考研考博-英語(yǔ)-建東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-建東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theactualprocessbywhichcoalisextractediswell（

）,ifyougetthechanceandarewillingtotakethetrouble.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.worthwatching

B.worthtobewatched

C.worthywatching

D.worthytobewatched

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。worth“值得的”；beworthdoing“值得做”；worthy“值得的，有價(jià)值的”。句意：如果有機(jī)會(huì)而且你也不怕費(fèi)事，采煤的實(shí)際過(guò)程還是很值得一看的。根據(jù)句意及搭配可知A項(xiàng)正確，答案A

2.單選題

Isthereanypossible______explanationforhisbadhealthsinceheseemstohavenoobviousdisease?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.psychiatric

B.psychological

C.surgical

D.physical

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.psychiatric精神病學(xué)的B.psychological心理的，心理學(xué)的

C.surgical外科的，手術(shù)上的D.physical物理的，身體的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由原因狀語(yǔ)從句sinceheseemstohavenoobviousdisease（因?yàn)樗坪鯖](méi)有什么明顯的疾病）可知，沒(méi)有身體方面的疾病，那么推測(cè)，空格處表示“心理方面的原因”。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】他的健康狀況不佳有沒(méi)有可能的心理原因，因?yàn)樗坪鯖](méi)有什么明顯的疾??？

3.單選題

Abuildinghastwomainstructuralfunctions.Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.Loadsareoftwokinds,deadandlive.Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.Theyvaryindifferentpartsofthebuildingaccordingtotheheightsandmaterialsused.

Engineerscaneasilycalculatetheseloads,becausetheyknowtheweightsandpositionsofallthepartsofthebuilding.Liveloadsaretheweightsofthepeopleandthingsinthebuilding.Engineershavedoneresearchintoliveloadingsandhaveproducedstatisticsforallkindsofloads.Theyknow,forexample,thatthenormalfloorloadingofanofficebuildingisabout40poundsforeverysquarefoot.

Inmanycountries,thegreatestloadingsallowedarestatedinregulations.Whenauthoritiesapprovethedesignofanewbuilding,theymakesurethatthebuildingwillsafelytaketheloadsstated.Thecalculationsincludeasafetyfactorofthreeorfour—thatis,thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.Theextrastrengthallowsforoccasionaloverloadingandforsmallheavyloads,suchasanofficesafe.Theextrastrengthalsoallowsfordeteriorationofthestructure.

Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.Earthquakescauseabnormalstressesinabuilding'sstructure,especiallyatthejointsbetweenbeamsandcolumns.

Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.Architectsmayusespace-framesandshellsforlargeone-flooredbuildings,suchasaircrafthangars,exhibitionhallsandswimming-pools.Thesestructurescanformwide-spanroofswithoutanycentralsupportpillars.Aspaceframeconsistsofarigidnetworkofmetalgirders.Ashellmaybeofconcreteorwood,formingahigharchedroof.Manyshellstructureshavebeautifulgeometricalshapes.

1.Anappropriatetitlefortheabovearticleshouldbe（

）.

2.Oneofthemainstructuralfunctionsofabuildingis

（

）.

3.Thesafetyfactorofabuildingmustbe

（

）.

4.arethemaintypesofstructuresusedtosupportbuildings

（

）.

5.Allthestressesarementionedinthepassageexcept（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheMethodsofConstruction

B.TheContractingSystem

C.ThePrinciplesofBuilding

D.ConstructingaLargeBuilding

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toprovideshelterforpeopleatnight

B.totransmitallloadssafelytotheground

C.tostanduptowindpressure

D.toserveasakinddecorationinthecity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasstrongasthewindpressuretoavoidcollapse

B.threeoffourtimesasstrongasitneededbetoavoidcollapse

C.explainedtotheresidentswholiveinthebuilding

D.reportedtothegovernmentuponcompletionofthebuilding

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Wide-spanroofsandshellstructures

