考研考博-英語-成都信息工程大學考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都信息工程大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題

Directions:Writeashortessay(around200words)expressingyourideaaboutGOODMANNERSin3paragraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodevelopitsideasincompletingtheparagraph.

1.Goodmannersmeangoodbehaviorinsocialintercourse.

2.Aselfishmancanneverpossessgoodmanners.

3.Thenhowtolearngoodmanners?

【答案】略

2.單選題

Budgetforecastsaretheultimatelessonintakingthings（）inhindsight,mostforecastslookworsethanrandomguesses.

問題1選項

A.withastrokeofthepen

B.withawhipofscorpions

C.withagrainofsalt

D.withallduesubmission

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。withastrokeofthepen“一筆一劃”；withawhipofscorpions“用殘酷的高壓手段”；withagrainofsalt“持懷疑態(tài)度，有保留”；withallduesubmission“必恭必敬的”。句意：預算預估對事情的猜測持保留態(tài)度，大多數(shù)預測看起來比隨機猜測更糟。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Themanagerthought______theproblemforthreedaysbeforehefinallymadethedecision.

問題1選項

A.on

B.in

C.over

D.down

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.on在……上B.in在……里

C.over關于，翻轉(zhuǎn)D.down向下

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由forthreedays（三天）可知，這個經(jīng)理是“仔細考慮”，thinkover為固定搭配，表示“仔細考慮”。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B、D選項和think不構(gòu)成搭配；

A選項thinkon（考慮，思量）程度不夠深，排除。

【句意】在最后做出決定之前，經(jīng)理對這個問題仔細考慮了三天。

4.單選題

Ican’tfindmygloves.Imusthave______themonthebuswhenIcamehomefromschool.

問題1選項

A.left

B.lost

C.forgotten

D.missed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.left離開，遺留B.lost失去

C.forgotten忘記D.missed錯過

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前面句子的意思“我找不到手套了”，可知Imusthave______themonthebus表示的是“我把它們落在公交車上了”，left符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

C、D選項不符合句意；

B選項是指不知道忘在了哪里，排除。

【句意】我找不到手套了。我一定是放學回家時把它們落在公共汽車上了。

5.翻譯題

1.ThecostofhealthcareisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheUnitedStates,and,asmostpeopleknowfromexperience,drugpricesareagrowingpartoftheproblem.

2.Althoughdrugspendingrepresentsonly12percentoftotalhealthcosts，itisrisingatanannualrateof10to12percent—morethanfourtimestherateofinflation—andwillsoonovertakephysicianfeesasthesecondlargestpartofthehealth-carebill,alterhospitalizationcosts.Whyisthishappening?Unlikeotheradvancedcountries,theUnitesStatesdoesn’tregulatedrugcosts.

3.Privateinsurersbargainwithmanufacturersfordiscountsonthemedicinestheycover,butthedrugindustryhaslongstymiedsucheffortsbythefederalgovernment.TheresultisthatAmericanspayroughlytwiceasmuchasCanadiansorEuropeansforbrand-namemedications

4.Theproblemisreachingcrisisproportions—andwithoutboldreforms,itwillgetworse.Thepharmaceuticalindustryclaimsthathighpricesarenecessarytocoveritsresearchanddevelopmentcosts.5.Thetruthisthatin2002,thetop10Americandrugcompanieshadamedianprofitmarginof17percent,comparedwithlessthan3.1percentfortheotherFortune500industries.

【答案】1.醫(yī)療保健費用是美國面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一，而且，正如大多數(shù)人從經(jīng)驗中知道的那樣，藥價是問題日益嚴重的一部分。

2.雖然藥物支出僅占總醫(yī)療費用的12%，年率上升10%到12%——超過通貨膨脹率的四倍，很快就會超越醫(yī)生診療費用，成為第二大醫(yī)療保健法案的一部分，改變住院費用。

3.私人保險公司與制造商討價還價，爭取他們承保的藥品的折扣，但制藥業(yè)長期以來一直阻撓聯(lián)邦政府的這類努力。

4.這個問題正達到危機的程度——如果不進行大膽的改革，它將變得更糟。

5.事實是，2002年，美國前十大制藥公司的利潤率中值為17%，而其他財富500強行業(yè)的利潤率中值不到3.1%。

6.單選題

Jimmyearnshislivingby（）worksofartinthemuseum.

問題1選項

A.recovering

B.restoring

C.renewing

D.reviving

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項recovering“恢復；再生”；B選項restoring“恢復，重建；正在恢復”；C選項renewing“重新開始；恢復；使……更新；延長……的期限”；D選項reviving“振興”。recover/restore都有康復的意思，但是用法不同。一般用法分別為：sbrecovers（不及物）、sbrestoreshishealth（及物），所以restore與語義相對應。句意：吉米靠修復博物館里的藝術品謀生。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

7.

問題1選項

A.Heistheheadofthehospital.

B.HeisinchargeofPediatrics.

C.HewentoutlookingforDan.

D.HewenttoMichiganonbusiness.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Hello,thisisDonNorthfromPediatrics.I’dlikeawordwithDoctorWilsonifit’spossible.

W:I’msorry,butheleftforMichigantoattendaconferencethismorning.Hewasinfactlookingforyoujustbeforeheleft.

Q:WhatistrueaboutDoctorWilson?

【解析】細節(jié)題。對話中說到：heleftforMichigantoattendaconferencethismorning，即DoctorWilson今早前往密歇根參加會議。

8.單選題

Terroristactivities,inwhateverforms,aretobedenouncedbypeace-lovingpeopleworldwide.

問題1選項

A.announced

B.forgiven

C.condemned

D.despised

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。denounce表示“譴責，公然抨擊”；A項announce“宣布”，B項forgive“原諒”，C項condemn“譴責，判刑”，D項despise“輕視，鄙視”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主義活動都應受到全世界愛好和平的人民的譴責。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇C項正確。

9.單選題

Hisremarksfinally____methatIhadmadetherightdecision.

問題1選項

A.assured

B.ensured

C.reassured

D.insured

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.assured（向……）保證B.ensured確保

C.reassured使……安心；打消……的疑慮D.insured投保

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：他的話終于……我的決定是正確的。根據(jù)邏輯，他的話應該是打消我的顧慮，讓我確信我的決定是正確的。因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項assured“（向……）保證”，并不是他的話保證我的決定是正確的，而是他的話使我安心，從而讓我覺得我的決定是正確的，該選項不符合邏輯；

B選項ensured“確?！?，并不是他的話確保我的決定是正確的，該選項不符合邏輯；

D選項insured“投保”，該選項不符合語境。

【句意】他的話最終打消了我的疑慮，我做了正確的決定。

10.單選題

InEnglishlearning,a（）circleoccurswhenastudentmakesmoreerrorsafterbeingscolded.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.vicious

C.voluntary

D.vertical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vigorous“精力充沛的，有力的”；B選項vicious“惡劣的，嚴重的”；C選項voluntary“志愿的；自發(fā)的”；D選項vertical“垂直的；直上的”。句意：在英語學習中，如果學生挨罵后犯錯更多，就會形成（）循環(huán)。根據(jù)語境，vicious“惡劣的，嚴重的”搭配circle“循環(huán)”比較合理，翻譯成惡性循環(huán)。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Theymakebetteruseofthetimetheyhave,andtheyarelesslikelytoyieldtofatigueinstressfuljobs.

問題1選項

A.tosuccumbtobeingtired

B.tosustainthefatigue

C.toendurethelongstrain

D.toexposethemtotherisks

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查短語搭配。A選項tosuccumbtobeingtired屈服于疲勞；B選項tosustainthefatigue維持疲勞；C選項toendurethelongstrain承受長期壓力；D選項toexposethemtotherisks暴露在風險下。句意：他們很好地利用了現(xiàn)有時間，不會輕易地因充滿壓力的工作弄得疲勞不堪。因此，等同于toyieldtofatigue“屈服疲勞”的選項是A項。

12.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問題1選項

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問題2選項

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問題3選項

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問題4選項

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問題5選項

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項A錯誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項B也錯誤；根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項C正確；選項D在文中沒有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權(quán)法案》是1866年出臺的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準的,所以首先排除選項C；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權(quán)法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權(quán)的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權(quán)法案》之前,所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權(quán)法案》,他認為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒有賦予國會權(quán)力將公民權(quán)和平等保護擴展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國會很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關心的是憲法是否為所有美國公民的平等保護提供了支持,選項B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國會在立法公民權(quán)利方面的權(quán)威沒有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會頒布。選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對其設施實行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護的影響。選項A符合原文。

13.單選題

The（）beautyofthemountainhasmadeitaworld-famousresort.Everyyearnumeroustouristsfromhomeandabroadcometovisitit.

問題1選項

A.perpetual

B.perplexed

C.preserved

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。perpetual"永久的,不斷的";perplexed"困感的,不知所措的";preserved"保存完好的";perished"消亡的,毀壞的"。句意：保存完好的山區(qū)風景使得它成為世界聞名的旅游勝地。每年都有許多來自國內(nèi)外的游客來參觀。選項C符合句意。

14.填空題

Englishasanofficiallanguagehasgainedmomentumasproponentskeepgoingtotheballotboxwithmeasuresthatdiscouragebilingualballots,noticesanddocuments.Thirtystalesnowhave（1）specifyingthatofficialgovernmentcommunicationsbeinEnglish,saysU.S.English,agroup（2）promotesthelaws.Thisyearsuchbillsareunder（3）in19legislatures."It'smultiplyingtremendously,"saysMauroMujica,aChileanimmigrantandchairmanandCEOofU.S.English."We'vemade（4）progress."

Criticsdonotseeprogress.Somesaytheincreaseinthemeasuresnationwidesendsahostile（5）tonewcomers."Itjustpoisonstheatmosphereinlocalcommunities,"saysJohnTrasvina,（6）andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund.Typicallytheproposedlaws（7）thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.Exemptionsarecommunicationstoprotect（8）healthandsafetyoreffortstopromotetourism.

AdvocatessaytheyarenotsuggestingthatEnglishbetheonlylanguage（9）butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment.Mujica,whospeaksSpanishinhishome,saysrequiringEnglishforofficialbusinessencourages,（10）tolearnEnglish.Thatwillhelpthemtoassimilate（11）U.S.societyandprosperinitseconomy,hesays."We'remakingittooeasyforpeopletofunctioninotherlanguages,"hecomplains.

Buttheeffectivenessofthemovementisinquestionsincefederalsometimestrumpsastate'sofficialEnglishlaw.For（12）,theVotingRightsActrequirescertainlocalitiestopublishbilingualballots.“They'veraisedthelevelofanger（13）languagesotherthanEnglish,(but)haven'treallychangedthegovernment'sorbusinesses'wayofdoing（14），”

Trasvinasaid.RobToonkel,spokesmanforU.S.English,saysthatisnottrue.Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything（15）ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.

【答案】1.laws

2.that

3.consideration

4.huge

5.message

6.president

7.require

8.public

9.spoken

10.immigrants

11.into

12.instance

13.against

14.business

15.but

【解析】1.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應填入名詞。結(jié)合本句翻譯：目前三十個州……規(guī)定英語為政府官方語言。因此推斷出所填入的名詞是laws，標示……法律規(guī)定……

2.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：“agroup

promotesthelaws”這部分為U.S.English的同位語，其中“

promotesthelaws”為定語從句修飾agroup，故此處需填入引導詞that。

3.固定搭配。underconsideration“在考慮之中的”。

4.聯(lián)系上文含義。上文中“It'smultiplyingtremendously”的中文含義為：其正以驚人的速度成倍增加。推斷出所填入的詞為huge。

5.固定搭配。sendamessageto…“向……傳遞信息”。

6.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知26andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund為JohnTrasvina的同位語。generalcounsel意為總顧問，由此可以推斷出此處也應填入表示職位的名詞。因此答案為president。

7.分析句子Typicallytheproposedlaws__thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.得出這里是虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的應用：“bepublishedinEnglish”在此處省略了should。由此可以推斷所填入的詞是一個表示“命令、要求、建議等語氣”的動詞，因此答案為require。

8.固定搭配。publichealthandsafety意為公共衛(wèi)生安全。

9.分析句子...thatEnglishbetheonlylanguage

butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment結(jié)構(gòu)可知：thatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment為賓語從句。因此應填入的詞與賓語從句中的used是對應關系，因此填入spoken。

10.聯(lián)系上下文可以推斷出此處指的是“鼓勵外來移民學習英語”，故所填入的詞是immigrants。

11.固定搭配。assimilateinto意為“使同化，（使）逐漸'混合于（某—更大的群體）”。

12.固定搭配。Forinstance“例如”。

13.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：“33languagesotherthanEnglish”做后置定語修飾anger。anger通常與介詞against搭配使用，故此處應填入against。

14.固定搭配。wayofdoingbusiness意為“經(jīng)營方式”。

15.句子Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything

ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.的中文翻譯為：他說，這些法律并沒有涵蓋所有內(nèi)容，

確保了像駕駛執(zhí)照、分區(qū)表和日?；顒佣际怯糜⒄Z書寫的?？芍渥尤鄙俦硎巨D(zhuǎn)折的詞，因此填入but。

15.單選題

Electriceelsusechargesto______preyandalsostunthembeforetheyeatthem.

問題1選項

A.examine

B.detect

C.determine

D.search

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項examine“檢查”；B選項detect“探測”；C選項determine“決定”；D選項search“搜索”。句意：電鰻利用電荷探測獵物，并在吃掉獵物之前把它們打暈。本句表示探測獵物。因此B選項正確。

16.單選題

Theappearanceofthisusedcarisquite（

）,anditismuchnewerthanitreallyis.

問題1選項

A.descriptive

B.impressive

C.deceptive

D.indicative

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Descriptive“描述性的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的”；deceptive“欺騙性的，迷惑的”；indicative“指示的”。根據(jù)句意“這輛舊車看起來比實際上要新”可知前文是說車的外表有迷惑性，所以選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

AriellaRosengardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniadidn’tsetouttoscareanyone.Shejustwantedtoinvestigatealittle-understoodpartoftheimmunesystembystudyinghowviralproteinsinteractwithit.Atfirst,Rosengardworkedwithacommonviruscalledvaccinia.Butvacciniararelymakespeoplesick,andshebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.

Smallpoxvirusisn’teasytocomeby.Officially,itresidesinonlytwoplaces—securelabsintheUnitedStatesandRussia.ButRosengarddidn’tneedthevirusitself.ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.Test-tubestudiesshowedthatitworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse.Thediscoverymayhelpexplainwhysmallpoxkills,anditcouldleadtonewtreatments.

ButwhenRosengardpublishedherreportlastmonthintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit.Thearticlesaiditwouldbeunlikelytousetheworkasablueprintformakingvacciniamorelikesmallpox.Itacknowledged,however,that“theideathatbioterroristsmightbetemptedtoattemptsuchanexperimenthasbeensuggestedasareasonforconsideringitunwisetopublishobservationsofthisnature.”

Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.“Thinkhowmanybrilliantmindswouldnotbeabletoparticipateinfindingacure,”shesays.“Youcan’tpredictthemindofamadman.Thebestdefenseagainstanyvirusisunderstandinghowitfunctions.”

Mostbiologistswouldagree.Butthesedays,theyfindthemselvesgrapplingwithadilemma,astheirtraditionofopennessclasheswiththefearthatwell-intentionedresearchcouldbemisusedtodevelopbioweapons.Asmuchasscientistsfearaidingtheirenemies,theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish.Onething’sforsure—theproblemwon’tjustgoaway.Thegovernmenthasproposedadramaticincreaseinfundingforbasicresearchonpotentialbiowarfareagents.Thismeansthatmanymorescientistswillstudydeadlygerms,andthey’llinevitablywanttopublishwhattheyfind.

1.WhydidAriellaRosengarddecidetostudysmallpox?

2.Howdidsheobtainthesmallpoxprotein?

3.Smallpoxis

deadlyprobablybecause（

）.

4.AccordingtothecommentarymentionedinParagraph3,Rosengard’sreport

（

）.

5.Rosengardthinksthatbasicscience

（

）.

6.Accordingtothefinalparagraph,biologistsareworriedabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.Becausesmallpoxisbecomingmoreimportantandcomplicated.

B.Becausesmallpoxismorefamiliartoscientiststoday.

C.Becausethesmallpoxviruscanbeobtainedmoreeasily.

D.Becausesmallpoxcanrevealmoreabouttheimmunesystem.

問題2選項

A.Shemadeitfrominformationavailableonline.

B.Shereliedonsecurelabsforasample.

C.Shedevelopeditbyusingvacciniavirus.

D.Shereceivedhelpfromgovernment.

問題3選項

A.itkillsvacciniainthehumanimmunesystem

B.itstopsthereactionofthehumanimmunesystem

C.itcausesthehumanimmunesystemtoattackproteins

D.itreproducesquicklyinthehumanimmunesystem

問題4選項

A.wouldbecriticized

B.wouldhelpcontrolsmallpox

C.wouldmisleadresearchers

D.wouldleadtomorepublicationsaboutsmallpox

問題5選項

A.shouldhavealong-termperspective

B.shouldreceivemorefinancialsupport

C.shouldfocusonacademicresearch

D.shoulddevelopinanopenmanner

問題6選項

A.alossofmotivationamongresearchers

B.fundingfromthegovernment

C.theirfreedomtopublish

D.theprospectsoftheirresearch

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“…shebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.（她開始擔心這并不能告訴她很多關于人類免疫系統(tǒng)的信息。因此，她轉(zhuǎn)向了一種與之密切相關、可怕得多的病毒:天花。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“smallpoxprotein”,可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.（科學家們在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上免費提供了它的遺傳密碼，為她提供了在實驗室合成一種關鍵天花蛋白所需的數(shù)據(jù)。）”即可得出本題答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“deadly”，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“itworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse（它比相應的牛痘蛋白在阻斷人體免疫反應中的一個關鍵步驟方面效果要好得多）”即可得出本題答案。

4.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit（與此同時出現(xiàn)了一篇略帶辯護意味的評論）”“unlikely（不太可能的）”“unwise（不明智的）”即可得出本題答案。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“Rosengard”,可將信息點定位至原文第四段第一句。根據(jù)“Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.（羅辛格反對像她這樣的基礎科學應該保密的觀點。）”,即可得出本題答案。

6.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish（當政府官員談論限制他們的出版自由時，他們會感到不安）”即可得出本題答案。

18.單選題

Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.

Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkhugevolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibe（吸收）over100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert，asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated.Itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whylightincolorisimportanttolargeanimalsindeserts?

3.Whatwillbefataltonon-adaptedanimals?

4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?

5.WhatisthefollowingstrategyNOTmentionedbytheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Animalsdevelopeddifferentstrategiestosurvive.

B.Largeanimalscantakestrategiestoreducetheeffectofextremeheat

C.Animalscantoleratethelossofbodywater.

D.Averydehydratedpersoncandrinkenoughwatertorehydrate

問題2選項

A.Ithelpedthemmaintainaconstantnormalbodytemperature.

B.Itreflectsratherthanabsorbsthesun-light

C.Ithelpsthemseetheirpeersatnight

D.Ithelpsthemkeepcoolduringthenight

問題3選項

A.Keepinganormalbodytemperature

B.Drinkingpollutedwater

C.Drinkinghugevolumesofwaterinashorttime

D.Feedingwhendehydrated

問題4選項

A.Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.

B.Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly

C.Theyeasilylosetheirappetites

D.Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood.

問題5選項

A.Thebodytemperaturecanbeextremelyhighandcold

B.Toleratethelossofbodywaterandreplenishitimmediately

C.Lostappetiteundertheconditionofmoderatethirsty

D.Tobelightincolor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。本文主要內(nèi)容是：為了降低酷熱的影響，生活在沙漠中的大型動物已經(jīng)進化來適應這種環(huán)境，如：顏色變淺，調(diào)節(jié)體溫，忍受身體水分喪失等。因此，A項“動物發(fā)展出不同的生存策略”符合文章大意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一種適應是讓自己顏色變淺，反射而不是吸收太陽光線）。由此可知，淺色對沙漠中的大型動物很重要，是因為淺色反射太陽光。故選B項。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出：Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication（另一方面，一個極度脫水的人，不能一次性地喝大量的水來補充所缺水分，因為人的胃不夠大，而且體液的迅速稀釋會導致水中毒而引起死亡）。因此，C項“短時間飲大量的水”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:它們不需要吃很多食物。B:它們可以快速地大量進食。A項與B項在文中并未被提及。C:它們很容易失去食欲。第二段指出：Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated（適應沙漠的哺乳動物還有在極度脫水時正常進食的能力）。因此C項不符合原文所述。D:它們可以長途跋涉尋找食物。第二段指出：Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures（在沙漠中，能夠忍受水分流失是一個明顯的優(yōu)勢，這樣動物不必待在水源附近，而是可以從廣闊的牧場獲得食物）。由此可知，能忍受水分流失的動物能長途跋涉來喂飽自己。因此D項正確。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。A:體溫可以非常高和低。第一段指出：desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight（沙漠哺乳動物允許它們的體溫上升到一般認為發(fā)燒的溫度），以及：indeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel（事實上，到黎明時分，氣溫會降得異常低，駱駝體內(nèi)的溫度會低到34攝氏度）。因此A項有被提及。B:忍受體內(nèi)水分的流失，并立即補充水分。第二段指出：Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals（大型沙漠動物的另一種策略是忍受體內(nèi)水分的流失，這種流失對那些還沒有適應環(huán)境的動物來說是致命的）,以及：Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink（一種同樣重要的適應能力是在一次飲水中補充損失的水分）。因此B項有被提及。C:中度口渴的情況下沒有食欲。D:顏色變淺。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一種進化是讓自己變成淺色，反射而不是吸收太陽光線）。因此D項也有被提及。四個選項中，只有C項不是沙漠動物為適應環(huán)境形成的進化，故選C。

19.單選題

Oldbeliefsdiehard;evenwhenjobsbecame（）,thelong-standingfearthatunemploymentcouldreturnatamoment’snoticepersisted.

問題1選項

A.precious

B.pervasive

C.plentiful

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Precious“寶貴的，珍貴的”；pervasive“無處不在的，普遍的”；plentiful“富足的，大量的”；persuasive“有說服力的”。句意：舊觀念難改。即使就業(yè)機會充足時，人們還是長期害怕失業(yè)會來臨。選項C符合題意。

20.單選題

AccordingtotheU.S.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA),carcrashesaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongchildren__51__5and14yearsofage.SaysNHTSA:“Over50%ofchildrenwhodieincrashesare__52__bysafetydevices.__53__,4outof5childrenareimproperlyrestrained.”

TheNHTSAoffersanumberofsafetytipsand__54__forthosewhoareaccompaniedbychildrenwhiledriving.Althoughlaws__55__fromcountrytocountry