考研考博-英語-廣東環(huán)境保護工程職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東環(huán)境保護工程職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceivedmoretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualificationsofcharacter;adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflexions,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.No-onedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingthattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

21.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?

22.Accordingtothepassage,employers______.

23.Accordingtothepassage______.

24.Inthewriter’sopinion______.

25.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.

問題2選項

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

問題3選項

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters

問題4選項

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

問題5選項

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】21.【選項釋義】

21.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?21.閱讀文章可知，作者的觀點是什么？

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.A.他認為，工商管理學碩士太多了。

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.B.他認為這個學位被高估了。

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.C.他認為標準是不一致的。

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.D.他認為這個學位的價值值得懷疑。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據第三段首句“關于學位的名稱，英國商學院竟然沒有排行榜，這很奇怪；關于學位應該包括哪些內容，沒有達成一致意見；也沒有公認的認證體系。”，由此可知，作者認為MBA的標準是不一致的，所以C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“他認為，工商管理學碩士太多了”、B選項“他認為這個學位被高估了”和D選項“他認為這個學位的價值值得懷疑”不屬于作者的觀點，而是其他人的觀點，張冠李戴。

22.【選項釋義】

22.Accordingtothepassage,employers______.22.根據文章，雇主______。

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneedsA.覺得他們的需求沒有得到充分的咨詢

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualificationB.認為成本意識是最重要的資格

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselvesC.比畢業(yè)生本身更關心學位的價值

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructuresD.認為由于管理結構的萎縮，工商管理學碩士將不再必要

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】原文第一段最后一句提及“MBA畢業(yè)生受到了經濟衰退的影響，并面臨著管理結構萎縮的前景”，再根據第二段的內容“幾年前被認為是通往成功的入場券，現(xiàn)在（MBA畢業(yè)生）卻只能面臨著注重節(jié)省成本的雇主的詳細審查，這些雇主們尋求的是‘能夠做的人’而不是‘可能做的人’，并且他們認為學術界不能充分地滿足行業(yè)的需求或雇主合理的貢獻?！庇纱丝芍?，由于管理結構的縮減，雇主們可能將不再需要MBA畢業(yè)生，所以D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“覺得他們的需求沒有得到充分的咨詢”中的consulted與原文appreciative不符合，曲解原文；

B選項“認為成本意識是最重要的資格”在文中并沒有提到，無中生有；

C選項“比畢業(yè)生本身更關心學位的價值”與原文相反，雇主認為學術界并不能充分滿足他們的需求，該項反向干擾。

23.【選項釋義】

23.Accordingtothepassage______.23.根據文章，______。

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicateA.管理者需要學位和溝通能力

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessfulB.培訓需要在小組中進行才能取得成功

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskillsC.今天的管理者必須有良好的溝通和領導能力

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowritelettersD.工業(yè)管理者不需要識字

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據第四段最后一句“他們（管理者）需要內在的品質；自我征服的程度；最重要的是（aboveall）溝通和領導能力……”可知，管理者最重要的品質就是溝通和領導能力。因此，C選項符合原文，所以正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“管理者需要學位和溝通能力”中的degree與原文不符，曲解原文；

B選項“培訓需要在小組中進行才能取得成功”并沒有提到，無中生有；

D選項“工業(yè)管理者不需要識字”文中雖然提到一些被譽為工業(yè)領袖的人不太識字，但這并不意味著工業(yè)管理人員不需要認字，曲解原文。

24.【選項釋義】

24.Inthewriter’sopinion______.24.根據作者的觀點，______。

A.scienceincreasescompetitionA.科學提高競爭

B.scientistsareundervaluedB.科學家們被低估

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessmentC.科學的管理需要重新評估

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatusD.管理層對自己的地位沾沾自喜

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據最后一段第三句“毫無疑問，我們需要更多的科學家和創(chuàng)新，讓我們在競爭日益激烈的世界中占據優(yōu)勢?！庇纱丝芍?，科學能夠促進競爭，所以選項A正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“科學家們被低估”在最后一段第四句有提及：如果（If）科學家們覺得自己在工業(yè)貧民區(qū)工作是被低估和未充分發(fā)揮作用的，這對未來來說不是一個有希望的預兆；if是條件句，可知是假設，所以B選項曲解原文；

C選項“科學的管理需要重新評估”沒有提到，無中生有；

D選項“管理層對自己的地位沾沾自喜”定位最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“最重要的是，我們必須確保管理層本身不會對自己的地位沾沾自喜……”可知，該項與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

25.【選項釋義】

25.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?25.根據文章，哪些信息是正確的？

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.A.大多數(shù)接受采訪的經理認為，他們的同事需要更多的培訓。

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.B.現(xiàn)在的雇主更看重的是經驗而不是潛在的能力。

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.C.管理憲章計劃是對工商管理碩士課程標準化的一次嘗試。

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.D.企業(yè)本可以從招聘工商管理碩士而不是投資于自己的員工中獲益更多。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文第二段第一句中提及“這些注重節(jié)省成本的雇主們尋求的是‘能夠做的人’而不是‘可能做的人’”；也就是說，現(xiàn)在的雇主看重的是實際的經驗，而不是潛在的能力。所以選項B符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“大多數(shù)接受采訪的經理認為，他們的同事需要更多的培訓”定位第四段第二句“管理學院1992年的調查顯示，81%的經理認為，如果他們接受更多的培訓，他們個人的工作效率就會更高”，其中“他們”指的是managers，并不是同事，該項曲解原文；

C選項“管理憲章計劃是對工商管理碩士課程標準化的一次嘗試”定位第五段最后一句“如果正在探索引進高級管理人員資格的管理憲章計劃獲得成功，將會有一個強有力的糾正措施”，從中可知，管理憲章計劃是糾正措施，并不是課程標準化的嘗試，曲解原文；

D選項“企業(yè)本可以從招聘工商管理碩士而不是投資于自己的員工中獲益更多”定位第四段第一句“或許，進行大規(guī)模投資的公司更明智的做法是投資于已經存在的、焦慮地坐在自己內部位置上的經理人”可知，企業(yè)更愿意投資于自己的員工，該項反向干擾。

2.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread（

）lettersfromtheirfamilies.

問題1選項

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】sentimental傷感的，多愁善感的；affectionate深情的，充滿愛的；intimate親密的，精通的；sensitive敏感的，易受傷害的。句意：所有的海上石油探測者讀到家人寫的充滿愛的信時，都會情緒高漲。選項B符合語境。

3.翻譯題

隨著對知識內涵認識的加深，人類也從不同角度對知識進行分類。從某種意義上說，對知識進行分類恰恰是建立在對內涵的理解之上的，分類原則本身也在一定程度上體現(xiàn)出人類在不同社會經濟形態(tài)下對知識作用的不同認識。我國曾一度按照知識的來源將其劃分為三類：來源于生產實踐的知識、來源于社會實踐的知識以及來源于科學實驗的知識。德國哲學家馬克斯?舍勒(MaxScheller)將知識劃分為應用知識、學術知識和精神知識三大類。隨著知識經濟理論的逐漸發(fā)展，經濟合作發(fā)展組織對知識的分類成為目前最具有權威性和流行性的一種。根據該組織《以知識為基礎的經濟》一書的劃分，可以將“知識’’歸納為四種類型：事實知識、原理知識、技能知識和人力知識。以上分類是從知識使用的角度進行的，因而注重知識的實踐性和價值性。為了更深地理解知識的含義，并對其進行有效的管理，我們還可進一步將知識劃分為兩大類別：顯性知識和隱性知識。

【答案】Withthedeepeningunderstandingtheessenceofknowledge,knowledgeisclassifiedfromdifferentangles.Inonesense,thisclassificationisbasedontheunderstandingoftheessenceofknowledge,andtheclassifyingprincipleitself,tocertainextent,reflectsthedifferentunderstandingofthefunctionsofknowledgeunderdifferentsocial-economicalcircumstances.InChina,thesourcesofknowledgehavebeendivided,foratime,intothreekinds:knowledgecomesfromproductionpractice,fromsocialpracticeandfromscientificexperimentation.WhileMaxScheier,theGermanphilosopher,holdsthatapplicationknowledge,academicknowledgeandspiritualknowledgearethethreecategoriesformthewholeofknowledge.Asthesteadydevelopmentofknowledgeeconomytheory,thecategorizationofknowledgeaccordingtotheOrganizationofEconomicCooperation&Developmentisbyfarmostpopularandholdsgreatestauthority.AsperthebookEconomyBasedonKnowledgepublishedbytheorganization,“knowledge”canbecategorizedasthefollowingfourtypes:facts,principles,skillsandhumanknowledge.Thisclassificationisworkedbyconsideringtheapplicationofknowledge,thusmoreattentionispaidtoitspracticabilityandvalue.However,tounderstanddeeperthedefinitionofknowledge,andcarryouteffectivemanagement,wemayfurtherdivideitintotwocategories:visibleknowledgeandinvisibleone.

4.單選題

His（

）andunwillingnesstolearnfromotherspreventhimfrombeinganeffectivememberoftheteam.

問題1選項

A.arrogance

B.dignity

C.humility

D.solitude

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。arrogance“自負；傲慢態(tài)度”；dignity“尊嚴；高貴”；humility“謙卑；謙遜”；solitude“孤獨；隱居；荒僻的地方”。句意：他很傲慢，并且不愿意向他人學習，這使得他無法成為團隊中的一員。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

AntonioRatti,at78stillakingoftheItaliansilkindustry,oncewarnedhisemployees:“Don’tlet'sbecomefatandlazyliketheLyonnais”.Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536,risked“l(fā)osingeverything’’,theItalianwarned.

Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years.Examplesoftherichropeandfabricsformerlysuppliedtoroyalcounts,popesandcardinalsareonshowinthecity'smuseum,butfewsilkcompaniessurviveonthehillsideabovetheRiverSeine.

WhileLyonandsurroundingRhoneAlpsregionremainthecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustry,mostofthe650companiesand55,000workersinthesectordealinsyntheticfibers.Localproductionofrawsilkhasfadedalmosttonothing,leavingthefieldtoChina.Butbyallyingprovendesignstrengthswithmoreaggressivemarketing,specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods.

“AlltoooftentheLyonnaisadoptedtheattitudethatitwasforbuyerstocomeanddiscoverwhattheyhadtooffer/saysRonaldCurrieoftheLyon-basedInternationalSilkAssociation.

HisopinionthattheLyonnaisaremoreoutward-lookingisconfirmedbyGillesMalfroy,whoseMalfroyMillionsells3millionsilkscarvesayear,notablyinJapan.Itisalso

developingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures.“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”.Slowly,theFrencharemakinginroadsonthemarketshareamassedsince1945bytheItaliansilkindustry.Butwiththeirturnoveroflessthan$10millionayear,Lyon'sweaversandprintersarestilldwarfedbyRatti's$200millionturnover.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Lyonnais（

）.

2.What’sthemeaningof“slip”inparagraphtwo?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.SilkscarvesofMalfroyMillionsellwellbecauseof

（

）.

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.wereemployeesoftheFrenchtextileindustry

B.wereemployeesoftheItaliansilkindustry

C.wastheItaliansilkindustry

D.wastheFrenchsilkindustry

問題2選項

A.Anunintentionalandtrivialmistake

B.Movingquietlyandcautiously.

C.Afallfromsomelevelorstandard

D.Narrowstripofpaper.

問題3選項

A.TheFrenchsilkproductsaredisappearingfromtheworldmarket.

B.ThecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustryischanging.

C.LuxurysilkproductshelpFrancetorecapturesilkmarket.

D.TheLyonnaishavenotrealizedthedangerbeforethem.

問題4選項

A.theirlowprice

B.theirexclusivedesign

C.theirhighquality

D.alloftheabove

問題5選項

A.themass-producedsilkgoodsislosingmarketinChina

B.MalfroyMillionisdevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoods

C.Lyon'sweaversandprintersaredwarfedbyRatti'sbecauseoflessturnovers

D.theFrenchandtheItalianarecompetingwitheachotheratthemarketofChina.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536提到里昂自1536年來是法國的絲綢業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)中心，選項B和C是關于意大利的，可以排除；文章第一段里面Ratti對員工說，“希望我們不要成為像里昂那樣又胖又懶”，可知他本身也是法國紡織工業(yè)的一員。選項A符合題意。

2.slip出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第一句話：Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years，主要講述了里昂作為法國紡織業(yè)中心的興衰，renewedvigor“新的活力”，可以推斷在注入新的活力之前是經過了下滑，因此slip在這里的意思是“下滑”，選項C符合題意。