B.Pillarsandcolumns

C.Concretewallsandframes

D.Load-bearingwalls,framesandshellstructures

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.windpressures

B.stressescausedbyearthquakes

C.rainpressure

D.stressesofthebuildingitself

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第一段指出建筑有兩個(gè)主要的結(jié)構(gòu)功能以及兩種負(fù)載能力。下文接著講到了建筑承重的問(wèn)題，由此可以推斷，本文主要講的是建筑原則，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itmustshelterpeoplefromtheelementsanditmusttransmitallloadssafelytotheground.它必須為人們提供躲避惡劣天氣的場(chǎng)所，并且必須將所有的貨物安全運(yùn)送到地面。”只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句“thestructureisthreeorfourtimesasitneededbetoavoidcollapse.（建筑）結(jié)構(gòu)是避免倒塌所需的三到四倍?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致，所以正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Themaintypesofstructureusedtosupportbuildingincludeload-bearingwalls,framesandtheshellstructures.支撐建筑物的主要結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型包括承重墻、框架和殼體結(jié)構(gòu)?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Thearchitectmustdesignthebuildingtostanduptowindpressures.AndinsomecountriessuchasJapan,thebuildingmustalsowithstandearthquakes.建筑師必須設(shè)計(jì)出經(jīng)得起風(fēng)壓的建筑物。在日本等一些國(guó)家，建筑物還必須經(jīng)受起地震。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A和B均有提及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Deadloadsarethoseofthebuildingitself.靜載荷是建筑物本身的負(fù)載?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)D在文中也有提及。只有選項(xiàng)C沒(méi)有提及，所以本題選C。

4.單選題

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?

4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“（

）".

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoriginsoftheatre.

B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance

C.Theimportanceofstorytelling

D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.

B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.

C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.

D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dance.

B.Costumes.

C.Music

D.Magic.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtful

B.substantial

C.relational

D.ceremonial

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘這篇文章主要討論什么?’。文章前兩段介紹了一種被廣泛接受的一個(gè)理論，即戲劇是從儀式演變而來(lái)的。在最后一段還介紹了兩種有關(guān)戲劇起源的不同理論，一個(gè)是認(rèn)為戲劇起源于人類(lèi)對(duì)講故事的興趣，另一個(gè)將戲劇的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文圍繞著“戲劇的起源”這一主題展開(kāi)，A選項(xiàng)‘戲劇的起源’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘作者在第一段中討論了戲劇的哪些方面?’。根據(jù)文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.隨著時(shí)間的推移，一些儀式被廢棄了，但這些后來(lái)被稱(chēng)為神話的故事流傳下來(lái)，為藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了素材?！贝_定作者在文章第一段討論了神話和戲劇情節(jié)之間的關(guān)系，所以C選項(xiàng)‘神話和戲劇性情節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘以下哪一項(xiàng)不被提及為戲劇和儀式的共同元素?’。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來(lái)的人也認(rèn)為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子，因?yàn)橐魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?！贝_定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服裝’和C‘音樂(lè)’都有提及，D選項(xiàng)的“巫術(shù)”沒(méi)有提及，符合題意。

4.詞匯題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘第2段下劃線的“considerable”一詞在意義上最接近…’?！癱onsiderable”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第三句話中，修飾名詞“importance重要性”，句意是‘由于在儀式的制定過(guò)程中避免錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生受到了……重視，宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)?！鶕?jù)“avoidingmistakes避免錯(cuò)誤”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教領(lǐng)袖來(lái)承擔(dān)該項(xiàng)任務(wù)”可以確定B選項(xiàng)‘大量的’。正確

5.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章，儀式和戲劇的主要區(qū)別是什么?’。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戲劇是由儀式演變而來(lái)的人也認(rèn)為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的種子，因?yàn)橐魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎總是被使用?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)‘儀式用音樂(lè)，而戲劇不用’不正確。B項(xiàng)“宗教儀式比戲劇短”與C項(xiàng)“宗教儀式相比戲劇有更少的表演者”在文中沒(méi)有提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最終，這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)形式從宗教活動(dòng)中分離了出來(lái)?！贝_定D項(xiàng)“宗教儀式有一個(gè)宗教目的，而戲劇沒(méi)有”正確。

5.單選題

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他講話非常有說(shuō)服力以至于連他的對(duì)手都被他的論點(diǎn)說(shuō)服了。

副詞辨析。Bluntly直率地;convincingly有說(shuō)服力地;emphatically強(qiáng)調(diào)地;determinedly堅(jiān)定地。根據(jù)后面句意“以至于連他的對(duì)手都被他的論點(diǎn)說(shuō)服了”判斷B符合句意。

6.單選題

Theconstructionofandtheoriesreflectsthescientists’interpretationof（

）whathasbeenobserved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prototypes

B.hypotheses

C.fantasies

D.imaginations

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析A選項(xiàng)prototype“原型，雛形”；B選項(xiàng)hypothesis“假說(shuō)，假設(shè)”；C選項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想，空想”；D選項(xiàng)imagination“想象力，想象”；根據(jù)由and連接與空格所填詞語(yǔ)并列的theories可以確定，題干強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“研究的假設(shè)和理論”，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abide

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介詞by；B選項(xiàng)conform“順從，遵守，符合”；C選項(xiàng)concede“承認(rèn)，允許”；D選項(xiàng)observe“觀察”，observe表示“遵守”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，不與to搭配。根據(jù)thelaws可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：所有人都必須遵守本國(guó)政府制定的法律。

8.案例題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(財(cái)政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可以看出，美國(guó)民眾和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)移民影響的看法不同。選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)給出了自己的看法，不存在困擾一說(shuō)；選項(xiàng)B美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)去因移民而得以繁榮，在第一段并沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)C經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)移民，在第一段中也沒(méi)有信息提及。

2.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以當(dāng)?shù)氐图寄芄と耸芤泼裼绊懽畲蟮脑蚴撬麄兒茈y找到一份收入體面的工作。

4.

根據(jù)第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他們最擔(dān)心的是移民帶來(lái)的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.

根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有諷刺意味的是，外界所有過(guò)度興奮的辯論，對(duì)移民的影響卻微乎其微。選項(xiàng)C人們對(duì)某些影響很小的事情其實(shí)有些小題大做了，符合原文。

9.單選題

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportsmeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deceived

B.ignited

C.implemented

D.designated

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deceive“欺騙,行騙”;ignite“點(diǎn)燃,使燃燒”;implement“實(shí)施,執(zhí)行”;designate“指定,指派”。句意:在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式上火炬由一名著名的運(yùn)動(dòng)員點(diǎn)燃。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.翻譯題

PassageOne

AcapsulehotelisatypeofhotelinJapanwithalargenumberofextremelysmall“rooms”.

Theguestspaceisreducedinsizetoamodularplasticorfiberglassblockroughly2mby1mby1.25m,providingroomtosleep.Facilitiesrangeinentertainmentofferings(mostincludeatelevision,anelectronicconsole,andwirelessinternetconnection).

Thesecapsulesarestackedsidebysideandtwounitstoptobottom,withstepsprovidingaccesstothesecondlevelrooms.Luggageisstoredinalocker,usuallysomewhereoutsideofthehotel.Washroomsarecommunalandmosthotelsincluderestaurants(oratleastvendingmachines),pools,andotherentertainmentfacilities.Thebenefitofthesehotelsisconvenienceandprice,usuallyaround$21-42anight.

Manycapsulesareusedprimarilybymen.Others(especiallyonweekdays)areoftentooinebriatedtosafelytraveltotheirhomes,ortooembarrassedtofacetheirspouseswhentheyareunemployedorunderemployed.

PassageTwo

Youthisnotatimeoflife.Itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.

Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.

Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowtheheartandturnthespiritbacktodust.

Whether60or16,thereisineveryhumanbeing’sheartthelureofwonder,theunfailingchildlikeappetiteofwhat’snextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheartthereisawirelessstation;solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,cheer,courageandpowerfrommenandfromtheinfinite,youandIwillremainyoung.

Whentheaerialsaredown,andyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsofcynicismandtheiceofpessimism,thenyouaregrownold,evenat20,butaslongasyouraerialsareuptocatchwavesofoptimism,thereishopeyoumayhaveayoungheartat80.

【答案】PassageOne

【參考譯文】

膠囊旅館是日本一種有許多極小“房間”的旅館。

客人用來(lái)睡覺(jué)的空間被縮小為大約2米×1米×1.25米的組合式的塑料或玻璃纖維間。設(shè)施包括娛樂(lè)設(shè)備（大多數(shù)包括電視、電子控制臺(tái)和無(wú)線網(wǎng)連接）。

這些膠囊房間并排堆放，分上下兩層，有臺(tái)階通往第二層。行李通常放在旅館房間外的儲(chǔ)物柜里。洗手間是公用的，大多數(shù)旅館都有餐廳(或至少有自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))、游泳池和其他娛樂(lè)設(shè)施。這些旅館的好處是方便和低價(jià)，通常每晚大概21到42美元。

許多膠囊房間主要為男性使用。還有一些人(尤其是在工作日)常常是因?yàn)楹鹊锰矶鵁o(wú)法安全回家，或者是因?yàn)闆](méi)有工作或者只有部分時(shí)間被雇傭而羞于回家面對(duì)配偶。

PassageTwo

【參考譯文】

青春不是人生的一個(gè)階段。青春是一種心態(tài)；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝；青春是一種意志，是豐富的想象，是熾熱的情感；青春是生命深泉的涌流。

青春意味著在性格上勇敢戰(zhàn)勝懦弱；意味著對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)的渴望超過(guò)對(duì)安逸的生活熱愛(ài)。相較于20歲的青年，它更常見(jiàn)于80歲的老者。沒(méi)有人僅僅因?yàn)闅q月的流逝就變老，只是因放棄理想而老去。

歲月也許會(huì)使肌膚老去，但喪失激情，定會(huì)使靈魂枯萎。憂慮、惶恐、沒(méi)有自信，會(huì)使心靈扭曲，意氣如灰。

無(wú)論是60歲還是16歲，每個(gè)人的心中都有好奇，都有孩童般對(duì)未來(lái)的渴望，都有源自生活這場(chǎng)游戲的歡樂(lè)。在你我的心底，都有一根天線；只要你從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂(lè)、勇氣和力量的信號(hào)，你我就青春永駐。

一旦天線倒塌，志氣被玩世不恭的霜雪和悲觀厭世的冰層覆蓋，就算才20歲，你也老了；但只要你的天線保持捕捉樂(lè)觀的信號(hào)，即使到了80歲，你也有希望擁有一顆年輕的心。

11.單選題

Inspiteofmyrepeatedapologies,sheneverforgavemeformy（

）herprivateaffairs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potentialfor

B.expertiseof

C.intrusioninto

D.injectioninto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)potentialfor“有……潛能/可能”；B選項(xiàng)expertiseof“……專(zhuān)業(yè)技能/知識(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)intrusioninto“侵入，侵犯，侵?jǐn)_”；D選項(xiàng)injectioninto“注射，注入”。由privateaffairs（隱私）可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：盡管我一再道歉，但她不會(huì)原諒我侵犯了她的隱私。

12.單選題

Thegovernorwas___bythepublicformisusinghispowerforpersonalinterests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sneaked

B.praised

C.flailed

D.rebuked

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sneaked“溜；鬼鬼祟祟做事；向老師打小報(bào)告；偷偷地做；偷偷取得”；B選項(xiàng)praised“贊揚(yáng)；（尤指唱歌）歌頌（上帝）”；C選項(xiàng)flailed“亂動(dòng)；（用棍棒）猛擊；（使）大幅波動(dòng)；踉蹌；用連枷打（谷）”；D選項(xiàng)rebuked“斥責(zé)，指責(zé)；控制”。句意：這位州長(zhǎng)因?yàn)E用權(quán)力謀取個(gè)人利益而受到公眾的___。本句表達(dá)“被公眾斥責(zé)”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theoldking（

）.Theyaremakinganewking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasbelievedtobekilled

B.isbelievedbeingkilled

C.isbelievedhavingbeenkilled

D.isbelievedtohavebeenkilled

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由第二句“他們正在選舉一位新國(guó)王”可知，之前的國(guó)王被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)殺害了，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)，再結(jié)合bebelievedto“被認(rèn)為……”可知D項(xiàng)正確。句意：他們認(rèn)為之前的國(guó)王已經(jīng)被殺害了，他們正在選舉一位新國(guó)王。

14.單選題

Amongallsocietieslegalmarriageisusuallyaccompaniedbysomekindofceremonythatexpressgroup（）oftheunion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.opinion

B.consistency

C.insistence

D.approval

【答案】D

【解析】opinion觀點(diǎn),主張；consistency一致性,相容性；insistence堅(jiān)持,強(qiáng)調(diào)；approval批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可,贊同。句意：在所有社會(huì)中,合法的婚姻通常伴隨著某種儀式,表達(dá)群體對(duì)婚姻的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Ispentmostofmymoneyinthefirstweekand（）hadverylittletoeatduringthelastfewdaysoftheholiday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afterall

B.consequently

C.otherwise

D.anyhow

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。afterall“畢竟”；consequently“因此，結(jié)果”；otherwise“否則，不然”；anyhow“無(wú)論如何，總之”。句意：我第一周就花掉了大部分的錢(qián)，因此在假期的最后幾天只能吃一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)東西。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Theexamination（

）veryeasyifallstudentspassed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavebeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.oughttobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)“肯定”；B選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去完成時(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去”；D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該”。句意：試卷（）很容易如果所有學(xué)生都通過(guò)了。musthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定的推測(cè)，答案選A。后面的從句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以不能選D，D是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

17.單選題

Theindustryhaspumped（）amountsofmoneyintopoliticalcampaigns，makingitlessandlesslikelythatpoliticianswilldealwiththeissuesensibly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.substantial

C.massive

D.traditional

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。potential潛在的，有潛力的；substantial大量的；客觀的；massive大而重的，大塊的；traditional傳統(tǒng)的。此處substantial形容amountsofmoney（很大一筆錢(qián)）。

18.單選題

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

（）.

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.