，稱關(guān)節(jié)炎、高血壓和血液循環(huán)問題是這個年齡段的主要疾病，每年困擾的比例越來越小?？膳袛喑雠c老年有關(guān)的疾病越來越少，比例正在下降。選項B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.”，數(shù)據(jù)證實，老年疾病的下降速度繼續(xù)加快。可判斷出這種變化的速度不斷提高。選項I符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“…revealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.”，與越來越少的人患上與老年相關(guān)的疾病，到很晚的時候才會發(fā)生這樣的疾病?？膳袛喑雠c年齡相關(guān)的疾病正困擾著越來越少的人，而且會出現(xiàn)得越來越晚。選項F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第四段第一句，“Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.”，顯然，某些疾病在“醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步”面前正在退卻?？膳袛喑鲠t(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致了患病率的下降。信息M符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段第三句，“Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.”二十世紀(jì)上半葉兒童營養(yǎng)狀況的改善，使今天的老年人比他們的前輩有了更好的開端?？膳袛喑鰻I養(yǎng)狀況的改善是患病率下降的因素之一。選項J符合題意。

6.根據(jù)文章第五段第二句，“Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.”，一些癌癥和支氣管炎的增加可能反映了吸煙習(xí)慣的改變和空氣質(zhì)量的下降?？膳袛喑鲇捎谝恍┝?xí)慣的改變可能會增加其他的一些疾病。選項C符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句，“Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.”，曼頓認(rèn)為習(xí)慣的改變可能是微妙的影響，但是60年來人們暴露在越發(fā)污染嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境中，對疾病造成影響?？膳袛喑鑫廴疽彩羌膊÷实挠绊懸蛩刂弧＿x項N符合題意。

8.根據(jù)文章第六段第一句，“OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.”，曼頓發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個有趣的相關(guān)性是：受教育程度高的人可能更長壽?？膳袛喑黾膊÷蔬€可能與教育程度相關(guān)。選項K符合題意。

9.根據(jù)文章第七段，“Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.”，殘疾老年人的數(shù)量正在下降?？膳袛喑鲞@里提到的是有關(guān)于殘疾的老年人數(shù)量下降的現(xiàn)象。選項G符合題意。

10.根據(jù)文章第七段最后一句，“AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.”，據(jù)曼頓表示，減緩老齡化趨勢為美國政府的醫(yī)療保險系統(tǒng)節(jié)省了2000多億美元，這表明美國人口老齡化帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)可能比預(yù)期的要輕?？膳袛喑鋈丝诶淆g化問題的解決可以減少對這部分人口的開支。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Thenastylanguageoflocalofficialsmakesthemseemveryignorantandrude.

問題1選項

A.artificial

B.indecent

C.humorous

D.lively

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。nasty“下流的；脾氣不好的；險惡的”；A選項artificial“人造的；虛偽的；非原產(chǎn)地的”；B選項indecent“下流的；不禮貌的；不得體的”；C選項humorous“詼諧的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的”；D選項lively“活潑的；生動的；真實的”。句意：地方官員的臟話使他們顯得非常無知和粗魯。根據(jù)句中“makesthemseemveryignorantandrude讓他們顯得非常無知且無禮”可知nasty在這里的意思為“下流的”，因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

ChlorineisamainstayinmostswimmingpoolsintheUnitedStates,andisusedtoeradicatebacteria.Abacteria-freepoolwillusuallyensurethatswimmerswon'tcontractaseriousillnessiftheyspendtimein,andpossiblyingest,thewater.Whenchlorineisaddedtopoolwater,achemicalreactionoccurswherebythechlorinebreaksdownintoalegionchemicalsthatcombinetokillbacteriathatmaybeinthewater.Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.Thischemicalreactiondoesn’toccurimmediately-individualcomponentswithinchlorinetakevaryingamountsoftimetointeractwiththebacteria,creatinganalmosttime-release-typeofkillinthepoolwater.

Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.Astheyreact,thehypochlorousacidandhypochloriteioncombinetocreateaparticularacceptablepHlevelinthepoolwater.ApHisameasureofthealkalinityandaciditypresent;apHvalueof7representsaneutralvalue,and7.4isthepHvalueofthehumantear.ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.Asthechemicalsinchlorinecompletetheirreactions,theybreakdownandarenolongereffectiveinkeepingthepoolwaterneutralized.Additionalchlorinemustbeaddedtowateratspecifictimes.Outdoorpoolsthatareindirectsunlightneedtohavewateraddedmoreoftenbecausethechemicalreactiontimeforchlorineisincreasedanditseffectivenessisreducedintheseconditions.Sincethehypochloriteionisanespeciallypotentchemicalcapableoffadingfabricsandpaint,mostpeoplearemeticulousaboutrinsingchlorinefrompotentiallyaffectedareas.Althoughchlorineisinexpensiveandwidelyavailable,somepeoplefindthebleachsmelltoberepugnantandthedistinctaromapresentatmanyswimmingpoolstobeoverwhelming.Thesepeoplemaynotbeabletoenjoyaquaticpursuitsinthosepoolsthatemploychlorineasacleansingagent.Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.

1.Accordingtothepassage,astablepHvalueinpoolwaterisdependentuponwhichofthefollowing

（

）.

