考研考博-英語-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

問題1選項

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢復(fù);shield與from庇護(hù),使免遭……;shade不與from搭配,rescuefrom從...中營救。句意：應(yīng)該用塑料布把樹裹起來,以防止風(fēng)和霜凍。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

The（）forspeedingisafineofonehundredandfiftydollars.

問題1選項

A.penalty

B.benefit

C.criticism

D.remedy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項penalty“罰款，罰金”；B選項benefit“利益，好處”；C選項criticism“批評，考證”；D選項remedy“補救，療法補救”。句意：超速的懲罰是罰款150美元。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

3.翻譯題

PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible，asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains”.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.

Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytheroles.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryroles,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.

【答案】努力是關(guān)鍵。只有當(dāng)我們坦然面對人生中的困苦，才有幸?？裳?。正如葉芝所言，除去某些不可能的情形，我們于人生中所獲取的滿足取決于我們在多高的境界中選擇我們所愿意面對的艱難困苦。羅伯特?弗羅斯特談到“以苦為樂”時，應(yīng)該也是這種想法。廣告中宣傳的幸福觀的致命缺點便是它試圖宣傳幸福唾手可得。

我們即使玩游戲也會有困難。我們之所以需要它，是因為沒有困難便沒有游戲可言。游戲便是讓其中的樂趣沒有那么容易得到。游戲的規(guī)則便是將苦難武斷地強加于人。當(dāng)有人破壞了這些樂趣，也意味著他總是會拒絕遵守游戲規(guī)則。下棋時，如果你隨心所欲地去更改規(guī)則，這樣很容易贏。但是游戲的樂趣就在于能夠在遵守規(guī)則的前提下贏。如果沒有困難，也就沒有樂趣可言。

4.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問題1選項

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。obscure“費解的，不清楚的”；indefinite“不明確的”；dubious“可疑的，不可靠的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”。句意：很少有人聽懂教授的講課，因為主題讓人費解。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thenewfindings,reportedbyU.S.andUKscientistsintheJournalofEpidemiologyandCommunityHealth,suggestthatformaldehydeinfoodpackagingmay（）yourfood,butthatdoesn’tmakeitdangerous.

問題1選項

A.contaminate

B.contemplate

C.denounce

D.disrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項contaminate表示“污染，弄臟”；B選項contemplate表示“沉思，注視”；C選項denounce表示“譴責(zé)，告發(fā)，公然抨擊”；D選項disrupt表示“破壞，分裂，瓦解”。由句意可知，這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明食品包裝中的甲醛可能會污染食物，因此contaminate的詞義最符合句意。故本題正確答案為A選項。

6.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（）populatedareas.

問題1選項

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。表示人口密集應(yīng)該用densely，所以選項A正確。

7.單選題

Hewasproudofbeingchosentoparticipateinthegameandhe（

）usthathewouldtryashardaspossible.

問題1選項

A.insured

B.guaranteed

C.assumed

D.assured

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。insure確保，投保；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保，一般指對事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為作出“擔(dān)?！?；assume假定，設(shè)想；assure保證，擔(dān)保，使確信，一般指：使人對某事感到肯定或放心。

句意：被選中參加比賽讓他感到很自豪，并向我們保證他會盡他最大的努力。選項D更符合語境。

8.單選題

Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,becauseitwillhappen____,anditwillnotbealongprocess.

問題1選項

A.consequently

B.approximately

C.principally

D.spontaneously

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.consequently因此B.approximately大約

C.principally原則上D.spontaneously自發(fā)地

【答案】D

【考查點】句間邏輯

【解題思路】由because可知，前后兩句之間是因果關(guān)系。因此空格處所在分句“它會____發(fā)生”是前文“不可能說它將如何發(fā)生”的原因。因此，D選項spontaneously“自發(fā)地”符合原句語義邏輯，因為是自發(fā)發(fā)生的，所以不清楚它將如何發(fā)生。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原句語義邏輯。

【句意】不可能說它將如何發(fā)生，因為它將自發(fā)地發(fā)生，并且不會是一個漫長的過程。

9.單選題

Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwill（）thebasicconceptofgeometrybeinglearned.

