考研考博-英語-無錫科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-無錫科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Afteryearsofnegotiation,aninternationalagreementtoconservespecies（）andecosystemshasfinallybeenadopted.

問題1選項

A.ventilated

B.imperiled

C.utilized

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項ventilated“通風的”；B選項imperiled“處于危險中的”；C選項utilized“被……利用的”；D選項modulated“已調的；被調的”。句意：經過多年的談判，一項保護處于危險中的物種和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的國際協(xié)議最終被采用。結合句意，B選項正確。

2.單選題

They______onacurefortuberculouswhiletheyweredoingresearchonsomethingelse.

問題1選項

A.foundered

B.stumbled

C.fumbled

D.tripped

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.foundered破產，沉沒B.stumbled蹣跚而行

C.fumbled笨手笨腳地做D.tripped將……絆倒

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由賓語acurefortuberculous（治療肺結核）可知，“發(fā)現”符合語境，而stumbleon為固定搭配，表示“意外發(fā)現，偶然發(fā)現”。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、C選項都不與on搭配；

D選項tripon表示“在……上失誤”，不符合句意。

【句意】他們在研究其他東西的時候偶然發(fā)現了一種治療肺結核的方法。

3.單選題

Johnsaidthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough______forhisorganizingability.

問題1選項

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.scope（做或實現某事的）機會，能力；（題目、組織、活動等的）范圍B.space（可利用的）空地，空間

C.capacity容量；容積；容納能力D.range（變動或浮動的）范圍，界限

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據關鍵詞organizingability（組織能力）可知，enough______指的是“（發(fā)揮組織能力的）足夠空間”，而scope是指實現某事或者做某事的機會或能力，符合句意，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B項牛津釋義是anamountofanareaorofaplacethatisemptyorthatisavailableforuse（空的或可供使用的區(qū)域或地方），不符合句意；

C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】約翰說他目前的工作不能為他的組織能力提供足夠的施展空間。

4.單選題

Hediscovered,tohismortification,thatisyoungsonknewmuchmoreaboutthesubjectthanhedid.

問題1選項

A.surprise

B.decoration

C.delight

D.humiliation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項surprise“驚奇，詫異”，B項decoration“裝飾，裝潢”，C項delight“高興”，D項humiliation“丟臉，恥辱，蒙羞”。句意：使他感到難堪的是，他發(fā)現他的小兒子在這方面比他懂得多。根據句意可知，mortification在句中表示“難堪”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是D項。因此，該題選擇D項。

5.單選題

Awindowinthekitchenwas（

）,therewasrubbisheverywhere,andthecurtainsandcarpetshadbeenstolen.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.scraped

C.scratched

D.smashed

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項scatter“撒播，散布”；B選項scrap“廢棄，拆毀”；C選項scratch“抓，刮”；D選項smashed“打碎，粉碎”。句意：廚房的一扇窗戶被打碎了，到處是垃圾，窗簾和地毯被偷了。選項D符合句意。

6.單選題

______herinexperienceherfailuretosecurethecontractwasnotsurprising.

問題1選項

A.Inviewof

B.Withregardto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Accordingto

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”；B選項Withregardto“至于”；C選項Byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；D選項Accordingto“按照”。句意：______她缺乏經驗，她沒能簽署那份合同就不足為奇了。根據語境，這里指的是缺乏經驗很大程度上讓她沒能簽成合同，A選項Inviewof“鑒于，考慮到”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

7.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertion(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1.Period→Time

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.Having→/

schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.

3.∧study→the

Wefrequentlyhearthatdrinkingasmallamountofcoffeecan

behealthy,Thisalwayscomesbacktotheevidencewheresome

1.______

coffee-drinkingisacommonbehavioramonglong-lived,healthy

peopleacrosspopulations.Newsstoriestendtointerpretthis

evidenceoptimistically,reportedthatcoffeemaybegoodforyou.

2.______

Inreality,itmightjustbeaninterestingcorrelation.Randomized,

controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct,asthe

3.______

effectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears,ifnot

4.______

alifetime,torevealthemselves.

Thosewhoclaimthatcoffeeishealthfultendtopointtothose

5.______

highlevelofantioxidants.Butantioxidantsupplementshavenot

beenprovedtocorrelatewithhealthandlongevity.Antioxidants

representavastspectrumofsubstances.VitaminEisan

6.______

antioxidant,andtakingVitamin-Esupplementshasbeenshownto

increasemen’sriskofprostatecancer.

Ifcoffeedoeshaveanaffectonlongevity,itislikelyaresult

7.______

ofsomethingmoreglobalthanthepotentialeffectofantioxidants

—suchthefactthatconstantexposuretocaffeine,evenatlow

8.______

levels,suppressesappetite(inaworldwheremostpeopleeatmore

thanisideal).Orthatitencouragessocialinteraction-itinclines

ustogooutanddothingswithpeople-whichitselfisgenerally

beneficialwithhealth.Thesearelegitimatelypositiveresults.But

9.______

aswithallchemicals,thecomprehensiveeffectofcaffeineonour

healthdependsonhow,andhowmany,weuseit.

10.______

【答案】1.where→that

2.reported→reporting

3.extreme→extremely

4.takes→take

5.to→out

6.vast→broad

7.affect→effect

8.∧the→as

9.with→to

10.many→much

【解析】1.考查同位語從句。evidence后面的從句是用來補充說明evidence，所以應該是一個同位語從句；而where是用來修飾地點的定語從句，故將where改為that。

2.考查非謂語動詞。report的邏輯主語是newstories，它們之間是主動的關系，所以report應該用現在分詞形式表示伴隨。

3.考查副詞使用。根據句子“controlledtrialsonnutritionareextremedifficulttoconduct”可知，extreme和difficult都是形容詞，形容詞無法修飾另外一個形容詞，故應將extreme改為extremely。

4.考查主謂一致。根據句子“astheeffectsofdietarychangesarecomplexandoftentakesyears”可知，take的主語是theeffectsofdietarychanges，是復數形式，因此take應該和主語保持一致，故把takes改為take。

5.考查詞組。pointto多用來表示指向離說話人較遠的事物，意為“指向”，to是介詞，著重于指的方向；而后面的thosehighlevelofantioxidants表示“高度抗氧化劑”，這個句子的意思是“那些聲稱咖啡有益健康的人往往指出咖啡中含有大量的抗氧化劑”，所以把pointto改為pointout合適。

6.考查形容詞使用。vast表示“廣闊的，巨大的”；avastspectrumof表示“廣泛的光譜”這與句子意思不符合；應該將vast改為broad，abroadspectrumof固定搭配，表示“廣泛的”。

7.考查動詞詞性辨析。根據句子可知affect在句中是作名詞，而affect是動詞，表示“影響”；如果要用名詞應該改為effect“影響”；haveaneffecton表示“對……有影響”。

8.考查固定搭配。根據句子可知破折號后面是舉例，而suchas為固定搭配，表示“例如，比如”；所以應該在such后面加入as。

9.考查固定搭配。Bebeneficialto固定搭配，表示“對……有益”，所以應該把with改為to。

10.考查副詞用法。本句中的howmany是修飾it，即前面的caffeine“咖啡因”，這是一個不可數名詞，不能用many來修飾，故應該將many改為much。

8.單選題

OfallfiguresfromAmerica'spast,AbrahamLincolnisdearesttotheheartsoftheAmericanpeople.Infact,theadmirationtheyhaveforhimbordersonworship.WritersnotethattheLincolnMemorialinWashington,DCisnotunlikethetemplesthatancientGreeksbuiltinhonoroftheirgoods,andthatannualceremoniesofcelebratingLincoln'sbirthdayinschoolsandpublicplaceshavesometimeshadcharacteristicsofreligiousservices.CertainlyLincolnisAmerica'sidealofagreatleader.HehadmanyofthequalityofleadershipthatAmericansadmire.

Firstofall,Lincoln'scareerfitspopularAmericanbeliefthateverychildcandreamofbecomingpresident.Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.Lincolnwasbomofpoorparents.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasyoung.Hehadlittleopportunityforschooling.Hisearlystudywasdonealoneatnightbythelightofafireplace.Hedidhardmanuallaborthroughtheday——splittingrailsforfences,takingcareoflivestock,workingonriverboat——orinstore.Butashegrewolderhestudiedlawinhissparetimeandbecamealawyer.Hewasagoodspeakerandstudentofpoliticalphilosophy.HisabilityfinallymadeanameforhimandeventuallyhebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates.

LincolnisalsoadmiredbecauseofhisleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar.Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.He,inasense,representsthespiritofunionamongthestates.BeforetheCivilwar,theeconomyoftheSouthdependedonanagriculturalsystemwhichmadeuseofslavelabor.Whenreformersinthenorthernstates,putpressureonCongressnottopermittosecedeorwithdraw,fromtheUnitedStates,theyarguedthatthequestionofslaverywasamatterfortheindividualstatestodecideratherthanthefederalgovernment,andtheydidnotwanttoacceptitsdecision.Thenationalgovernmentsaidthatnostatehadtherighttosecede,andtheCivilWarwastheresult.Ifthesouthhadwonthewar,whatistheUnitesStatesmightwellhavebeendividedintoseveralcountries.Lincolnworkedhardtopreservetheunion,andthenorthernstateswerevictorious.

Furthermore,Lincolnhadmanypersonalqualitiesthatmadehimdeartotheheartsofhiscountryman.Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.Aspresident,heappointedmentohighgovernmentpositionswhomheconsideredmostcapable,eventhoughsomeofthemopenlyscornedhim.Hewasgeneroustohisopponents.Therearemanystoriesabouthisthoughtfultreatmentofsouthernleaders.Whenthewarwasover,heshowedtheSouthnohatred.SincegenerositytowardadefeatedopponentisadmiredbyAmericans,Lincolnfittedthenationalideaofwhatisright.

ShortlyaftertheCivilWarended,Lincoln,wasshotwhileattendingaplayinWashingtonTheater.Hediedwithinafewhours.Theuncontrolledemotionalreactionofthenationtohisdeathwasalmostunbelievableanddemonstratedthedeepesteeminwhichhewasheld.Newspaperswereedgedwithblack;religiousleadersgavepraiseofLincolninsteadoftheirpreparedsermons.HisfuneralprocessioninWashingtonwasmileslong.Lincoln'sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringfield,Illinois,butinallthemajorcitiesthroughwhichthetrainpassed,thecoffinwasparadedthroughstreetslinedwithsorrowfulthousands.Inthesmalltownsthroughwhichthetrainpassedbellsranginhonorofthedeadpresident.Citizenslittorchesalongtherailroadtracktoshowtheirlastrespects.

ThecircumstancesofhisdeathsetLincolnapartfromotherAmericanleaders.HadLincolnlived,itmightwellbethathispostwarpolicieswouldhavebroughtcriticismsuponhimthatwouldhavetarnishedhispopularity.Instead,anassassin'sbulleterasedinthemindsofAmericansanyfaultshehadandemphasizedhisvirtues.

1.WhataretheaspectsthatmadeLincolnidealofagreatleader?

2.Lincoln'sbeliefsusedtobe（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphitcouldbeinferredthat（）.

4.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat（）.

5.Lincolncamefromacitynamed（）.

6.Howmanypersonalqualitiesarementionedinparagraph4?

7.Theword“assassin”means（）.

問題1選項

A.Lincoln'scareerandfamily

B.Lincolnwasself-madeperson

C.Lincoln'sleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar

D.Hiscareer,leadership,generosityandrighttimeofdeath

問題2選項

A.unpopularwithmanypeopleduringtheperiodoftheCivilWar

B.aself-madeperson

C.worshipped

D.popularwiththeAmericanpeople

問題3選項

A.Americanpeoplelikethosewhoaregeneroustotheiropponents

B.Apresidentmustbelikeapresident

C.Lincoln'sdeathwasatarighttimetohim

D.LincolnisstillpopularwiththeAmericanpeople

問題4選項

A.apersonwhofightshisorherwaytothetopwillbepresident

B.Americansbelievethateveryonecanbepresidentifhehasability

C.aself-madepersonwillsucceed

D.it'sapieceofcaketobepresidentoftheUnitedStates

問題5選項

A.Washington

B.Springfield

C.Illinois

D.notmentioned

問題6選項

A.3

B.4

C.5

D.6

問題7選項

A.helper

B.assistant

C.soldier

D.killer

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】1.結合全文內容可知,本文從多個方面講述了林肯受人們愛戴的原因,選項D最能全面概括,其他選項都只是一個方面。

2.根據第三段的第二句“Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.”可知,林肯的信仰過去在內戰(zhàn)期間并不受大多數人的歡迎,選項A符合原文。

3.根據最后一段可知,如果林肯還活著,很可能他的戰(zhàn)后政策會給他帶來批評,損害他的聲望。相反,暗殺者的子彈抹去了美國人心中他的所有缺點,并強調了他的美德。由此可知,客觀上來說,林肯的死亡是在一個恰當的時機,選項C正確。

4.根據第二段的第二句“Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.”美國人欣賞那些,既沒有金錢也沒有家庭影響,卻能通過奮斗達到頂峰的人。也就是說,美國人相信只要有能力,每個人都能成為總統(tǒng)。選項B正確。

5.根據第五段倒數第二句“Lincoln'sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringfield,Illinois,...”林肯的遺體被火車運回了他在伊利諾斯州斯普林菲爾德的老家。由此可知,林肯來自于Springfield這個城市,Illinois是州,所以選項B正確。

6.根據第四段“Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.”“Hewasgeneroustohisopponents.”可知,本段提到了林肯的3個個人品質,選項A正確。

7.根據原文可知,這里指林肯遭到暗殺,所以選項D正確。

9.單選題

Whydosomedesertplantsgrowtallandthinlikeorganpipes?Whydomosttreesinthetropicskeeptheirleavesyearround?WhyintheArctictundraaretherenotreesatall?Aftermanyyearswithoutconvincinggeneralanswers,wenowknowmuchaboutwhatsetsthefashioninplantdesign.

Usingterminologymorecharacteristicofathermalengineerthanofabotanist,wecanthinkofplantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets.AplantbydayisstakedoutundertheSunwithnowayofshelteringitself.Alldaylongitabsorbsheat.Ifitdidnotloseasmuchheatasitgained,theneventuallyitwoulddie.

Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphereandthecold,blackreachesofspacetemperatureistolerablefortheprocessesoflife.PlantsintheArctictundralieclosetothegroundinthethinlayerofstillairthatclingsthere.AfootortwoabovethegroundarethewindsofArcticcold.TundraplantsabsorbheatfromtheSunandtendtowarmup;theyprobablybalancemostoftheirheatbudgetsbyradiatingheattospace,butalsobywarmingthestillairthatistrappedamongthem.AslongasArcticplantsareclosetotheground,theycanbalancetheirheatbudgets.Butiftheyshouldstretchupasatreedoes,theywouldlifttheirworkingparts,theirleaves,intothestreamingArcticwinds.ThenitislikelythattheplantscouldnotabsorbenoughheatfromtheSuntoavoidbeingcooledbelowacriticaltemperature.YourheatbudgetdoesnotbalanceifyoustandtallintheArctic.

Suchthinkingalsohelpsexplainothercharacteristicsofplantdesign.AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant—thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.Intropicalrainforests,bywayofcontrast,thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplantsbecausethereissufficientwater.

Thisworkingmodelallowsustoconnectthegeneralcharacteristicsoftheformsofplantsindifferenthabitatswithfactorssuchastemperature,availabilityofwater,andpresenceorabsenceofseasonaldifferences.OurEarthiscoveredwithapatchworkquiltofmeteorologicalconditions,andthepatternsofthispatchworkarefaithfullyreflectedbytheplants.

1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofplantsdoesthepassageprimarilyfocuson?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostresponsibleforpreventingtreesfromgrowingtallintheArctic?

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"sticklikeshapeofdesertplants"inLine3(Paragraph4)canbeattributedtothe（）

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributionstotheplants,balancingtheirheatEXCEPT.

5.WhichistheTRUEstatementaboutthedifferentplants?

問題1選項

A.Theirabilitytogrowequallywellinallenvironments.

B.TheireffectsontheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Theirabilitytostorewaterfordryperiods.

D.Theirabilitytobalanceheatintakeandoutput.

問題2選項

A.Thehard,frozenground.

B.Thesmallamountofavailablesunshine.

C.Thecold,destructivewinds.

D.Thelargeamountofsnowthatfallseachyear.

問題3選項

A.inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem

B.presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert

C.largesurfaceareathattheplantsmustexposetotheSun

D.extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat

問題4選項

A.radiatingheattotheatmosphere

B.warmingtheairaroundthem

C.absorbingheatfromthesun

D.evaporatingwater

問題5選項

A.Arcticplantsexposethesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiation.

B.Tropicalplantsareusuallynotaffectedbythestrongsunshine.

C.Desertplantsgrowdenselyclosetotheground.

D.Plantsindifferentregionsshownorelationstotheseasons.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨思想題。根據第二段的第一句"plantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets."植物作為生物體要保持熱量的平衡，之后的段落主要說明植物是如何保持熱量平衡的。所以本文主要圍繞植物吸收與散發(fā)熱量的平衡來展開說明。選項D正確。

第2題:根據第三段的內容可知，只要北極植物靠近地面，就能平衡熱量收支，如果北極植物過高，則會受到北極風的影響，從而無法從太陽吸收足夠的熱量。所以，北極植物長得矮主要是受北極的風影響，選項C正確。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據文章第四段第三句"Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating"它缺少水，所以不脫水就不能通過蒸發(fā)來冷卻自己。選項D符合原文。

第4題:細節(jié)判斷題。根據第三段的第一句"Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphere"。只有選項C沒有提及。

第5題:信息判斷題。根據第四段的內容可知選項A指的是沙漠植物而不是北極植物；根據倒數第二段的最后一句"Intropicalrainforests,...thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplants..."可知選項B正確；選項C描述的是北極植物；根據最后一段的第一句可知，不同地區(qū)的植物與季節(jié)相關，所以選項D也錯誤。

10.單選題

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareothermorecauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygenrichsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfurproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.

Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,drymouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.

Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdrymouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

6.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“____”.

7.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

8.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause____.

9.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause____.

10.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat____.

問題1選項

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

問題2選項

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfurrichfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

問題3選項

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

問題4選項

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

問題5選項

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.語義推測題。根據關鍵詞emanatefrom定位到原文第1段第2句Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareothermorecauses.（大多數情況下，難聞的口氣____口腔中的細菌，盡管還有其他原因。）從后半句“其他原因”推斷，前半句也是講的難聞的口氣產生的原因即口腔中的細菌。A選項“以某事為樂，因某事而有所成就（尤指別人不喜歡的事物）”，與語境不符，排除；B選項“導致”因果顛倒，排除；C選項“源自；來源于”，與原文相符；D選項“由……傳下來，起源于”，側重于介紹發(fā)展傳承，不符合語境，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

7.事實細節(jié)題。題干“下列哪項被認為是引起口臭的原因之一”可定位到原文中介紹口氣成因的第5段第1、2句Alcoholhunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexerciseanythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.（嗜酒、說話過多、運動時用嘴呼吸等任何會使口腔干燥的事都會產生口臭。壓力也是如此，盡管原因不明。）由此可知，D選項“精神緊張”（即壓力）是原因之一。A選項“口腔疾病”、B選項“含硫豐富的食物”、C選項“太多的鍛煉”（不是鍛煉太多，而是鍛煉是用嘴呼吸）都不是原文提及的原因。干擾選項B可定位到原文第4段最后一句Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfurproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.（例如，當我們睡覺時，唾液流變慢，產生硫的細菌占了上風，產生了經典的“早晨口氣”。）原文是說細菌產生硫，造成口氣，而不是食物中含硫豐富。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

8.推理判斷題。題干“根據文章，酒精與口臭有關，主要是因為____”可定位到原文最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.（如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多數情況下都是如此——它會使口腔干燥，從而加劇問題。）由此可知，因為酒精會使口腔干燥，從而加劇口臭。原文第3段第1句Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.（當唾液正常流動減慢時，口臭就會發(fā)生。）由此可知，口臭產生的原因是“唾液的正常流動減慢”。綜合來看，酒精使口腔干燥，使唾液的正常流動減慢，加劇了口臭，所以D選項“它會影響唾液的正常流動”符合原文表述。A選項“它阻止了有害細菌的繁殖”，與酒精加劇了口臭的事實相左，如果酒精阻止了有害細菌的繁殖的話，應該會緩解口臭，排除；B選項“它的氣味增加了口臭”，原文并未提及，排除；C選項“它殺死一些有益的細菌”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

9.題干“漱口水并不是治療口臭的有效方法，主要是因為____”可定位到原文最后一段第3、4、5句Somemouthwashes…underthicklayersofmucus.（一些漱口水聲稱可以殺死導致口臭的細菌。問題是，它們不一定能接觸到所有有害的細菌。在厚厚的黏液層下，大多數細菌都能很好地抵御漱口水。）由此可知，黏液層保護了細菌，導致漱口水不能接觸并殺死所有的有害細菌，從而不能有效的治療口臭，B選項“它們無法接觸到所有有害的細菌”，表述符合原文。干擾選項A“他們無法掩蓋這難聞的氣味足夠長的時間”可定位到最后一段第2句Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.（這種液體可以用自身的氣味掩蓋口臭，但效果不會超過一個小時。）由此可知，漱口水用自身的氣味掩蓋口臭，但這并不能治療口臭，所以這一點并非漱口水不是治療口臭的有效方法的原因，與B選項相比，更不是主要原因，排除；C選項“它們強烈的氣味和口臭混合在一起，使情況更糟”表述與原文相反，漱口水的氣味可以掩蓋口臭，排除；D選項“酒精對難聞的口氣的影響較小”，可定位到原文最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol-asmostdo-itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.（如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多數情況下都是如此——它會使口腔干燥，從而加劇問題。）由此可知，酒精會加重口臭，選項表述與原文不符，且并不是所有的漱口水都含有酒精，排除；因此，本題最佳選項為B。

10.推理判斷題。題干“我們可以從文章中推斷____”。A選項“口臭不容易治好”，可定位到原文第2段Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.（直到幾年前，大多數醫(yī)生能做的就是勸告有口臭的病人注意口腔清潔?，F在他們正在尋找新方法治療這種通常來說可以治愈的疾病。）由此可知，能治療口臭的方法很少，還有待研究。A選項符合原文，注意不能被后文第7段Formostofus,thesimple,drymouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.（對于我們大多數人來說，簡單的、口干的口臭很容易治愈。）誤導，這只是說大多數人來說，簡單的口臭很容易治愈；B選項“老年人不太會有口臭”，可定位到原文第6段第1句Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.（隨著年齡的增長，唾液的流動逐漸減慢，這就解釋了為什么老年人比年輕人有更多的口臭問題。）由此可知，老年人更容易有口臭，B選項與原文不符，排除；C選項“酗酒者受到口臭的影響較小”，可定位到原文第5段第1句Alcoholhunger…anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.（嗜酒……等使口腔干燥的事都會產生口臭。）由此可知，酗酒者受口臭影響大，C選項與原文不符，排除；D選項“酒精對口氣的影響較小”，可定位到原文最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol-asmostdo-itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.（如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多數情況下都是如此——它會使口腔干燥，從而加劇問題。）由此可知，酒精會加重口臭，D選項與原文不符，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

11.不定項選擇題

Whenyouchooseafreezer,rememberit’sprobablygoingtobewithyouforalongtime.Nosinglestyleorsizeisbest,soit’simportanttoknowwhichfreezerisrightforyourneeds.

First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficientbecauselesscoldairescapeswhentheyareopen.

Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost.Chestfreezersarealwaysmanual.Frostlessfreezersautomaticallydefrostatpresetintervalsandremovethewater.Manualmodelsmustbedefrostedbyhandeveryfewmonthsorwheneverfrostaccumulatestoaboutaquarterofaninch.

Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage,trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts.Draftsandheatwillraisethefreezer’scabinettemperatureandmakeitworkhardertokeepcool.Thatmeanswastedenergyandashortenedcompressorlife.

Dryairisimportantbecausehighhumiditycancausethefreezertorustoutsideandfrostupinside.Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.

Frostlessmodelsrequirelesscarethanmanualdefrostfreezers.Theinteriorofafrostlessunitshouldbewashedperiodicallywithwarmwaterandbakingsodaoramildsoap,rinsed,anddried.

Togetthemostfromyourfreezer,checkregularlytomakesureit’sprovidingatruezero-degreetemperature.

Keepthefreezeratleastthree-quartersfull.Theemptieritgets,themoreenergyiswaswasted.Ifmorethanthreepoundsoffoodpercubicfootofstoragespaceisaddedevery24hours,theresultinghighorlowtemperaturescandamagethefood.

1.WhichisNOTthedifferencebetweenuprightmodelfreezerandchestmodelfreezer?

2.Theunderlinedword“manual”inthethirdparagraphmeans（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,choosingthebestplaceforyourfreezermeans（

）.

4.WhichisNOTmentionedaboutthefactorswhichcaninfluencethelifespanoffreezers?

5.Whichstatementbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Anuprightmodeltakeslessroomontheground.

B.Anuprightfreezeriseasierforpeopletoputinandtakeoutfood.

C.Achestfreezerismoreeffectivethananuprightone.

D.Achestmodelneedmanualdefrostwhileanuprightoneneedn’t.

問題2選項

A.man-made

B.automatic

C.usinghands

D.everlasting

問題3選項

A.puttingitinanunheatedgarageifpossible

B.tryingtokeepitawayfromheat,drafts,andhumidity

C.locatingitnearasinkifitisamanual-defrostmodel

D.locatingitascloseaspossibletothekitchendoor

問題4選項

A.Humidity

B.Propercare

C.Theamountofstorage

D.Surroundingtemperature

問題5選項

A.Itdiscussestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffreezers.

B.Ittellsthemosteco