考研考博-英語-大連楓葉職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連楓葉職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Terroristactivities,inwhateverforms,aretobedenouncedbypeace-lovingpeopleworldwide.

問題1選項

A.announced

B.forgiven

C.condemned

D.despised

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。denounce表示“譴責(zé)，公然抨擊”；A項announce“宣布”，B項forgive“原諒”，C項condemn“譴責(zé)，判刑”，D項despise“輕視，鄙視”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主義活動都應(yīng)受到全世界愛好和平的人民的譴責(zé)。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇C項正確。

2.單選題

Despitetheoppositionfromhisfamily,theboyremained（）inhisdecisiontomarryher.

問題1選項

A.faithful

B.constant

C.staunch

D.resolute

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項faithful“忠誠的”；B選項constant“不變的”；C選項staunch“堅定的，忠誠的”；D選項resolute“堅決的，果斷的”。句意：盡管遭到家人的反對，男孩還是下定決心要娶她。這里是指果斷的下定決心，所以選項D符合語境。

3.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinite-structuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”，and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein_______.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure,

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（心理學(xué)家把這個問題看作是一件沮喪的是或是一個笑話）可知A選項表述不正確；由第一段中的Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.（但他們急忙指出，不同并不等于好或壞）可知B選項表述不正確；由第三段中的Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.（這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦之間的結(jié)構(gòu)差異，它必須具有一定的意義）可知D選項表述不正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D選項，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認為，正是社會的影響產(chǎn)生了這些差異）可知選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但要在此基礎(chǔ)上解釋男女技能的實際差異并非易事）可知選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing（我們也不知道這兩部分是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。但這種顯著的差異肯定會有一定的影響，因為這種差異存在于大腦中與智力有關(guān)的部分，我們應(yīng)該尋找智力加工的差異）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了男性和女性的結(jié)構(gòu)存在差別，科學(xué)家對這種差別所做的研究，因此A選項“概述腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究成果”符合題意。

4.單選題

Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy.Inaffluentsocietiestheavailabilityofmaterialgoodsincreasesthedemandforpositionalgoodsbasedonsocialscarcity.Mostoftenitis“envy，emulation,orpride”creatingthiskindofscarcity,inwhichsatisfactionisderivedfromrelativepositionalone,beinginfront,orfrombeingbehind.”Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning.Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness.

Modernadvertisingisthebestexampletoillustratetheimportanceofenvytokeepoureconomygoing.Advertisingusesenvytomakecommoditiesdesirable.Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness.Advertisementsellsproductswiththehelpofenviouscontagion.Mostofthetimeenvyitselfremainshiddenandisnotdirectlymentionedincommercials.Buteventhismaynolongerbetrue.Envyseemstoloseitstraditionalbadreputation.Moreandmorecommercialsdirectlyrefertoenvytomaketheircommoditiesmoredesirable.Themostwell-knownexampleofanopenreferencetoenvyisaperfumeproducedbytheItaliancompanyGucciwiththebrandname“Envy”promisingthatyouwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance.

Thoseofyoufamiliarwithtraditionaldefinitionsofenvyandemulationmay,however,questionmythesisthatourmoderneconomyisdrivenbyenvy.Isitreallyenvythatgovernsoureconomyorwouldnotemulationbeamoreappropriateandlessmoralizingterm?Thereisaneasyanswertothisquestion.Inparallelwiththeemergenceofourmodernworldandtheriseofcapitalismthetraditionaldistinctionbetweenbadenvyandgoodemulationhasslowlylostitsmeaning.WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulationbutmentionsaformofhumandesirecomprisingboththesetraditionallydistinguishedemotions.

1.Envyisthedrivingforceofmoderneconomicdevelopmentbecause（）.

2.Whatistheessenceofenvythatkeepseconomygoing?

3.Whatistheillusionadvertisementbringstoitsconsumers?

4.TaketheItalianperfume“Envy”foranexample,theword“envy”（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisbadenvy?

6.AccordingtoKant,thecommonnessbetweenenvyandemulationis（）.

問題1選項

A.itgivesrisetomodernconsumerism

B.iturgespeopletopossessmoreandbettergoods

C.itistheprerequisiteofhighproductivity

D.thepassionofithelpsproducemoregoods

問題2選項

A.Thepursuitofvanity.

B.Thewishoftheprosperityofproducts.

C.Thecreativityofadvertisements.

D.Thefulfillmentofambition.

問題3選項

A.Onlythoseadvertisedgoodsaretrustworthy.

B.Togetwhathasbeenadvertisedistogainhappiness.

C.Tohaveafeelingthatonehasbecomethebestintheworld.

D.Themoreonepossesses,thehigherpositionhewillhave.

問題4選項

A.meansmorepositivelynow

B.hastotallydifferentmeaningnow

C.hasbeenfullytakenadvantageof

D.canembodyabetterself

問題5選項

A.Thefeelingthatforcesustopreventotherspossessingthegoods.

B.Thefeelingthatmakesustrytoobtainthegoodsoftheother.

C.Astrongdesireforwhatotherspossess.

D.Anyoftheabove-mentionedfeelings.

問題6選項

A.moralization

B.competitiveness

C.vanity

D.passion

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到現(xiàn)在資本主義依賴于它創(chuàng)造和增加稀缺的能力，在很大程度上依賴于無處不在的嫉妒（Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy），通過嫉妒幾乎所有的商品都可能轉(zhuǎn)化成令人向往的商品（Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness），由此可知嫉妒能夠促使人們?nèi)碛懈喔玫纳唐?，因此選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到只要人們渴望別人渴望的東西，我們生活中稀缺的商品就不會有止境，這樣我們的經(jīng)濟就能得以運轉(zhuǎn)（Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning），因此選項A”追求虛榮”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第二段第三句話提到海報、公告和電視廣告像我們展示了令人嫉妒的人擁有我們沒有的但需要有的東西，通過擁有這些東西可以獲得幸福（Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness），因此選項B”得到廣告中的東西就能得到幸?！本褪菑V告給消費者帶來的幻覺。

4.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到嫉妒似乎失去了它傳統(tǒng)的壞名聲，越來越多的廣告直接提到嫉妒，使他們的商品更受歡迎，其中一個著名的例子就是意大利Gucci公司生產(chǎn)的一款名為”Envy”的香水。由此可知越來越多的廣告直接將這個詞當(dāng)成了賣點，因此選項C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章中廣告利用的嫉妒心與傳統(tǒng)意義上的壞的嫉妒是不一樣的，廣告利用的嫉妒心是指你受人嫉妒的不僅是你所擁有的東西，還有這個東西所代表的自我（youwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance），因此除此之外的嫉妒都可算作badenvy。因此選項D符合題意。

6.細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段提到激情（嫉妒）把一個怯弱的、無所事事的世外桃源變成了一種繁榮的文化，他稱其為”嫉妒的、攀比的虛榮”，使得嫉妒與模仿之間沒有明確的界限（WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulation），因此選項D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday--imagesontelevision,innewspapersandmagazines,andonthesidesofbuses.ImagesalsogracesodacansandT-shirts,andInternetsearchenginescaninstantlyprocureimagesforanywordyoutype.Today,anyonewithadigitcameraandaPCcanproduceandalteranimage.Asaresult,thepoweroftheimagehasbeendilutedinonesense,butstrengthenedinanother.Ithasbeendilutebytheubiquityofimagesandthemanypopulartechnologiesthatgivealmosteveryonethepowertocreate,distort,andtransitimages.Butithasbeenstrengthenedbythegradualsurrenderoftheprintedwordtopictures.

Weloveimagesandthedemocratizingpoweroftechnologiesthatgiveusthecapabilitytomakeandmanipulateimages.Whatwearelesseagertoconsiderarebroaderculturaleffectsofasocietydevotedtotheimage.Historianshaveexploredthestoryofmankind’smovementfromanoral-basedculturetoawrittenculture,andlatertoaprintedone.Butinthepastseveraldecades,wehavebeguntomovefromaculturebasedontheprintedwordtoonebasedlargelyonimages.Inmakingimagesratherthantextsourguide,areweopeningupnewvistasforunderstandingandexpression,creatinganewformofcommunicationthatis“betterthanprint,”assomescholarshaveargued?Orarewemerelymakingapeculiarandunwelcomereturntoformsofcommunicationonceascendantinpreliteratesocieties?Twothingsinparticularareatstakeinourcontemporaryconfrontationwithanimage-basedculture.First,technologyhasconsiderablyunderminedourabilitytotrustwhatwesee,yetwehavenotadequatelygrappledwiththeeffectsofthisonournotionsoftruth.Second,ifweareindeedmovingfromtheeraoftheprintedwordtoaneradominatedbytheimage,whatimpactwillthishaveonculture?

【答案】普通人每天會在電視上、報紙上、雜志上和公交車上看到成千上萬的圖像。汽水罐和T恤上也有圖像，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索引擎可以立即為你輸入的任何單詞獲取圖像。今天，任何人只要有一臺數(shù)碼相機和一臺電腦就可以制作和修改圖像。因此，形象的力量在某種意義上被稀釋了，但在另一種意義上被加強了。它已經(jīng)被無處不在的圖像和許多流行的技術(shù)沖淡了，這些技術(shù)幾乎給了每個人創(chuàng)造、扭曲和傳送圖像的能力。但印刷文字逐漸向圖片屈服，使其更加強大。

我們喜歡圖像，也喜歡技術(shù)的民主化，它讓我們有能力制作和處理圖像。我們不太愿意考慮的是一個致力于這一形象的社會所產(chǎn)生的更廣泛的文化影響。歷史學(xué)家探索了人類從口述文化到書面文化，再到印刷文化的發(fā)展歷程。但在過去的幾十年里，我們已經(jīng)開始從一種基于印刷文字的文化轉(zhuǎn)向一種主要基于圖像的文化。讓圖像而非文本成為我們的向?qū)?，我們是否為理解和表達開辟了新的前景，創(chuàng)造了一種正如一些學(xué)者所說的“比印刷更好”的交流新形式？或者，我們僅僅是在以一種奇特的、不受歡迎的方式回歸到曾經(jīng)在文字出現(xiàn)前的社會中盛行的交流方式？在我們當(dāng)代與以形象為基礎(chǔ)的文化的對抗中，尤其有兩件事會處于危險之中。首先，技術(shù)大大削弱了我們相信所見事物的能力，但我們還沒有充分應(yīng)對這對我們的真理觀念所產(chǎn)生的影響。第二，如果我們真的從印刷文字的時代進入了一個以圖像為主導(dǎo)的時代，這將對文化產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響?

6.單選題

Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.

問題1選項

A.imminent

B.recyclable

C.smelly

D.poisonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“即將來臨的，迫近的”；B選項“可回收利用的”；C選項“有臭味的”；D選項“有毒的，惡毒的”；題干中toxic“有毒的，中毒的”，句意：最緊迫的事情是找到一個傾倒有毒工業(yè)廢料的地方。因此D選項符合題意。

7.不定項選擇題

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.

Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking.breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.

Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

1.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.

4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.

5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.

問題1選項

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

問題2選項

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfur-richfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

問題3選項

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

問題4選項

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

問題5選項

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.1.第一段中的詞組“emanatefrom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.thriveonA.靠……發(fā)展

B.accountforB.對……負責(zé)、做出解釋

C.originatefromC.發(fā)源于

D.descendfromD.由……傳下來的

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第二句“在大多數(shù)情況下，令人不快的口氣emanatesfrom口腔中的細菌，盡管還有其他更令人驚訝的原因（causes）”，根據(jù)后面的causes可知，offensivebreath（口臭）和bacteriainthemouth（口腔中的細菌）之間應(yīng)該是一個因果關(guān)系，是bacteria（細菌）導(dǎo)致了offensivebreath（口臭），那么可以反推，offensivebreath（口臭）是來源于bacteria（細菌），故C項“發(fā)源于”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A項“靠……發(fā)展”、B項“對……負責(zé)、做出解釋”和D項“由……傳下來的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項屬于曲解原文。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?2.下列哪項被提到是口臭的原因之一？

A.Toothtrouble.A.牙齒問題。

B.Sulfur-richfood.B.高硫的食物。

C.Toomuchexercise.C.太多鍛煉。

D.Mentalstrain.D.精神緊張。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段“酒精、饑餓、說話太多、運動時用嘴呼吸，任何使口腔干燥的東西都會產(chǎn)生口臭。壓力也是如此，雖然不知道為什么。有些人每次去面試時口氣都會變酸?！笨芍瑝毫σ矔斐煽跉鈫栴}，D項“精神緊張”也屬于壓力問題，所以該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】

A項“牙齒問題”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B項“高硫的食物”根據(jù)第三段第二句“例如，當(dāng)我們睡覺時，唾液流得很慢，產(chǎn)生硫的細菌占了上風(fēng)，產(chǎn)生了所謂的‘早晨口氣’”可知，原文提到的是含硫的細菌能夠?qū)е驴诔簦⒉皇鞘澄?，該項屬于曲解原文?/p>

C項“太多鍛煉”根據(jù)第四段第一句“酒精、饑餓、說話太多、運動時用嘴呼吸，任何使口腔干燥的東西都會產(chǎn)生口臭”可知，原文說的是運動時用嘴呼吸會引發(fā)口臭，該項條件不足，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.3.根據(jù)這篇文章，酒精與口臭有關(guān)的主要原因是______。

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducingA.它能阻止有害細菌的繁殖

B.itssmelladdstobadbreathB.它的氣味增加了口臭

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteriaC.它殺死了一些有益的細菌

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsalivaD.它影響唾液的正常流動

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章最后一句“如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多數(shù)漱口水都含有酒精——會使口腔干燥，從而加劇這一問題”可知含有酒精的漱口水會使口腔干燥，從而產(chǎn)生口臭，原因是唾液流動變得緩慢，那么推斷，酒精與口臭有關(guān)的主要原因是因為使得口腔唾液流動緩慢，所以D項“它影響唾液的正常流動”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“它能阻止有害細菌的繁殖”是漱口水的作用，并不是酒精，屬于張冠李戴；

B項“它的氣味增加了口臭”和C項“它殺死了一些有益的細菌”沒提到，屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.4.漱口水不能有效治療口臭，主要是因為______。

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenoughA.它們掩蓋不了難聞的氣味

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteriaB.它們無法接觸到所有有害的細菌

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworseC.它們強烈的氣味和口臭混合在一起，使情況更糟

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucusD.它們不能覆蓋厚厚的粘液層

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段二三四句“一些漱口水聲稱能殺死導(dǎo)致口腔異味的細菌。問題是，它們不一定能觸及所有有害細菌。在厚厚的黏液層下，大多數(shù)細菌都能很好地免受漱口水的侵害?！笨芍?，漱口水不能治療口臭是因為厚厚的黏液層覆蓋了有害細菌，所以漱口水不能觸及到所有的有害細菌，B項“它們無法接觸到所有有害的細菌”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“它們掩蓋不了難聞的氣味”和治療口臭無關(guān)，屬于出處錯位；

C項“它們強烈的氣味和口臭混合在一起，使情況更糟”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D項“它們不能覆蓋厚厚的粘液層”漱口水不能治療口臭的原因是厚厚的黏液層使得漱口水不能接觸到所有的有害細菌，并不是不能覆蓋厚厚的黏液層的原因，該項曲解原文。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.5.從這篇文章中我們可以推斷出______。

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecuredA.口臭不容易治好

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreathB.上了年紀的人對口臭不那么反感

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreathC.酗酒者受口臭的影響較小

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcoholD.口臭受酒精的影響較小

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】文章前五段描述了引起口臭的多種原因，包括酒精、饑餓、說話太多、運動等使口腔干燥的因素，后三段闡述了能夠增加唾液流動和掩蓋口臭的方法，綜合可以推斷，引起口臭的因素有很多，所以并不是很容易治好，A項“口臭不容易治好”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B項“上了年紀的人對口臭不那么反感”根據(jù)第五段第一句“隨著年齡的增長，唾液的流動會逐漸減慢，這也解釋了為什么老年人比年輕人更容易出現(xiàn)口臭問題”可知，原文提到了老年人比年輕人更容易口臭的原因，但該項并未提及，也無從推斷，屬于無中生有；

C項“酗酒者受口臭的影響較小”和D項“口臭受酒精的影響較小”，在原文提到了酒精會使口腔干燥，從而導(dǎo)致口臭，所以酗酒者更加受到口臭的影響，這兩項屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Onlineschools,which（）theneedsofdifferentpeople,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative.

問題1選項

A.consentto

B.stirup

C.switchon

D.caterto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項consentto“同意；答應(yīng)；贊成”；B選項stirup“激起；煽動；攪拌；喚起”；C選項switchon“接通，開啟”；D選項caterto“迎合；為……服務(wù)”。句意：滿足不同人群需求的網(wǎng)上學(xué)校已經(jīng)成為一種日益流行的教育方式。由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“theneedsof……的需求”可知“迎合”符合句意，因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

Therulewillnolongerpermitustouseasevidencestatementsthathavebeenobtainedusingcruel,inhuman,ordegradinginterrogationmethods.

問題1選項

A.punching

B.disturbing

C.questioning

D.rejecting

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.punching拳打，以拳痛擊B.disturbing打擾，干擾

C.questioning正式提問，質(zhì)詢D.rejecting拒絕接受，不予考慮

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】interrogation的意思為“審問”，這里指不能用殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的審訊方法，questioning與之詞義相近，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】該規(guī)則不再允許我們使用通過殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的審訊方法獲得的證詞作為證據(jù)。

10.單選題

Onceuponatime,theemblematicjazzsingerwasanAfrican-Americanwoman,serenadingasmoke-filledroom.ThinkBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.BorninRussia,shefledwithherfamilytoIsraelattheageof7,thensettledinCanadaat16.NowshesellsouttheBlueNotejazzclubinTokyo.Herrootsandherreachareglobal.Inlooksandlanguage,shecouldn’tbefurtherfromthepioneerswhocamemorethanahalfcenturybefore.

YetMilmanandotherslikeherareredefiningjazzbydrawingontheAmericansongbook.InhisbookTheJazzSingers,ScottYannowarguesthatamong21st-centuryjazzvocalists,only“afewmanagetoreinveststandardsinnewways,”whichisexactlywhatthisnewclassisdoingsowell.Milman—who’sfluentinFrench,English,Russian,andHebrew—singsColePorter’s“LoveforSale”inaclear,valiantaltothatboomsdownlowandreacheseffortlesslyuphigh.ElisabethKontomanou,whoisGreekandGuinean,insistsonknowingtheAfrican-Americanrootsofthemusicsheplays.“Jazzisinnovation,butwithallthecultureandtheunderstandingofwhathasalreadybeendone,”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tlookatthat,yougetatasteless,odorless,andcolorlessmusic.”O(jiān)nherlastCD,Brewin’theBlues,shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreandMore(andThenSome).”

Languagehasprovednobarriertothesewomen,allsinginEnglish.VirginieTeychenecomesfromthesouthofFrancebutlearnedEnglishwithherfather,whousedtoshowAmericanMarinestheFrenchwayoflife.“Frenchdoesn’tlenditselftojazz,”shesays.“Wordscanoftenfallflat,asitishardtosinginFrenchonrhythm.”Teychene,whowasnameda“newrevelation”atFrance’sJuan-les-Pinsjazzfestivallastyear,coverssongslike“TakeATrain”inherpure,lowvoice.BornandraisedinTurin,theItalianchanteuseRobertaGambarinirecordedSwedishfolksongsearlyinhercareerbuthaslatelyturnedtotheromanticeraofAmericanjazz.Hernewrecord,“SoinLove”,revolvesaroundsweetrenditionsoftuneslike“ThatOldBlackMagic”—asongSarahVaughanmadefamousinthe40s.“ThebulkofgoodsongsthatallowyoutoimprovisehappentolargelybepartoftheGreatAmericanSongbook,”shesays.

That’snottosaythatthesevocalistsaren’tpushingboundaries.EsperanzaSpalding,whowasborntoaWelsh-Hispanic-NativeAmericanmotherandablackfatherandraisedintheStates,singsinEnglish,Spanish,andPortuguese.Whenrecordingthe1930sstandard“BodyandSoul”,sherenamedit“CuerpoyAlma”,andpulledoffafierySpanishrendition.“Youalwayscreatesomethingnewevenwhenyouusevocabularyfromthepast.”shesays.

Ultimately,thisreturntotherootsofjazzhastodowithauthenticityandaccessibility.“Ilikewhenpeoplecometoseemeattheendofaconcert,surprisedthatthisisactuallyjazzandthattheycanenjoyitwithoutreallyknowingtheculture,”saysTeychene.Yetifaskedwherethewindingroadoffamestarts,thesesingersgiveatraditionalanswer.“IfyoulivedeepintheheartofChinaandyouwanttobeajazzmusician,youstillhavetogotoNewYorkorNewOrleansandplayjazz,”saysKontomanou.Thenyoumovetoanothercountryandshareitwiththeworld.

21.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSophieMilman?

22.Whatdothenewjazzsingershaveincommon?

23.ItcanbeinferredthatScottYanow’sattitudetowardsthenewjazzsingersis________.

24.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatthosenewjazzsingersare“pushingboundaries”(Paragraph4)?

25.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thosepopularnewjazzsingersattributetheirsuccessto________.

問題1選項

A.Shehasmulticulturalbackgrounds.

B.Sheisanemblematicjazzsinger.

C.ShelovesthemusicofBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgerald.

D.Shecreatesthenewjazzsinger.

問題2選項

A.TheyallcomefromEurope.

B.Theyresemblethepioneersofjazzmusicinlooksandlanguage.

C.Theyallbringsomethingnewtojazzmusic.

D.Theydon’tlikesinginlanguagesotherthanEnglish.

問題3選項

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.negative

問題4選項

A.Theysometimesdon’tsticktothetraditionalrenderingofjazzmusic.

B.TheydonotalwayssinginEnglish.

C.Theyliketotrydifferentmusicalinstrumentwhenplayingjazz.

D.Theywouldprefertosingsongsallcreatedbythemselves.

問題5選項

A.earlyexposuretoAmericanjazzculture

B.goodcommandofEnglishlanguage

C.innovationandoriginality

D.travellingaroundworld

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四、五句Today,atalentedcropofcosmopolitanyoungsingersarecreatinganewbreedofjazzvocalist:theglobalizedchanteuse.Theycomefrommulticulturalbackgrounds,liveallovertheworld,andareinfusingthetraditionalAmericansoundwithnewenergy.Taketoday’srisingstar,26-year-oldSophieMilman.（今天，一群才華橫溢的國際化年輕歌手正在創(chuàng)造一種新爵士歌手：國際化的女歌手。她們來自多文化背景，生活在世界各地，為傳統(tǒng)的美國音樂注入了新的活力。以今天的后起之秀，26歲的索菲?米爾曼為例。），索菲?米爾曼是全球化女歌手之一，所以A選項“她有多文化背景”正確；這一群女歌手開創(chuàng)了新爵士歌手，所以D選項“索菲?米爾曼開創(chuàng)了新爵士歌手”錯誤。B選項“她是一位具有代表性的爵士歌手”：文中沒有提到米爾曼在爵士樂的地位，故錯誤。C選項“她喜歡BillieHoliday和EllaFitzgerald的音樂”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句shefollowsherownrulesbyrevisitinglessfamoussongsbyjazzicons,suchasBillieHoliday’s“TellMeMoreand