問題1選項

A.make

B.believe

C.understand

D.observe

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Make“制作，使”；believe“相信”；understand“理解，明白”；observe“觀察”。句意：觀察一個6到9個月大的嬰兒，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何學(xué)習(xí)幾何學(xué)的基本概念的。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldnot______theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項

A.reconcile

B.comply

C.coincide

D.resign

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.reconcile調(diào)和；使和解B.comply遵從；服從

C.coincide同時發(fā)生D.resign辭職；辭去（某職務(wù)）

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句“他們決定離婚”可推知，他們的分歧沒有和解，空格處表示“和解”符合句意，故該題選擇A項恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】由于這對夫婦的分歧無法得到和解，他們決定離婚。

11.翻譯題

(1)Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease.Andespeciallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有影響的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.(2)Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.

(3)Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.(4)Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well”,inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.(5)Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.

【答案】1.正如我們所見，如今社會醫(yī)療保健的重點已從治療疾病轉(zhuǎn)向預(yù)防疾病。

2.這個人沒有生病，甚至可能沒有患上任何特定疾病的風(fēng)險，但是我們可以想象他可以更健康。

3.傳統(tǒng)上，醫(yī)學(xué)并沒有區(qū)分那些僅僅是“沒有生病”的人和那些身體非常健康并且注意身體特殊需求的人。

4.健康的人注意營養(yǎng)和運動，他們非常重視關(guān)注自身的身體狀況。

5.通過關(guān)注健康的生活方式和概念可以對人們面對日常生活挑戰(zhàn)的方式產(chǎn)生積極影響。

12.單選題

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin______tohisincome.

問題1選項

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto表示“與……成比例，與……相稱”。句意：他在假日和奢侈品上的開銷占他收入相當(dāng)大的比例。

13.單選題

Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoroflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoandfromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesourstandardoflivingandtoaconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccordedbyourfellowcitizensaswell.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportant,theindignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacorner;thatbecausemoreworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.Irejectthatasacounselofdespair.Fortheforeseeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcanprovide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplayavitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.Yetonlyasmallminoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhichtheirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imagination,orinitiative.

Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaringformsofinequalityinoursociety.Wecannothopetosolvethemoreobviousproblemsofindustriallife,manyofwhicharisedirectlyorindirectlyfromtheinequalityatwork.Stilllesscanwehopetocreateadecentandhumanesociety.

Themostglaringinequalityisthatbetweenmanagersandtherest.Formostmanagers,workisanopportunityandachallenge.Theirjobsengagetheirinterestandallowthemtodeveloptheirabilities.Theyareabletoexerciseresponsibility;theyhaveaconsiderabledegreeofcontrolovertheirownandtheothers’workinglives.Mostimportantofall,theyhavetheopportunitytoinitiate.Bycontrast,formostmanualworkers,workisaboring,monotonous,evenpainfulexperience.Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.Themajorityhavelittlecontrolovertheirwork;itprovidesthemwithnoopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.Oftenproductionissodesignedthatworkersaresimplypartofthetechnology.Inoffices,manyjobsaresoroutinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemselvestobemerecogsinthebureaucraticmachine.Asadirectconsequenceoftheirworkexperience,manyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirworkandtheirfirm,whetheritisinpublicorinprivateownership.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,it’strueaboutworkthat（

）

.

2.Whatadvantagedomanagershaveovertheotherworkers?

3.Workingconditionsgenerallyremainbadbecause（

）.

4.Whatfrustratestheworkersinamodernsociety?

問題1選項

A.one’shappylifelargelydependsonwhetherhisworkisrewarding

B.concentratingonyourworkisacounselwhenyouareindespair

C.peopleshouldtrytoavoidtheintolerableunfairnessofwork

D.dignitybecomesmoreandmoreimportantthanwork

問題2選項

A.Theycancontrolotherpeople’slives.

B.Theycanmaketheirowndecisions.

C.Theycanworkatwhateverintereststhem.

D.Theycangettimeofftoattendcourses.

問題3選項

A.theworkerslosetheirintereststochangethem

B.fewpeoplecandecidewhattodoaboutthem

C.officeworkerswanttoprotecttheirpositions

D.managersdonotwanttochangethem

問題4選項

A.Theirworkinterfereswiththeirprivatelives.

B.Theyareincapableofdoingtheirworkproperly.

C.Theyfeeltheyarejustasmallandsubordinatepartofit.

D.Theirlivesarecomplicatedduetotechnologicaladvances.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Fortheforeseeablefuture...thesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.”在可預(yù)見的將來,工作所能提供的物質(zhì)和精神回報以及工作環(huán)境,將繼續(xù)在決定生活所能提供的滿意度方面發(fā)揮重要作用。也就是說,一個人的幸福生活在很大程度上取決于他的工作是否有回報。選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的三四句“Theirjobsengagetheirinterest...theothers’workinglives.”他們對自己的工作感興趣,能夠發(fā)揮自己的才能。他們能夠履行職責(zé);對自己和他人的工作有相當(dāng)大的控制權(quán)。由此可以推斷,經(jīng)理的優(yōu)勢就是可以自己做決定,選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.”他們所有的工作生活都是在一種他們認(rèn)為無法忍受的條件下度過的,而作出決定的人卻讓這種條件繼續(xù)下去。這里“作出決定的人”指的就是經(jīng)理,所以選項D正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段最后幾句,大多數(shù)人對自己的工作幾乎沒有控制權(quán);沒有個人發(fā)展的機會。通常生產(chǎn)是如此設(shè)計的,工人只是技術(shù)的一部分。在辦公室里,許多工作都是例行公事,以至于工人們理所當(dāng)然地覺得自己只是官僚機器的齒輪。選項C符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

14.單選題

Theschemeshouldbeinoperationbytheendoftheyear,andcompanieswillbedisciplined,evendisconnected,ifthey（

）phoninganyconsumerswhosenamesappearontheregister.

問題1選項

A.stayon

B.waitup

C.indulgein

D.persistin

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項stayon“繼續(xù)停留”；B選項waitup“不睡而等候”；C選項indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項persistin“堅持；固執(zhí)于”。句意：該計劃將在今年年底前開始實施，如果企業(yè)······給登記在案的消費者打電話，它們將受到處罰，甚至被切斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接。“企業(yè)給消費者打電話”這一行為要受到懲罰的話，應(yīng)是“執(zhí)著于打電話”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

15.單選題

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

問題1選項

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項increase“增加”；B選項prolongation“延伸”；C選項expansion“闡述”；D選項growth“成長”。句意：未來的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)能在多大程度上延長人類的壽命?選項B符合句意。

16.單選題

TheBostonMarathonisanannualmarathonsportingeventhostedbythecityofBoston,Massachusetts,onPatriots’Day,thethirdMondayofApril.Begunin1897andinspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics,theBostonMarathonistheworld’soldestannualmarathonandranksasoneoftheworld’smostwell-knownroadracingevents.ThemarathonisoneoffivemembersoftheWorldMarathonMajors.

Theeventattractsanaverageofabout20,000registeredparticipantseachyear.Inthe100thrunningoftheBostonMarathonin1996,thenumberofparticipantsreached38,000.Whiletherearecashprizesawardedtothewinnersofthemarathon,mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall.

TheBostonMarathonwasoriginallyalocalevent,butitsfameandstatushaveattractedrunnersfromallovertheworld.Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.However,corporate-sponsoredcashprizesbegantobeawardedinthe1980s,whenprofessionalathletesbegantorefusetoruntheracewithoutcashawards.Thefirstcashprizeforwinningthemarathonwasawardedin1986.

WomenwerenotallowedtoentertheBostonMarathonofficiallyuntil1972.Roberta(Bobbi)GibbisrecognizedasthefirstwomantoruntheentireBostonMarathon(in1966).In1967,KathrineSwitzer,whohadregisteredas“K.V.Switzer”,wasthefirstwomantorunwitharacenumber.Shefinished,despiteacelebratedincidentinwhichraceofficialJockSempletriedtoripoffhernumbersandejectherfromtherace.In1996theB.A.Aretroactivelyrecognizedaschampionstheunofficialwomen’sleadersof1966through1971.

Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.However,foreigndominanceoftheraceisnothingnew.Between1946and1967onlyoneAmerican(JohnJ.Kelleyin1957)wonthemarathoninanerawhenFinlandandJapanwerethedistancepowerhouses.

TheBostonMarathonisopentoallrunners,maleandfemale,fromanynation,buttheymustmeetcertainqualifyingstandards.Toqualify,arunnermustfirstcompleteastandardmarathoncoursecertifiedbyanationalgoverningbodyaffiliatedwiththeInternationalAssociationofAthleticsFederationswithinacertainperiodoftimebeforethedateofthedesiredBostonMarathon(usuallywithinapproximately18monthsprior).Prospectiverunnersintheagerangeof18-34mustrunatimeofnomorethan3:10:59(3hoursand10minutes)ifmale,or3:40:59(3hoursand40minutes)iffemale;thequalifyingtimeisadjustedupwardasageincreases.Forexample,a40-44yearoldmalecanstillqualifywithatimeof3:20:59.Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.

BesidestheOlympictrialsandtheOlympicmarathons,BostonistheonlymajorAmericanmarathonthatrequiresaqualifyingtime.ThusformanymarathonerstoqualifyforBoston(to“BQ”)isagoalandachievementinitself,makingita“people’sOlympicevent”.

1.Thefirstmarathoncompetitionbegan（）.

2.Mostofmarathonerstakepartintheraceto（）.

3.Theoriginalprizeawardedforwinningthemarathonin1800swas（）.

4.WhydopeoplecriticizethatAmericacan’ttrainbetterprofessionalrunnersthansomeothercountries?

5.WhocanparticipateintheBostonMarathonwithoutaqualifyingtime?

問題1選項

A.inBoston,Massachusetts

B.onPatriots’Day,1897

C.in1896SummerOlympics

D.ahundredyearsago

問題2選項

A.achievesuccess

B.wincashprizes

C.attractaudience

D.winanolive-branch-wovenwreath

問題3選項

A.moneysponsoredbycompanies

B.aprofessionalstatus

C.afloralcirclemadefromolivetrees

D.bravefame

問題4選項

A.Becausemostwinnersoftheracecomefromforeigncountries.

B.BecauseFinlandandJapanwerethestrongteamswithqualityathletes.

C.BecauseAmericanprofessionalrunningisfarbehind.

D.BecauseonlyoneAmericanwontheracebetween1946and1967.

問題5選項

A.Malerunners.

B.Femalerunners.

C.Charityraisers.

D.Amateurrunners.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“firstmarathoncompetition”可以定位到第一段第二句inspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics（受到1896年夏季奧運會第一個現(xiàn)代馬拉松比賽成功的啟發(fā)），說明第一次馬拉松比賽在1896年的夏季奧運會上。因此C選項“在1896年夏季奧運會上”正確。A選項“在馬薩諸塞州的波士頓”，B選項“1897年愛國者日”，D選項“一百年前”說的是波士頓馬拉松比賽的情況，所以A，B，D錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Mostofmarathoners”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall（大多數(shù)選手都是為了參加比賽的成就感而參加的），說明大多數(shù)選手參賽的理由是為了獲得成就感。因此A選項“獲得成功”正確。B選項“贏得現(xiàn)金獎勵”，C選項“吸引觀眾”，D選項“贏得一個橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“originalprize”可以定位到文章第三段第二句Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.（在歷史上的大部分時間里，波士頓馬拉松都是免費的活動，而贏得比賽的唯一獎品是一個用橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)。），說明最初比賽的獎品是橄欖枝花環(huán)。因此C選項“用橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)”正確。A選項“公司贊助的錢”，B選項“職業(yè)地位”，D選項“勇敢的名聲”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.（近年來，批評人士指出在這項賽事中外國出生的運動員，尤其是來自肯尼亞的運動員占主導(dǎo)地位，以支持他們的觀點，即美國職業(yè)長跑在培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量運動員方面落后于世界其他地區(qū)。），說明批評美國沒有好的職業(yè)長跑運動員的原因是外國的運動員經(jīng)常在這項比賽上獲勝。因此A選項“因為這項比賽的大多數(shù)冠軍都來自外國”正確。B選項“因為芬蘭和日本是擁有優(yōu)質(zhì)運動員的強隊”，D選項“因為在1946年至1967年期間，只有一個美國人贏得了比賽”都是美國長跑運動員落后于其他地區(qū)的表現(xiàn)之一，不能完整概括批評美國的原因，所以B，D錯誤。C選項“因為美國的職業(yè)長跑遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他國家”，原文說的是在培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量運動員方面落后于其他國家，而不是整體遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他國家，所以C錯誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“qualifyingtime”可以定位到第六段，第六段最后一句說到Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.（1,250名為官方指定的本地慈善機構(gòu)籌得預(yù)先設(shè)定贊助金額的運動員可免除資格要求。），說明為慈善機構(gòu)籌款的運動員可以免除參賽資格要求。因此C選項“慈善募捐者”正確。A選項“男運動員”，B選項“女運動員”，D選項“業(yè)余運動員”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

17.單選題

Forsomepeoplebroughtupinthisperiod,thehabitsof（）dutylastedforthewholeoftheirlifetime.

問題1選項

A.capricious

B.callous

C.filial

D.elusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。capricious“任性的”；callous“無情的，麻木的”；filial“孝順的”；elusive“難懂的；難捉摸的”。句意：對于這個時期長大的一些人來說，孝順長輩的習(xí)慣伴隨他們一生。選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

Schoolchildrenoughttobe（）totheirparentsandteachers.

問題1選項

A.alien

B.transient

C.obedient

D.current

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項alien“外國的；相異的”；B選項transient“短暫的；路過的”；C選項obedient“服從的；孝順的”；D選項current“現(xiàn)在的；最近的”。句意：學(xué)齡兒童應(yīng)該……父母和老師。句中主語是Schoolchildren，由關(guān)鍵信息totheirparentsandteachers“對其父母和老師”要服從。因此C選項符合題意。

19.單選題

Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformasaplacidsea.

問題1選項

A.calm

B.seedy

C.hilly

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。placid表示“平靜的，溫和的”。A項calm“平靜的，沉著的”，B項seedy“多種子的”，C項hilly“丘陵的，多小山的”，D項fake“偽造的”。句意：從飛機上看，西部大草原的草原幾乎像平靜的大海一樣一成不變。根據(jù)題意該題選A。

20.單選題

China’s（

）culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.

問題1選項

A.indivisible

B.intelligible

C.intangible

D.inalienable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項indivisible“分不開的，不可分割的”；B選項intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C選項intangible“難以形容（或理解）的，無形的（指沒有實體存在的資本性資產(chǎn)）”；D選項inalienable“不可剝奪（或分割）的”。由culturalheritage（文化遺產(chǎn)）及語境可知選C。句意：中國的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)該通過加大努力保護(hù)瀕危藝術(shù)而得到更好的保護(hù)。

21.單選題

Theydidconsiderableworkto（）themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.

問題1選項

A.instruct

B.acquaint

C.impart

D.dictate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。acquaintsb.withsth.使某人認(rèn)識某事。句意：他們做了大量工作，使美國人民了解拉丁美洲的基本問題。選項B符合句意。

22.單選題

Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.

Amiabilityisnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss’sjobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustry,sohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop—andonthewayup—executivesareexceedinglydedicated.

TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.

Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto“keeptheoldheartinshape”andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor’sadmonitionto“takeiteasy”fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.

Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesaresoindemandthatcompaniesregularlyraideachother’smanagerialranks.

1.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

2.Theterm“aerobicexercise”(firstlineinsecondlastparagraph)isakindof（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat（）.

4.Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

問題1選項

A.promotiondependsonamiability

B.chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevel

C.itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewell-beingofhissubordinates

D.achiefexecutiveisexpectedtoknowmoreabouthiscompanyandtheindustry

問題2選項

A.hallucinationexercise

B.physicalexercise

C.meditationexercise

D.entertainment

問題3選項

A.therearetoomanyaggressiveexecutives

B.individualtalentisnotessentialforacompany

C.thejobofan“executivesearchfirm”iscorporatehead-hunting

D.itisnotcommonforcompaniestoundermineeachother’smanagerialranks

問題4選項

A.theycanconducttheirbusiness

B.theycanindulgethemselves

C.theycancultivatetheirmind

D.theycanexerciseaswellassocialize

問題5選項

A.Executivestendtoignoredoctors’adviceandwarnings.

B.Executivesaresensitivetopressurefromtheyoungergeneration.

C.Allchiefexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.

D.Executivesarecarefulofwhattheyeat.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，選項A,B,C均表述錯誤；只有選項D符合原文。

2.語義辨析題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這種運動能夠“保持心臟健康”，由此可推測這是一種身體的鍛煉，選項中只有選項B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.”可知選項C與原文相符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”高爾夫不僅提供了一個運動的場所，還結(jié)合了一些有用的社交活動。選項D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.”高管們每年通過薪酬、股票期權(quán)和獎金能獲得數(shù)百萬美元，這并不罕見。原文并沒說所有的主管都年入百萬，選項C表述太絕對，所以不正確。

23.單選題

Paulwasso______abouthisbaldnessthatheworeahat,whetheritwaswinterorsummer.

問題1選項

A.self-composed

B.self-conscious

C.self-confessed

D.self-confident

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.self-composed鎮(zhèn)定的，沉著的B.self-conscious難為情的，自己意識到的

C.self-confessed自動坦白的，公開承認(rèn)的D.self-confident自信的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由baldness（禿頂）可知，Paul對此是難為情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項都不符合句意。

【句意】保羅對自己的禿頂感到很難為情，無論是冬天還是夏天，他都戴帽子。

24.單選題

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthe