考研考博-英語(yǔ)-徐州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-徐州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordtablefollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthetableisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthetablemorethanonce.

Theearliest（1）abouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'saccuracytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartas（2）frommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywas（3）withthestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthe（4）thatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographers（5）thatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyis（6）establishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariously（7）tobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anything（8）makingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.Itshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakefor（9）theconceptofartimposedbythe（10）ofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:I

第4題:A

第5題:E

第6題:B

第7題:M

第8題:K

第9題:L

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:1.由下文“whether….”可知此空填controversies正確，句意：最早關(guān)于攝影和藝術(shù)關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論集中在…

2.bedistinctfrom“與…不同”。

3.beidenticalwith“與…一致”。

4.由that….可知此空指有人指責(zé)。句意：有人指責(zé)攝影是沒有靈魂的、對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的機(jī)械復(fù)制…

5.此空應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，句意：攝影師們宣稱，這是一種特殊的觀看方式，是對(duì)平庸視覺的反抗，是一種與繪畫同等價(jià)值的藝術(shù)。

6.由ironically以及后半句句意可知此處意為：具有諷刺意味的是，現(xiàn)在攝影被安全地確立為一門藝術(shù)，許多攝影師認(rèn)為它自命不凡或與此標(biāo)簽不相關(guān)。

7.claimtodosth“聲稱做某事”。

8.anythingbut“根本不，決不”。

9.takeforgranted“認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的”。

10.此處要填名詞。句意：它顯示了他們僅僅把現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)概念視為理所當(dāng)然的程度：藝術(shù)越好，對(duì)藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo)就越有顛覆性。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

第6題:

第7題:

第8題:

第9題:

第10題:

2.單選題

Wagneronce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofmusicthatwaspopularwiththeyoungpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.constituted

C.partitioned

D.collaborated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:瓦格納曾與另一位音樂家合作創(chuàng)作了一首深受年輕人歡迎的音樂。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。merge合并，吞沒;constitute組成，建立；partition分割，分隔，區(qū)分；collaborate合作，勾結(jié)，通敵。

3.單選題

________arepoorobserversoftheirchild’sbehavior,sodeviantbehaviorreachesunmanageableproportions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Parentsthat

B.Parents

C.Whenparents

D.Ifparents

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞。句意：因?yàn)楦改覆簧朴谟^察孩子的行為，所以離譜的行為將會(huì)到達(dá)一個(gè)難以掌控的比例。這個(gè)句子關(guān)鍵詞是連詞so，我們要連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，所以答案選B；其他選項(xiàng)與題干結(jié)合都是把前面一半句當(dāng)成從句看待，從句不能算是真正意義上的句子只能在句子中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分，所以A，C，D選項(xiàng)不能選。

4.單選題

Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.predictable

B.impressive

C.famous

D.gradual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)言的”，B項(xiàng)impressive“給人以深刻印象的”，C項(xiàng)famous“著名的，極好的”，D項(xiàng)gradual“逐漸的，平緩的”。句意：農(nóng)民們涌向西部，以驚人的速度填滿了邊境土地。stunning在句中表示“驚人的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

5.案例題

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"-ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots（同胞）?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic（有魅力的）blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.

Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient（出色的）image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious（隱伏的）side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A.Excited.

B.Victorious.

C.Anxious.

D.Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether.

A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B.Thepowerofrolemodels.

C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.

A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat.

A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.

A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton(

).

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's(

).

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial(

).

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.A

6.C

7.C

8.ourviewsofwomen

9.politicalsentiment

10.stereotypes

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)ErinWhite聽到Obama成功贏得選舉的消息，她感覺到肩上的擔(dān)子減輕了。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

根據(jù)第二段ErinWhite說(shuō)的話“Buttherehad...gosofar.”可知，她總是被一些問題所困擾，比如是否能成為自己想成為的人，在人生路上能走多遠(yuǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AshbyPlantis...totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.”所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.

根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.”以及第四段提到的howthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“preliminaryresults”定位到Dropinbias這一部分的內(nèi)容，本段最后一句“hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.”所以選項(xiàng)A與原文相符。

6.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“negativeside”定位到Talkinghonestly這一部分的內(nèi)容“TheObamaeffect...beforetheelection.”，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“CherylKaiser”定位到Hugeobstacles這一部分的內(nèi)容，“wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife.”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

8.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Effron”定位到“Hugeobstacles”這一部分第三段Effron說(shuō)的內(nèi)容“There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected”.。

9.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps.”。

10.

根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes.”。

6.單選題

Shecontrivedtogetaglimpseofthelightoftruthhereandthere,andhopedthat（）raymightsufficetoguideher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scant

B.scarce

C.meager

D.sparse

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scant“不足的，缺乏的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是勉強(qiáng)足夠的；B選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的，稀有的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“稀缺、珍貴”；C選項(xiàng)meager“貧乏的”，多指收入微?。籇選項(xiàng)sparse“稀疏的，稀少的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)人煙稀少，資源匱乏。句意：她設(shè)法在各處瞥見一點(diǎn)真理的光芒，希望那微弱的光芒足以引導(dǎo)她。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是勉強(qiáng)足夠的，所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Mostofthecivilservantsinvolvedintheaffairhavebeensuccessfully（）andsentenced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosecuted

B.propagated

C.persecuted

D.precipitated

【答案】A

【解析】prosecute"起訴,告發(fā)";propagate"傳播,傳送;繁殖";persecute"迫害,困擾";precipitate"使沉淀;促成"。句意：大部分涉案公務(wù)員已被成功檢控和判刑。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.翻譯題

機(jī)器人我們正生活在一個(gè)機(jī)器人承擔(dān)許多工作的時(shí)代。機(jī)器人可以制造汽車、駕駛飛機(jī)和處理賬單。

不過這些機(jī)器人并不是人形機(jī)器。它們的外形并不像我們。它們是特別制造出來(lái)代替人做某些工作的機(jī)器，可以給它們以任何適宜的外形。機(jī)器人的“腦子”是一部電腦，它能夠儲(chǔ)存指令，并能夠控制其它部件。機(jī)器人有手臂，能夠做人用手干的多種工作。例如，機(jī)器人可以在汽車裝配線上焊接車身和噴漆。

使用機(jī)器人比使用工人的優(yōu)越之處是它們可以不停地長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，它們從不疲勞，而工作的準(zhǔn)確性卻始終如一。它們可以在人無(wú)法忍受的條件下工作，如有高溫、有強(qiáng)烈的噪音或是有危險(xiǎn)射線的場(chǎng)合，隨著機(jī)器人數(shù)量的增加，它們的制造成本也會(huì)下降。

盡管機(jī)器人正在迅速承擔(dān)工業(yè)中的許多工作，但要在家里做家務(wù)活卻似乎還差得很遠(yuǎn)。問題在于即使干一半的家務(wù)活也需要有一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜、非常昂貴的機(jī)器人。

【答案】Robot9.翻譯題

除了干旱時(shí)期，人們從不把水看成是寶貴的自然資源。誠(chéng)然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。地球表面百分之七十被水覆蓋。在有可靠供水系統(tǒng)的城區(qū)，很少有人感到缺水。因?yàn)槲覀兿氘?dāng)然地以為水與空氣一樣不值錢，什么地方都有。然而部分因?yàn)槿丝谠黾?，部分因?yàn)榭膳碌睦速M(fèi)，在當(dāng)今世界的許多地方，供水已成為一大挑戰(zhàn)。它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)不可置之不理的嚴(yán)重問題。

【答案】Inadditiontothedryperiod,peoplehaveneverregardedwaterasavaluablenaturalresource.Itistruethatwaterisnotararethingintheworld.Seventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Inthecitywithreliablewatersupplysystem,fewpeoplefeelwatershortage.Wetakeitforgrantedthatwaterisnomorevaluablethanairandcanfindwatereverywhere.However,partlybecauseoftheincreaseinpopulation,andpartlybecauseoftheterriblewaste,watersupplyhasbecomeabigchallengeinmanypartsoftheworld.Thisisaseriousproblemthatcannotbeignored.

10.單選題

Criticscalledtheproposala（）gamethatisnoteasilyrecognizable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.board

B.ball

C.home

D.shell

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)board“木板，甲板，膳食，董事長(zhǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)ball“球，舞會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)home“家，住宅，產(chǎn)地，家鄉(xiāng)，避難所”；D選項(xiàng)shell“殼，貝殼，炮彈，外形”。shellgame為固定搭配，意為“騙局”。句意：批評(píng)人士稱該提議是一場(chǎng)難以辨認(rèn)的騙局。因此C答案正確。

11.單選題

Insomesocieties,whenpeopleexchangegifts,thegiverwillsayhisgiftisoflessvalue,whilethereceiver_______itsvalue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnifies

B.manipulates

C.abandon

D.abbreviate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“magnifies”意為“放大；贊美；夸大”；B選項(xiàng)“manipulates”意為“操縱；操作；巧妙地處理；篡改”；C選項(xiàng)“abandon”意為“遺棄；離開；放棄；終止；陷入”；D選項(xiàng)“abbreviate”意為“縮寫，使省略；使簡(jiǎn)短”。句意：在某些社會(huì)中，當(dāng)人們交換禮物時(shí)，送禮者會(huì)說(shuō)他的禮物價(jià)格低廉，而收禮的人會(huì)夸大禮物的價(jià)值。由題干可知，while表示前后構(gòu)成了對(duì)比關(guān)系，前文說(shuō)送禮者貶低價(jià)格，那么收禮者就是夸大價(jià)格。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

IamtoldthatProfessorAtkinshasalreadyvisitedthissiteforfivetimessincetheareawasopenedtogeologistsin2007.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iamtold

B.hasalreadyvisited

C.forfivetimes

D.wasopenedtogeologists

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。opened應(yīng)改為open,beopento對(duì)…開放。

13.單選題

Ihaveaskedalotofpeople,but（）ofthemknew（）aboutsuchathing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.not...everything

B.neither...something

C.none...anything

D.afew...nothing

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。afew用于肯定，故排除D項(xiàng)。能與of連用的只有none。anything用于否定。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：我問了許多人，但是沒有人知道這件事。

14.問答題

SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorceratein

A

B

theworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope.Contrary

C

tofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;Although/While

【解析】考查連詞。由“theUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld（美國(guó)的離婚率仍然是世界上最高的，這一點(diǎn)令人懷疑）”和“thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope（在歐洲，離婚率的暫時(shí)下降并沒有達(dá)到同樣的程度）”可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用although或while。

15.單選題

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“l(fā)ikegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.

2.JulesLodish（）.

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

（）.

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease

C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices

D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.

B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.

C.Providingmedicalconsultation.

D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle（A.L.S是一種漸進(jìn)性的麻痹性疾病，幾乎使每一塊肌肉都停止活動(dòng)）”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.（肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥或盧伽雷氏癥，常被描述為一種活死人。身體會(huì)變得松弛，而頭腦卻保持完整和敏銳的意識(shí)。）”，由此可推斷出肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥使肌肉病變會(huì)有一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過程。A選項(xiàng)“使人立即癱瘓”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“使每一塊肌肉逐漸停止活動(dòng)”符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)是高度傳染性的”和D選項(xiàng)“是由基因決定的，不能治愈”文章都沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.（但當(dāng)人們問洛迪什對(duì)自己的生活有何感想時(shí)，他的眼神流露出了身體所沒有的那種強(qiáng)烈感，他回答說(shuō)：我仍然期待著。）”和第四段“l(fā)essisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.（但對(duì)于那些像洛迪什醫(yī)生一樣想要活下去的病人，人們卻知之甚少。）”，由此可推斷出Dr.Lodish雖然被肌肉萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥折磨，但他仍不失積極樂觀的心態(tài)，對(duì)生活充滿期待，決定好好生活與病魔抗?fàn)幍降?。A選項(xiàng)“想自殺”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“支持俄勒岡州一項(xiàng)（允許醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的）法律”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“決心活得更長(zhǎng)”符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“正在變得失去意識(shí)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“What