3.文章第三段最后一句specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods提到一些公司試圖通過奢侈品和高端的時尚產品重新占據市場，由此可以推斷出法國紡織業(yè)公司通過生產圍巾等來重新占據市場。選項C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”提到價格、多樣性以及獨特性對于消費者來說都很重要。選項D符合題意。

5.題目的要求是下列哪個選項在文章中沒有直接講述，但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段ItisalsodevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures提到Malfroy正在通過價格低質量高的商品來發(fā)展市場，這些商品與之前中意合資企業(yè)生產的商品不同，由此可以推測大批量的商品正在逐漸失去市場。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問題1選項

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項surely“當然；無疑；堅定地；穩(wěn)當?shù)亍?；B選項eventually“最后，終于”；C選項precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項consequently“因此；結果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結合此處關鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

7.寫作題

Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.

【答案】略

8.單選題

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

問題1選項

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。transform“改變，使……變形”；transport“運輸；流放;使狂喜"；transplant“移植；移栽；使移居”；transcend“勝過，超越”。句意：布萊克太太發(fā)現(xiàn)只要她一彈鋼琴，自己就會被這架有魔法的鋼琴從現(xiàn)實世界帶入到自己的仙境。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Shemusthavebeenpretty（）tofallforsuchanoldtrick.

問題1選項

A.interested

B.gullible

C.enthusiastic

D.shrewd

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項interested“感興趣的”；B選項gullible“易受騙的，輕信的”；C選項enthusiastic“熱情的”；D選項shrewd“精明的，狡猾的”。句意：她太容易上當受騙了，才落入這樣的老圈套。由選項意思和句意可知，B選項符合句意。

10.單選題

Ournexttaskistoconsiderthepoliciesandprinciplesaruleroughttofollowindealingwithhissubjectsorwithhisfriends.SinceIknowmanypeoplehavewrittenonthissubject,IamconcerneditmaybethoughtpresumptuousformetowriteonIaswell,especiallysincewhatIhavetosay,asregardsthisquestioninparticular,willdiffergreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers.Butmyhopeistowriteabookthatwillbeuseful,atleasttothosewhoreaditintelligently,andsoIthoughtitsensibletogostraighttoadiscussionofhowthingsareinreallifeandnotwastetimewithdiscussionofanimaginaryworld.Formanyauthorshaveconstructedimaginaryrepublicsandprincipalitiesthathaveneverexistedinpracticeandnevercould;forthegapbetweenhowpeopleactuallybehaveandhowtheyoughttobehaveissogreatthatanyonewhoignoreseverydayrealityinordertoliveuptoanidealwillsoondiscoverhehasbeentaughthowtodestroyhimself,nothowtopreservehimself.Foranyonewhowantstoactthepartofagoodmaninallcircumstanceswillbringabouthisownruin,forthosehehastodealwithwillnotallbegood.Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.

Letusleavetooneside,then,alldiscussionofimaginaryrulersandtalkaboutpracticalrealities.Imaintainthatallmen,whenpeopletalkaboutthem,andespeciallyrulers,becausetheyholdpositionsofauthority,aredescribedintermsofqualitiesthatareinextricablylinkedtocensureortopraise.Soonemanisdescribedasgenerous,anotherasamiser;oneiscalledopen-handed,anothertight-fisted;onemaniscruel,anothergentle;oneuntrustworthy,anotherself-important;onepromiscuous,anothermonogamous;onestraightforward,anotherduplicitous;onetough,anothereasy-going;oneserious,anothercheerful;onereligious,anotheratheistical;andsoon.

NowIknoweveryonewillagreethatifarulercouldhaveallthegoodqualitiesIhavelistedandnoneofthebadones,thenthiswouldbeanexcellentstateofaffairs.Butonecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion,forwedonotliveinanidealworld.Youhavetobecannyenoughtoavoidbeingthoughttohavethoseevilqualitiesthatwouldmakeitimpossibleforyoutoretainpower;asforthosethatarecompatiblewithholdingontopower,youshouldavoidthemifyoucan;butifyoucannot,thenyoushouldnotworrytoomuchifpeoplesayyouhavethem.Aboveall,donotbeupsetifyouaresupposedtohavethosevicesarulerneedsifheisgoingtostaysecurelyinpower,for,ifyouthinkaboutit,youwillrealizetherearesomewaysofbehavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous,butwouldleadtoyourdownfall,andothersthataresupposedtobewicked,butwillleadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.

31.Theword“presumptuous”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

32.Ifarulerfollowsotherauthors'suggestion,hemight（）.

33.Inthebook,theauthor'sdiscussionmostlikelyfocuseson（）.

34.Ifarulerwantstosecurethepowerinhisownhands,heneeds（）.

35.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.showingdishonesty

B.showingrebellion

C.showingsubmission

D.showingdisrespect

問題2選項

A.tryhisbesttobeagoodeggallthetime

B.understandtheimportantofanauthoritativestatement

C.trytogaingreatfameandhighprestige

D.knowwhentobekindandwhentobecruel

問題3選項

A.presentingarealworldtohisreaders

B.describinganidealsocietytohisreaders

C.explaininghowtoconstructaperfectsystem

D.illustratingwhatawiserulershoulddo

問題4選項

A.wickedcruelty

B.immoralqualities

C.cunningsubjects

D.disreputablerivals

問題5選項

A.OnVirtues

B.OnWisdom

C.OnPraiseandCensure

D.OnPower

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.語義題。根據題干關鍵詞，將信息點定位至原文第一段，根據“differgreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers（與其他人的建議大相徑庭）”即可得出本題答案。

32.

細節(jié)推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“aruler”可將信息點定位至原文第一段最后一句，根據“Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.（所以對于一個統(tǒng)治者來說，如果他想抓住權力不放，就必須學會如何做不好，知道什么時候該做，什么時候不該做）”即可進行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

33.

細節(jié)事實題。將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據“onecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion（一個人不可能擁有所有的好品質，也不可能總是以值得稱贊的方式行事）”“behavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous（行為應該是善良的）”“l(fā)eadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.（導致你的幸福和內心的平靜）”即可得出本題答案。

34.細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞“arulerwantstosecurethepower”可將信息點定位至原文最后一段，從而得出本題答案。

35.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者探討的是統(tǒng)治者如何穩(wěn)固統(tǒng)治權利、鞏固自己的統(tǒng)治地位，既要擁有眾多良好的品質，也需要適時采取所謂“不道德”之舉。從而即可得出本題答案。

11.單選題

Lastyearourschoolfootballteamwonfour（）games.

問題1選項

A.obsessive

B.concessive

C.successive

D.excessive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。obsessive強迫性的，著迷的；concessive讓步的，妥協(xié)的;successive連續(xù)的，接替的；excessive過度的。句意：去年我們學校足球隊連續(xù)贏了四場比賽。選項C符合句意。

12.單選題

Becauseofthemassiveoilspillageinthegulf,boththeplantandanimallivesintheareaarein（）.

問題1選項

A.destiny

B.amenity

C.jeopardy

D.tragedy

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。destiny"命運,天命";amenity"娛樂設施";jeopardy"危險,危難";injeopardy指處于危險境地;tragedy"災難,悲劇"。句意：由于海灣大量石油泄漏，該地區(qū)的動植物都處于危險之中。選項C正確。

13.單選題

Itwasacold,rainyandwhollymiserableafternooninWashington,andahotmuggynightinMiami.ItwasSunday,andthreegameswereplayedinthetwocities.Thepeopleplayingthemandthepeoplewatchingthemtellusmuchabouttheever-changingethnicstructureoftheUnitedStates.

ProfessionalfootballintheUnitedStatesisalmostwhollyplayedbynative-bornAmericancitizens,mostlyverylargeandverystrong,manyofthemblack,itisagameofphysicalstrength.Linemenroutinelyweighmorethan300pounds.Playersarevaluedfortheirweighandmuscles,forhowfasttheycanrun,andhowhardtheycanhiteachother.Footballdrawsthebiggestcrowds,buttheteamsplayonlyonceaweek,becausetheygetsobattered.

The67.204fanswereinMiamiforthefinalgameofthebaseballWorldSeries.BaseballwasonceAmerica'sfavoritegame,buthaslostthatclaimtobasketball.

Baseballisagamethatrequiresstrength,butnothugeness.Agility,quickness,perfectvisionandquickreactionaremoreimportantthanpurestrength.BaseballwasonceapurelyAmericangame,buthasspreadaroundmuchoftheNewWorld.InthatSunday'sfinal,thefinalhitoftheextrainninggamewasdeliveredbyanativeofColumbia.TheMostValuablePlayerinthegamewasanativeofColumbia.Therostersofbothteamswereawashwith

Hispanicnames,asisMiami,whichnowclaimstheWorldChampionshipisagamethatmaybelosingpopularityinAmerica,buthasgaineditinmuchoftherestoftheworld.BaseballinAmericahastakenonastrongHispanicflavor,withadashofJapaneseaddedforseasoning.

Soccer,whichmanycountriesjustcallfootball,isthemostwidelyenjoyedsportintheworld.Insoccer,whichmanycountriesjustcallfootball,theethnictidehasbeenthereverseofbaseball.Untilrecently,professionalsoccerintheUnitedStateshaslargelybeenanimport,playedbysouthAmericansandEuropeans.Now,Americancitizensinlargenumbersarefinallytakingupthemostpopulargameintheworld.

Basketball,anAmericaninventionincreasinglyplayedaroundtheworld,thesedaysdrawslargecrowdsbackhome.Likewise,hockey,agamelargelyimportedtotheUnitedStatesfromneighboringCanada.Lacrosse,aversionofwhichwasplayedbyNativeAmericansbeforetheEuropeansarrived,isalsogainingakeennationalfollowing.

SportsofallkindsarewinningsupportfromAmericanarmchairenthusiastsfromavarietyofethnicbackgrounds.

1.Whichofthefollowingcatreflecttheever-changingethnicstructureofAmerica?

2.WhoplayprofessionalfootballintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisAmerica’sfavoritegame?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsocceristrue?

5.Theauthorofthepassagewantstotellusthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Sportsman.

B.Audience.

C.Bothofthem.

D.Noneofthem.

問題2選項

A.Native-bornAmericancitizens.

B.Europeans.

C.SouthAmericans.

D.BothBandC.

問題3選項

A.Baseball.

B.Basketball.

C.Professionalfootball.

D.Soccer.

問題4選項

A.Insoccerandbasketball,theethnictideisdifferent.

B.Untilrecently,soccerbecomesanimportantgame,somanynativeAmericansplayit.

C.Itisthemostpopulargameintheworld,somanyAmericancitizenstakeupit.

D.Althoughsocceristhemostpopulargameintheworld,Americancitizensinlargenumbersdonotlikefirst.

問題5選項

A.AmericanslikesportsandsportsrevealmuchaboutthechangingethnicstructureoftheUnitedStates

B.InWashington,severalgamesareplayedinoneday

C.Americanslikeallkindsofgames

D.TheAmericangamesarewatchedbynative-Americansandplayedbypeoplefromdifferentcountries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句話thepeopleplayingthemandthepeoplewatchingthemtellusmuchabouttheever-changingethnicstructureoftheUnitedStates提到通過參加比賽的運動員還有觀看比賽的觀反映出美國種族結構的變化，選項C符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句ProfessionalfootballintheUnitedStatesisalmostwhollyplayedbynative-bornAmericancitizens,提到職業(yè)的足球運動員都是土生土長的美國人，選項A符合題意。

3.文章第五段講述了職業(yè)足球運動員主要是南美人和歐洲人，而最近美國本地人也終于喜歡踢足球了（Now,Americancitizensinlargenumbersarefinallytakingupthemostpopulargameintheworld），選項D符合題意。

4.文章第五段最后兩句Untilrecently,professionalsoccerintheUnitedStateshaslargelybeenanimport,playedbysouthAmericansandEuropeans.Now,Americancitizensinlargenumbersarefinallytakingupthemostpopulargameintheworld提到美國的職業(yè)足球一般都是南美人和歐洲人，而現(xiàn)在大部分美國人終于開始喜歡足球。選項B符合題意。

5.文章第一段就指出了全文的主旨，那就是體育運動反映出了美國不斷變化的種族結構（Thepeopleplayingthemandthepeoplewatchingthemtellusmuchabouttheever-changingethnicstructureoftheUnitedStates），其他段落的內容通過選擇不同種類的運動來說明這個觀點。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis（）.

問題1選項

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項luxury“奢侈品，享受”；B選項accommodation“住處，膳宿，調節(jié)”；C選項entertainment“娛樂，消遣，款待”；D選項refreshment“點心，起提神作用的東西，精力恢復”。句意：在這個貧窮的國家里，生存是最大的事，其他的一切都是奢侈的事情。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

15.單選題

“Congratulations,Mr.Cooper.It’sagirl