2.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto

（

）.

3.Basedonthepassage,whichstatementisprobablyNOTtrueofchlorine?

4.TheauthorincludestheinformationaboutthepHofhumantearsmainlyto（

）.

5.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutchlorineEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Ensuringthatthereisonlyaminimumamountofbacteriainthewater

B.Monitoringandaddingchlorinewhenwarranted

C.Payingcloseattentiontothereactionsofchemicalsinthepoolwater

D.Ensuringthatwaterisprotectedfromdirectsunlight

問題2選項

A.offeranunbiasedopinionofchlorine，sefficacy

B.provideanargumentforusingchlorine

C.discussthechemicalreactiontakingplacewithinapool

D.showhowchlorinecankeeppoolwatersafe

問題3選項

A.Itcanbeharmfulifswallowed.

B.Occasionalhighlevelsinpoolwaterareprobablynotharmful.

C.Itcankillmostcommontypesofpoolwaterbacteria.

D.Apool’ssizewilldictatetheamountneeded.

問題4選項

A.givethereaderabaseofreference

B.provideavisualimageforthereader

C.personalizethepassagetoenhanceinterest

D.answerthereader’santicipatedquestion

問題5選項

A.chlorine'sefficacyisaffectedbysunlight

B.chlorineismadeupoftwochemicals:hypochlorousacidandhypochlorineion

C.chlorineisusuallysaidtobemalodorous

D.chlorinelevelsmustberoutinelyassessedinpoolwater

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到第二段“Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.氯必須定期補(bǔ)充”及“ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.必須定期監(jiān)測pH值比，以確保一致的最佳速率-通常保持在一個可靠的pH值測量試劑盒測量的7至8的光譜范圍內(nèi)?！笨芍狟項“必要時監(jiān)測并加氯”符合題意。

2.作者意圖題。由第一段“Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，特別是次氯酸和次氯酸鹽離子，通過消滅和氧化可惡的細(xì)胞來消滅細(xì)菌。當(dāng)這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)發(fā)生時，細(xì)菌基本上是無害的?！笨芍髡咧饕窍虢榻B氯氣是如何確保泳池干凈和安全的。

3.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段“Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.其他人可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，吸入一些泳池周圍高濃度的氯可能很難忍受。還有一些人在含有氯的游泳池游泳后可能會感到皮膚刺激。雖然有其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)和化合物可以用來清潔游泳池，但它們可能昂貴得令人望而卻步，或者無法殺死水中存在的所有類型的細(xì)菌?！笨芍行┤宋胍恍┯境刂車邼舛鹊穆瓤赡芎茈y忍受。故B項“偶爾泳池里的氯含量高可能是無害的?！北硎鲥e誤。

4.推理判斷題。作者通過舉例直觀地解釋PH值的知識，讓讀者有一些了解

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)對本文第二段的理解，一旦氯氣在太陽光下，那么它的有效性就會降低，而第一段指出氯氣中發(fā)生反應(yīng)的化學(xué)元素主要是次氯酸和次氯酸離子，但這無法推理出就僅僅只有這兩種物質(zhì)，B項“氯由兩種化學(xué)物質(zhì)組成：次氯酸和低氯離子”答案過于絕對。

12.單選題

（）Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.

問題1選項

A.Eventhough

B.Unless

C.Aslongas

D.However

【答案】C

【解析】句意：只要我知道錢是安全的,我就不會擔(dān)心。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Drivingacarwithoutinsurancecanhave（）consequences.

問題1選項

A.uncertain

B.disastrous

C.potential

D.unworthy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項uncertain“無常的；靠不住的；遲疑不決的”；B選項disastrous“損失慘重的；悲傷的”；C選項potential“潛在的；可能的”；D選項unworthy“不值得的；無價值的”。句意：在沒有保險的情況下駕車可能產(chǎn)生損失慘重的后果。根據(jù)句中“Drivingacarwithoutinsurance在沒有保險的情況下駕車”可知“損失慘重的”符合語境，因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

7.

問題1選項

A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.

B.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

C.It'shardforthemtofulfilltheirplans.

D.It’simpossibletogetmoneyfromGatesFoundation.

【答案】B

【解析】M:ThismoneyfromtheGatesFoundationwillhelpuswithourplans.

W:Howcoulditnot?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】態(tài)度方向題。女士回答：Howcoulditnot，即她非常同意男士說的。

15.單選題

Iwas（

）tostudyFrenchyesterday,butIchangedmymind.

問題1選項

A.tobestarting

B.tostart

C.tohavestarted

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。was/weretohavedone表示“過去計劃打算做某事，結(jié)果卻沒做”，was/weretodo表示“過去計劃做某事”。由but后面的內(nèi)容可知此處表示“過去打算做而未做的事”，因此選C。

16.單選題

Priortotheelection,thecandidatehadpromisedtoimprovethelivingconditionsoftheworkers.

問題1選項

A.Until

B.Dueto

C.Considering

D.Before

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項Until“直到……為止”；B選項Dueto“由于”；C選項Considering“考慮到”；D選項Before“在……之前”。句意：在選舉之前，這位候選人曾承諾要改善工人的生活條件。劃線部分Priorto是在……之前的意思。因此D選項正確。

17.單選題

（）quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopme