考研考博-英語-山西財經(jīng)大學考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西財經(jīng)大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Catherine

won'tmindifyou（）her

workload—sheneedstheextramoney.

問題1選項

A.amountto

B.addto

C.putup

D.goon

【答案】B

【解析】amountto指等于,意味著；addto指增大；putup指呈現(xiàn)；goon指繼續(xù)。句意：Catherine不會介意你加大她的工作量,她急需用錢。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Mostpeopleconsiderthelandscapetobeunchanging,butEarthisadynamicbody,anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears).Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.

Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Asageneralrule,thehigheramountainis,themorerecentlyitwasformed;forexample,thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold.Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.Today,however,therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)existasthecomparativelylowmountainsofGreenland,thenorthernAppalachiansintheUnitedStates,theScottishHighlands,andtheNorwegiancoastalplateau.

TheEarth’scrustisthoughttobedividedintohuge,movablesegments,calledplates,whichfloatonasoftplasticlayerofrock,Somemountainswereformedasaresultoftheseplatescrashingintoeachotherandforcinguptherockattheplatemargins.Inthisprocess,sedimentaryrocksthatoriginallyformedontheseabedmaybefoldedupwardstoaltitudesofmorethan26,000feet.Othermountainsmayberaisedbyearthquakes,whichfracturetheEarth’scrustandcandisplaceenoughrocktoproduceblockmountains.Athirdtypeofmountainmaybeformedasaresultofvolcanicactivitywhichoccursinregionsofactivefoldmountainbelts,suchasintheCascadeRangeofwesternNorthAmerica.TheCascadesaremadeupoflavasandvolcanicmaterials.Manyofthepeaksareextinctvolcanoes.

Whateverthereasonformountainformation,assoonaslandrisesabovesealevelitissubjectedtodestructiveforces.Theexposedrocksareattackedbythevariousweatherprocessesandgraduallybrokendownintofragments,whicharethencarriedawayandlaterdepositedassediments.Thus,anylandscaperepresentsonlyatemporarystageinthecontinuousbattlebetweentheforcesofupliftandthoseoferosion.

Theweather,initsmanyforms,isthemainagentoferosion.Rainwashesawayloosesoilandpenetratescracksintherocks.Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.Therainseepsundergroundandthewatermanyreappearlaterassprings.Thesespringsarethesourcesofstreamsandrivers,whichcutthroughtherocksandcarryawaydebrisfromthemountainstothelowlands.

Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.Itcriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirslitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.

50.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofchangesinEarth’slandscape?

51.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutthemountainsoftheHimalayas?

52.Theword“relics”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

53.WhydoestheauthormentionCarbondioxideinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyoccurmoreoftenbyupliftthanbyerosion.

B.Theyoccuronlyatspecialtimes.

C.Theyoccurlessfrequentlynowthantheyoncedid.

D.Theyoccurquicklyingeologicalterms.

問題2選項

A.Theircurrentheightisnotanindicationoftheirage.

B.Atpresent,theyaremuchhigherthanthemountainsoftheCaledonianrange.

C.Theywereauniformheightabout400millionyearsago.

D.TheyarenotashighastheCaledonianmountainswere400millionyearsago.

問題3選項

A.resemblances

B.regions

C.remains

D.restorations

問題4選項

A.Toexplaintheoriginofachemicalthatcaneroderocks.

B.Tocontrastcarbondioxidewithcarbonicacid.

C.Togiveanexampleofhowrainwaterpenetratessoil.

D.Toargueforthedesirabilityofpreventingerosion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段，關于地球景觀的變化，下列哪項陳述是正確的？”。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears)（地球的外貌在人類文明進程中一直保持著持續(xù)緩慢的變化，但是與大約4500億年前的冰河時代的地貌變化相比，這個進程的確快了很多）可知，地球景觀從地質上來說，變化的還是比較快的，所以D項“從地質學的角度上來看，它們變化得很快”正確。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.（塑造地形的主要影響因素有兩種：一種是建設過程，如隆起，產(chǎn)生新的景觀特征；另一種是破壞性力量，如侵蝕，逐漸磨損裸露的地形。）可知，A項“它們通常是由地殼隆起而不是由地殼侵蝕產(chǎn)生的”錯誤。B項“他們只發(fā)生在特殊的時間”和C項“它們發(fā)生的頻率比以前少”在第一段沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

51.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第二段可以推斷出關于喜馬拉雅山脈的下列哪項？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Lowermountainstendtobeolder…About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.（較低的山脈往往更古老……大約4億年前，當現(xiàn)在的北美大陸和歐洲大陸合并時，加里東山脈和現(xiàn)在的喜馬拉雅山一樣大。）可知，在4億年前加里東山脈就和現(xiàn)在的喜馬拉雅山一樣大，那么加里東山脈至少存在了4億年，而較低的山脈往往更古老，可以反推，古老的山脈高度也較低，所以B項“目前，它們比加里東山脈高得多”正確。A項“它們目前的高度并不能說明它們的年齡”錯誤，文中提到了“較低的山脈更古老”。第二段提到thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold（喜馬拉雅山的高山只有大約5000萬年的歷史），可知喜馬拉雅和加里東山脈的存在時間是不一樣的，故C項“它們在大約4億年前是統(tǒng)一的高度”錯誤。D項“它們不像4億年前的加里東山脈那么高”，與文章表述不符合。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

52.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第二段中的relics的意思與下列哪一項最接近？”。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞可以定位到第二段最后一句therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)exist…（加里東造山運動的relics仍然存在……），以及第三句Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.（較低的山脈往往更古老，而且往往都是高得多的山脈鏈的侵蝕relics），文中提到加里東造山運動有大約4億年了，而且較低的山脈往往更古老，所以可以推斷，現(xiàn)在存在的是加里東造山運動的遺跡，所以relics指的就是“遺跡、遺址”的意思，C項“遺跡”符合。A項“相似之處”、B項“地區(qū)”和D項“修復”都不正確。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

53.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者在文章中提到二氧化碳？”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.（空氣中的二氧化碳與雨水發(fā)生反應，形成一種弱酸，即碳酸，這種弱酸可能會對巖石產(chǎn)生化學侵蝕），由此可知，作者在這里提到二氧化碳是解釋一種可能侵蝕巖石的化學物質的起源，故A項“為了解釋一種可以侵蝕巖石的化學物質的起源”正確。B項“對比二氧化碳和碳酸”并不全面。C項“舉例說明雨水如何滲透土壤”，雨水只是沖走巖石上的土壤并流入到巖石縫隙中和二氧化碳產(chǎn)生反應，這里提到二氧化碳并不是為了說明雨水是如何滲透土壤的，C項錯誤。D項“論證防止侵蝕的可取性”，文中并沒有提到防止侵蝕的相關內容。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.單選題

Whenyouareatcollege,youshouldnot（）yourstudy.

問題1選項

A.getabigkickin

B.foolaroundwith

C.setaside

D.drawon

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項getabigkickin“得到極大的樂趣”；B選項foolaroundwith“與不三不四的人鬼混”；C選項setaside“駁回，不管”；D選項drawon“利用，吸收”。句意：在上大學的時候，你不應該把學習放在一邊不管不顧。選項C符合語境。

4.單選題

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointofhisfascinateingocampaign—toabolishtelevision.Hismanifest“FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevision”isanAmericanbestseller,andaftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawareofhowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertisingandmoneymaking.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisadeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.Perceptionisdulledandflattened,saysMander,whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.“Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,”saysMander,“andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment”Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandwithitoffbeforetheharmisdone—theymightalsobecomebrain-washed,orwhoknows.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTedlevisionisabookwhich（

）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（

）

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviorsarechangedbecause（

）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（

）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（

）.

問題1選項

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.becameaverypopularbooktoread

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

問題2選項

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

問題3選項

A.thebrainisabletomakeconsciousdecisions

B.theconsciousmindisaffectedbyTVimages

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimagesitsees

問題4選項

A.peoplewouldlosetheirothersenses

B.peoplewouldbeveiyimaginative

C.peoplewillbecomeverypassive

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlywatching

問題5選項

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第一段：…aftereighteditionsisstillgeneratinggreatconcernanddebateintheUSA：這本書自從幾年前出版以來已經(jīng)出了八版。并且還在引起廣泛的關注和激烈的爭論。由此可知，C項(成為了很受歡迎的書)為正確答案。A:給美國人帶來了痛苦。與原文不符。B:在海外取得很大成功。文章只提到在美國引起人們的關注與爭議，故與原文不符。D:介紹一個有魅力者的觀點。與原文不符。

2.細節(jié)題。第二段：...howmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising

andmoneymaking...；Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitas“adeep,profoundanddisturbingactbyfewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.杰里反對電視中的廣告并不是因為電視廣告帶來的利潤太少。而是他認為對于以利益為導向的價值觀的灌輸是少數(shù)人對于公眾的不負責任的行為。

3.推斷題。第二段：...itcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave（電視使人們的腦子里充斥著大量的畫面和形象）。故選B項(意識受到電視畫面的影響)。

4.推斷題。第三段指出:Perceptionisdulledandflattened,...whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingascreenandlisteningtoartificialsound(感覺會變得遲鈍，人也變得沒精打彩，也就不能感受與體會到整個事件的過程。這樣人們就只能被動的一個晚上坐在那達四個小時，看著電視屏幕，聽著人工的聲音),因此選C項(人會變得很被動)。

5.推斷題。最后一段指出：...prolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment(長期暴露在人造光下會改變人體細胞，這就是為什么它被用于某種醫(yī)學治療的原因),不難看出長時間暴露在電視人工的光線也有可能威脅人們的健康。

5.單選題

TV,radioandnewspaperareimportant（

）foradvertising.

問題1選項

A.features

B.broadcasting

C.publications

D.media

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項feature“特色，特征”；B選項broadcast“廣播”；C選項publication“出版，發(fā)表”；D選項media“媒介”。句意：電視、廣播和報紙是廣告的重要媒介。選項D符合句意。

6.單選題

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

問題1選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題2選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題3選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題4選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題5選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。第二段開頭提到committee時，使用了定冠詞the修飾committee，說明前文該詞就已出現(xiàn)過，選項F中含有committee,也同樣提到了investigate,與下文的investigation呼應。

2.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袂耙痪涮峒皯撝肛煹氖锹槭±砉W院的男性文化(masculineculture)，而對此卻束手無策。選項E中提及女性沒有成為科學家是因為科學(或科學家)都是男性，與前文意思最為接近。

3.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭竦那耙痪渲刑岬讲⒉皇敲恳粋€人都同意在麻省理工暴露的問題就是歧視的這一說法，接下來作者很有可能要舉例說明該觀點。另外，第二段末提到了一個人名Kleinfeld,說明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相關信息，選項中符合語境的只有選項B，其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”與上文信息呼應。

4.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袂暗亩沃刑峒癒leinfeld教授認為麻省理工的女性科學家被邊緣化不是因為性別歧視，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多數(shù)女物理學家所經(jīng)歷的事業(yè)問題通常來自于無意識的偏見(unconsciousbias),前后兩段內容相反，由此可知，空格處句子表示轉折承接，C、D入選，而只有選項C中提及了discrimination,與下文遙相呼應。

5.聯(lián)系上下文。選項A中的inalmostallcultures與上文中的across130countries互相呼應。

7.單選題

Thisriverissowidethatitisimpossibletobuilda（

）underitwithoutmoderntechnology.

問題1選項

A.canal

B.tunnel

C.channel

D.cable

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。canal“運河，管道”；tunnel“隧道”；channel“通道，海峽”；cable“纜繩，電纜”。句意：這條河這么寬，要在它地下修建一條隧道沒有現(xiàn)代技術是不可能實現(xiàn)的。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

問題1選項

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

問題2選項

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

問題3選項

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

問題4選項

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

問題5選項

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世紀，所有關于未來的可怕小說都想象書會被燒毀……只舉一個例子，GarySteynghart的小說……描述了一個世界，在這里每個人都沉迷于電子設備——一個更無所不包的蘋果手機，里面有閃爍的購物車、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人們開始認為剩下的幾本沒讀過的紙書散發(fā)一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表達在描述未來的書中不會有書的位置，所以D選項“表明在描述未來世界的小說中沒有書”正確，沒有說到真人秀等事物和書籍的關系，故C選項“證明書籍在未來將被真人秀和色情所取代”錯誤。A選項“提倡閱讀紙質書已經(jīng)過時的觀點”和B選項“推出一款比iPhone更雜項的全新電子產(chǎn)品”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

32.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占據(jù)的精神空間正在被我們周圍數(shù)以千計的大規(guī)模毀滅性武器所侵蝕。），可知紙質書銷量下降主要是因為讀者的思想被其他的東西占據(jù)，所以B選項“由于各種各樣的誘惑，人們的思維沒有空間來閱讀”正確。A選項“電子圖書正在占領越來越多的市場份額的紙質書”：根據(jù)第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被電子書啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但這不是主要原因，故錯誤。C選項“書店因為人們更喜歡從圖書館借書而歇業(yè)”：根據(jù)第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到書店和圖書館落寞的沖擊。），可知書店和圖書館沒有直接聯(lián)系，也不是主要原因，故錯誤。D選項“人們認為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的東西更值得他們關注”：文章沒有提及，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（這很難承認，但我們都能感覺到：閱讀書籍正變得越來越困難。），接著在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（評論家DavidUlin承認他有一種奇怪的感覺），這種感覺就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也無法在自己內心找到閱讀所必需的安靜），綜合來看，C選項“現(xiàn)在很難集中精力讀書”正確。A選項“人們傾向于視閱讀理所當然”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把閱讀當作理所當然的飲食），這是David的想法，而不是人們普遍的想法，故錯誤。B選項“人們的思想被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)侵占”：這在之前就提到，也不是這一段表達的重點，故錯誤。D選項“DavidUlin的書給讀者一種奇怪的感覺”不符合文章內容，因此C選項正確。

34.語義推測題。根據(jù)第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanant