考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昆明理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto______ones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)turbulent“混亂的”，B項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的”，C項(xiàng)vulnerable“易受攻擊的”，D項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。根據(jù)句子意思“謠言無(wú)處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽(yù)，把平靜的局面變成……”可知，空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：謠言無(wú)處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽(yù)，使平靜的局面變得動(dòng)蕩不安。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Amongthemanysubjectsinschool,mathematicsisprobablythemost（）one,dependingleastonastudent’sbackgroundandculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.universal

B.abstract

C.arbitrary

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在學(xué)校的許多科目中，數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門(mén)，因?yàn)樗z毫不會(huì)取決于學(xué)生的文化背景。

考查形容詞辨析。universal普遍的，通用的，全世界的；abstract抽象的，純理論的;arbitrary任意的，武斷的，專(zhuān)制的;concrete實(shí)在的,具體的。根據(jù)后面句意“因?yàn)樗z毫不會(huì)取決于學(xué)生的文化背景”可知這里應(yīng)該指數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門(mén)學(xué)科。

3.單選題

Studiesshowthatthethingsthatcontributemosttoasenseofhappinesscannotbebought（

）agoodfamilylife,friendshipandworksatisfaction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asfor

B.inviewof

C.incaseof

D.suchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。asfor意為“關(guān)于”；inviewof意為“由于，鑒于”；incaseof意為“萬(wàn)一，如果”；suchas意為“例如”。

句意：研究表明，能夠極大地給人幸福感的東西不能買(mǎi)到，例如好的家庭生活、友誼和工作滿(mǎn)足感。

4.單選題

Peoplewithmoretimidpersonalitiesmustbeencouragedto（

）andtogiveorders.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.getthrough

B.playsafe

C.takecharge

D.standby

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。getthrough“通過(guò)，完成”；playsafe“謹(jǐn)慎行事”；takecharge“掌管，負(fù)責(zé)”；standby“袖手旁觀”。句意為：必須鼓勵(lì)那些更加靦腆的人擔(dān)起責(zé)任并發(fā)號(hào)施令。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Thenewsthatthecompanyisbeingtakenoverbyforeigninvestorshasseverely（）thestockmarkets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vibrated

B.swung

C.trembled

D.jolted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。vibrate“使震動(dòng)，使搖擺”，指急速地連續(xù)震動(dòng)，也指鐘擺等來(lái)回?cái)[動(dòng)；swing“使搖擺，使旋轉(zhuǎn)”；tremble“發(fā)抖，顫動(dòng)”；jolt“使震驚，使顛簸”。句意：公司被國(guó)外投資者接管的消息深深震驚了股市。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.寫(xiě)作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonTheBasicPurposeofCollegeEducation.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture;

2.Othersarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】ThePurposeofHigherEducation

Whatisthepurposeofhighereducation?Thisisundoubtedlyadebatableissue,sopeoplehaveamixedresponsetoit.

Recently,theeducationalcircleinChinahaslaunchedaheateddiscussionconcerningthepurposeofhighereducation.Accordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneducationalorganization,45percentofteachersandstudentsbelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture.Theyholdtheviewthattheculturalheritagesofmankind,whethertheyaretangibleorintangible,shouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Soteachersandstudentshavetheirresponsibilitiesandobligationstopreserve,developandtransmitourintellectualculture.Theyshouldbedevotedtoachievingthisgoalonalong-termbasis.

Onthecontrary,55percentofteachersandstudentsarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs.Theymaintainthatinstitutionsofhigherlearningshouldcultivatestudents’creativityandworkingskillswhilegivingthemknowledge.Withpracticalskills,theycanearntheirbreadinahighlycompetitiveworld.Inotherwords,iftheknowledgestudentshaveacquiredisnotconducivetotheirjobhunting,what’stheuseofacquiringknowledge?

Inmyopinion,ifwelaidtoomuchemphasisonthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture,ourstudentswouldlosetheiropportunitiestocultivateworkingskillsandthusruntheriskofbecomingbookworms.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesstressedthecultivationofworkingskillstoomuch,studentswouldbeshortofintellectualculture.Whatreallycountsiskeepingabalancebetweentheformerandthelatter.It’sidealforourstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway.

7.單選題

Wearegoodatinventingwaytoenlargeourrealm.Repeatedlywefindmethodsofspreadingfarther.Ifanelementisforbidding,wedeviseameanstomasterit.Reachingthecontinentalshores,wedevelopedship-buildingandnavigationalskillsinordertocrossoceans.Shiveringatarcticweather,wedesignedforclothingandsnugsheltersinordertoedgenorthward.And,havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime.Althoughbeingwakefulatnightfloutedournaturalrhythms,wedevelopedartificiallightingthatletusbeactiveafterdark.

Aneraisnowunderwayinwhichwearereplacingourcycliccommunitywithactivitiesthatneverstop.Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.Meanwhile,isolatedindividualsbendoverbooksandpapersondesksintheirhomes,watchtelevisionaftermidnight,orwalkinthestreetsandlistentothenightbreathe.

ThisextensionacrossallhoursofthedayresemblesourspreadingacrossthefaceoftheEarth.Lookatbothtrendsfromenoughperspectiveindistanceandtimeandtheyappearalike.Hoverfarabovetheplanetandwatchitasitspinsthroughouttheeras.Withtheplanet’ssurfaceindaylight,littlehumansettlementscanbeseentogrowlargerastheyearsgobyandsmallextensionsappearattheiroutskirts.Watchthesurfacewhenitisinnightandatfirstsomepinpointsoflightflickerforawhileandthengoout.Afteragespass,thoselightbecomestronger;theystayonlonger,andotherglimmeringsappearnearby.Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.Butbothareadvancinginorder.

Bothformsofexpansionarefrontiers.Afrontierisanewsourceofresourcesthatpeopleuseforsubsistenceorforprofit.Itisalsoasafetyvalveforpeoplewhofeelconfined.Theydisperseinresponsetopressuresathomeandtoappealingopportunitieselsewhere.

Now,venturingintothenight,wehavethesamemotivesasourpredecessorswhomigratedgeographically.Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.Thechancetoexploitfacilitiesthatareleftidlealsoarousesourinitiativetousemoreofthenight.Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.Otherslooktoittobetterthemselveseconomically.Itisnoaccidentthatpersonalmotivesforreliefandopportunityaresimilartothecausesofexpansionforthecommunityasawhole.Thosearetheage-oldforcesbehindallmigrations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.TheexamplestheauthorcitesinPara.2(“Thereis…night”)illustrateablurringof（

）

3.Incontext,theuseof“Look”,“Hover,”and“Watch”(inPara.3)isintendedto（

）.

4.InPara.3,"both"mostdirectlyrefersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesprovidesthebestexampleofthe"waytomultiply"asdiscussedinthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuadereaderstoincreasetheiruseofnighttimehours

B.arguethatconstanthumanactivityisharmfultoindividualsandgroups

C.explorehowthechanginguseoftimeisrelatedtothehistoryofhumanexpansion

D.critiquethewayinwhichchanginglaborpatternshavecometodominatehumanlife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ambitionandgreed

B.solitudeandcompanionship

C.theusesofnighttimeandofdaytime

D.thepurposesofworkandofrecreation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.warnreadersofthethreatofunboundedmigration

B.invitereaderstoimaginehumanhistoryvisually

C.preparereaderstoanticipatechangeanditsconsequences

D.promotetheuseofnighttimehoursforworkorleisureactivities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.workerproductivityandnationalwealth

B.scientificknowledgeandindividualwell-being

C.competingworkdemandsandavailabletime

D.inhabitedspaceandusabletime

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Conductingeveningclassesinpublicschoolbuildings

B.Keepingmunicipalofficesopenduringthelunchhour

C.Enforcingcurfewlawsinresidentialneighborhoods

D.Addingmorebuildingstoafactorycomplex

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.本題是問(wèn)這篇文章的寫(xiě)作目的，A項(xiàng)意為“為了規(guī)勸讀者多加利用他們的午夜時(shí)間”；B項(xiàng)意為“為了討論持續(xù)的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)個(gè)人和團(tuán)體是有害的”；C項(xiàng)意為“為了探討對(duì)于不斷利用時(shí)間與人們擴(kuò)張的歷史之間是如何聯(lián)系的”；D項(xiàng)意為“為了批判不斷變化的勞動(dòng)方式已經(jīng)主宰了人類(lèi)的生活”。本題可通過(guò)文中出現(xiàn)的“spreading”、“edgenorthward’’、“Thisextensionacrossallhoursoftheday”以及“Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.日以繼夜地，幾千年以來(lái)，給我們揭示了人們的定居點(diǎn)不斷擴(kuò)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及天黑之后照明工具的延長(zhǎng)”等都表明了本文的寫(xiě)作目的是分析人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的擴(kuò)張與利用時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.本題是問(wèn)第二段中所舉的例子表明的意思。A項(xiàng)意為“野心和貪婪”；B項(xiàng)意為“孤獨(dú)和陪伴”；C項(xiàng)意為“夜間和白天時(shí)間的利用”；D項(xiàng)意為“工作和娛樂(lè)的目的”。由第二段中的“Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.工廠(chǎng)普遍實(shí)行輪班制。機(jī)場(chǎng)、加油站、旅館、餐館和廣播電臺(tái)都在不停地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。保險(xiǎn)公司和銀行的數(shù)據(jù)處理部門(mén)整夜都在忙碌。”列舉了一些需要倒班的工作，所以舉例的目的是為了說(shuō)明人類(lèi)對(duì)于夜間和白天時(shí)間的充分利用，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.A項(xiàng)意為‘提醒讀者無(wú)限遷移的所帶來(lái)的威脅’；B項(xiàng)意為，‘邀請(qǐng)讀者從視覺(jué)上想象人類(lèi)的歷史‘；C項(xiàng)意為‘為讀者做好預(yù)期的變化和后果的準(zhǔn)備’；D項(xiàng)意為‘推廣在工作或者休閑活動(dòng)中對(duì)于夜間時(shí)間的利用‘。題目中所給詞look意為“看”;hover意為“盤(pán)旋”；watch意為“觀察，觀看”，這三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)均與B項(xiàng)中的“visually（視覺(jué)上的）”對(duì)應(yīng)。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.A項(xiàng)意為“工人的生產(chǎn)力和國(guó)家財(cái)富”；B項(xiàng)意為“科學(xué)知識(shí)和個(gè)人幸?！?；C項(xiàng)意為“充滿(mǎn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的工作需求和可利用的時(shí)間”；D項(xiàng)意為“居住空間和可利用的時(shí)間”。根據(jù)第一段中的‘havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime’在第一次占領(lǐng)了世界上大部分的可用空間后，我們正在填補(bǔ)其可用的時(shí)間和第二段最后一句‘Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.’表面不是均勻地被占據(jù)的。時(shí)間并不是統(tǒng)一的?？芍猙oth是指空間上和時(shí)間上的占有，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.A項(xiàng)意為“在公立學(xué)校里設(shè)立夜校課程”；B項(xiàng)意為“在午飯時(shí)間開(kāi)放市政辦公”；C項(xiàng)意為“在住宅社區(qū)施行宵禁法”；D項(xiàng)意為“添加更多的工廠(chǎng)建筑”。文中最后一段提到了‘Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.在白天已經(jīng)非常擁擠了，容納量趨于緊張?！@個(gè)擁擠是指一些空間場(chǎng)所。再結(jié)合“Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.一些人不喜歡白天的騷動(dòng)，渴望夜晚的寧?kù)o”，以及文中‘Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.’對(duì)waytomultiply的定義就是更多地利用同一個(gè)空間，所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).

ThereportisaboutPh.D.programs,whichhavebeenindeclinesince2008.Theseprogramshavegottenbothmoredifficultandlessrewarding:today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.

Thecoreoftheproblemisthejobmarket.TheMLAreportestimatesthatonlysixtypercentofnewly-mintedPh.D.swillfindtenure-trackjobsaftergraduation.Ifanything,that’swildlyoptimistic:theMLAgottothatfigurebycomparingthenumberoftenure-trackjobsonitsjoblistwiththenumberofnewgraduates.Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.

Differentpeoplewilltellyoudifferentstoriesaboutwhereallthejobswent.Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird—thatundergrads,turnedoffbyanoverlytheoreticalapproach,don’twanttoparticipateanymore,andthatteachingopportunitieshavedisappearedasaresult.Otherspointtothecorporatizationofuniversities,whichareincreasinglyinclinedtohirepart-time,“adjunct”professors,ratherthanfull-time,tenure-trackprofessors,toteachundergrads.Adjunctsarecheaper；perhapsmoreimportantly,theyareeasiertohire.

Thesetrends,inturn,arepartofanevenlargerstoryhavingtodowiththeexpansionandtransformationofAmericaneducationaftertheSecondWorldWar.Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.Beforethewar,relativelyfewpeoplewenttocollege.Then,inthenineteen-fifties,theBabyBoompushedcollegestogrowrapidly,bulkinguponprofessorsandgraduateprograms.Whentheboomendedandenrollmentsdeclined,collegesfoundthemselvesoverextendedandcompetingforstudents.Bythemid-seventies,schoolswereseekingoutnewconstituencies—amongthem,womenandminorities—andcreatingnewprogramsdesignedtoattractabroaderrangeofstudents.

Thosereformsworked:abouttwiceasmanypeopleattendcollegepercapitanowastheydidfortyyearsago.Butallthatexpansionchangedcolleges.Inthepast,theyhadcateredtoelitestudentswhowerehappytomajorinthetraditionalliberalarts.Now,toattractmiddle-classstudents,collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness.Asaresult,humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity.

1.Whatdoestheword“appreciate”meaninParagraph1?

2.WhathasmadePh.D.programsunpopular?

3.TheMLAreportabouttheemploymentrateistoooptimisticbecauseit（

）.

4.Universityjobopeningsarediminishingduetothefactthat

（

）.

5.AccordingtoParagraph5,theAmericaneducationalinstitutions（

）overthepastdecades

.

6.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhatcurrentliberalartsmajors（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Enjoy.

B.Overlook.

C.Investigate.

D.Understand.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theynolongersaveyourtime.

B.Theycannotguaranteeasecurejob.

C.Theyarecompetitiveandtime-consuming.

D.Theyarenotsubsidizedbythegovernment.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.overestimatesthejobmarket

B.failstoaccountforformergraduates

C.doesnotincludeallkindsofjobs

D.excludesnewly-graduatedPh.D.s

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thescaleofuniversitiesisshrinking

B.adjunctprofessorsarelikelytotakefull-timejobs

C.fewerundergraduateswanttomajorinhumanities

D.sometheoreticalapproacheshavebeenprovenwrong

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.haveresultedintenure-trackprofessors

B.haveattractedmoremaleandelitestudents

C.havebeenexpandingtooverseascountries

D.havebeguntoofferavarietyofvocationalprograms

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.aremoredesirablethaneverbefore

B.willcatertomiddle-classstudents

C.arelessappealingthanbusinessmajors

D.areascompetitiveasbusinessmajors

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:C

【解析】1.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段第一句。根據(jù)“EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).（每個(gè)人都知道英語(yǔ)系有麻煩了，但是在你讀到來(lái)自現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言協(xié)會(huì)(MLA)的報(bào)告之前，你很難理解到底有多大的麻煩。）”句中appreciate與句中know為同義詞，即“理解，明白”的意思。從而得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位在原文第二段第一句到第二句。根據(jù)“today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.（如今，獲得博士學(xué)位可能需要近十年的時(shí)間，而且，在你的課程結(jié)束時(shí)，你不太可能找到一個(gè)終身職位。）”從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“MLAreport”將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段最后一句。根據(jù)“Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.（但這還不包括過(guò)去幾年來(lái)仍在找工作的數(shù)千名失業(yè)畢業(yè)生。）”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird”“overlytheoreticalapproach”“teachingopportunitieshavedisappeared”（一些批評(píng)家認(rèn)為人文學(xué)科已經(jīng)變得太奇怪了，“過(guò)于理論化的方法”，“教學(xué)機(jī)會(huì)已經(jīng)消失了”）”,即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.（從本質(zhì)上講，大學(xué)變得不那么精英化，而是更加職業(yè)化。）”即可得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness（大學(xué)不得不提供更多以職業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的專(zhuān)業(yè)，比如商科）”“humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity（人文學(xué)系發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在遠(yuǎn)離大學(xué)的中心）”即可得出本題答案。

9.翻譯題

貫穿我們整個(gè)歷史，我們一直在考察星星，思考人類(lèi)是否是唯一的高級(jí)生命，還是也許在黑暗的夜空某一處，還有其他生命，宇宙中同輩思想家，也和我們一樣在思考和在懷疑。這類(lèi)生命可能不同于我們看待他們自己和宇宙。那里也許會(huì)有異乎尋常的生物學(xué)、技術(shù)和社會(huì)。在這人們難以想象的廣袤而古老的宇宙蒼穹中，我們是有點(diǎn)孤寂，我們思考著我們小而精微的藍(lán)色星球的最終意義，假如有意義的話(huà)。探索來(lái)自外星的信息就是為人類(lèi)探索能接受的宇宙淵源背景。從深層意義上說(shuō)，探索外星的信息就是探索我們自己。隨著人們?cè)絹?lái)越投身于這一嚴(yán)肅的探索事業(yè)，一個(gè)稍帶否定含義但很有趣的音符出現(xiàn)了。最近，有一些科學(xué)家提出一個(gè)難以解釋的問(wèn)題：如果外星來(lái)的信息量很大，那我們?yōu)槭裁礇](méi)有看出其表現(xiàn)的形式呢？

【答案】【參考譯文】

Throughallofourhistory,wehaveponderedthestarsandmusedwhetherhumanityisuniqueorifsomewhereelseinthedarkofthenightsky,thereareotherbeingswhocontemplateandwonderaswedo,fellowthinkersinthecosmos.Suchbeingsmightviewthemselvesandtheuniversedifferently.Theremightbeveryexoticbiologyandtechnologyandsociety.Inacosmicsettingvastandoldbeyondordinaryhumanunderstanding,wearealittlelonely,andwepondertheultimatesignificance,ifany,ofourtinybutexquisiteblueplanet.Thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisthesearchforgenerallyacceptablecosmiccontextforthehumanspecies.Inthedeepestsense,thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisasearchforourselves.Alongwiththegrowingdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasmergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundant,whyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?

10.單選題

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheir

part,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngand

old,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interpreting

B.beinginterpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.interpreted

【答案】D

【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)interpreting動(dòng)詞的分詞形式，表示主動(dòng)；B選項(xiàng)beinginterpreted動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的分詞形式；C選項(xiàng)tobeinterpreted動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不定式，表示將來(lái)或打算；D選項(xiàng)interpreted動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。句意：最重要的是，這說(shuō)明了經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、政治變化如何發(fā)揮作用，從而，正確理解應(yīng)該是，…分析句子可知空格前的內(nèi)容與interpret之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且應(yīng)該是過(guò)去發(fā)生，而不是正在發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生，D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Livingconstantlyintheatmosphereofslave,hebecameinfected（）theunconscious（）theirpsychology.Noonecanshieldhimself（）suchaninfluence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on...by...at

B.by...for...in

C.from...in...on

D.through...with...from

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。infectsb.withsth.“用……感染……”是固定搭配；shieldfrom“庇護(hù)使免遭……”也是固定搭配；through表示感染渠道。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

交流促進(jìn)發(fā)展。一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長(zhǎng)期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實(shí)上，在現(xiàn)代國(guó)家中，絕對(duì)不受外來(lái)影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國(guó)的著名歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)寫(xiě)道：“任何國(guó)家的文明，來(lái)自外來(lái)影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國(guó)的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國(guó)文化中任何受外國(guó)影響或來(lái)源于外國(guó)的東西剔除掉，那么，英國(guó)的文化就所剩無(wú)幾了?！?/p>

事實(shí)也近乎如此。中國(guó)古代的四大發(fā)明曾經(jīng)給古代世界的文化發(fā)展以巨大的推動(dòng)。漢唐文化對(duì)朝鮮、日本等毗鄰國(guó)家的文化發(fā)展，更是給予了深刻而又久遠(yuǎn)的影響。同樣，近代和現(xiàn)代西方的許多重要科學(xué)成果，也改變了并繼續(xù)改變著當(dāng)代中國(guó)人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

13.翻譯題

41.人類(lèi)社會(huì)中的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)大體源于兩方面的缺乏。第一是資源的缺乏：爭(zhēng)奪對(duì)國(guó)家安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要的稀缺戰(zhàn)略資源往往是一國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的重要?jiǎng)右?。第二是信任的缺乏：這種缺乏常常導(dǎo)致國(guó)家在宗教、文化、意識(shí)形態(tài)等方面的持續(xù)對(duì)抗，并由此引發(fā)軍事沖突。

42.一方面，投資的滯后牽制了經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)，而另一方面，持續(xù)的消費(fèi)熱在一定程度上緩解了經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退。

43.大學(xué)里學(xué)到的知識(shí)還相當(dāng)粗淺，研究生階段才開(kāi)始研究學(xué)問(wèn)，但在這個(gè)時(shí)期也只能算是初涉學(xué)術(shù)，更加注重的應(yīng)是領(lǐng)悟研究的方法。

【答案】41.Warsinhumansocietyariselargelyfromtwodeficiencies.Thefirstisthelackofresources:thescrambleforscarcestrategicresources,whicharevitaltonationalsecurityandeconomicdevelopment,isoftenanimportantmotivationforacountrytolaunchawar.Thesecondisalackoftrust:thislackhasoftenledtoongoingrivalriesbetweencountriesoverreligion,culture,ideology,etc.,whichleadstomilitaryconflicts.

42.Ontheonehand,thelagofinvestmenthasheldbackeconomicgrowth,whileontheother,thesustainedconsumptionboomhasalleviatedtheeconomicrecessiontoacertainextent.

43.Whatyouareimpartedduringuniversityissomethingquitesuperficial,andtheresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarejusttheplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttasteoflearningwhereemphasisisonresearchmethodologyandpractice.

14.單選題

Thisemphasisonan"English"traditionhascomeundercontinuousattackduringthelasttwentyyearsorso;duringtheirundergraduatetrainingmanyyoungteachersofEnglishwillhavediscussedtheassumptionsthatunderliesuchconcernforourcultural（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhabitants

B.heritage

C.inheritors

D.hereditary

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inhabitant“居民”，heritage“遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)；繼承權(quán)”，inheritor“繼承人；后繼者”，hereditary“遺傳類(lèi)”。句意：在他們的本科培訓(xùn)中，許多年輕的英語(yǔ)老師將討論這些假設(shè)，這些假設(shè)是我們對(duì)文化傳統(tǒng)關(guān)心的基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn.WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofcountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityofeducationoutcomes—allthingthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakers,whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress

1.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

4.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.praisedtheUKforitsGDP

B.identifiedGDPwithhappiness

C.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP

D.hadalowopinionofGDP

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern

B.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy

C.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK

D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator

B.Itissponsoredby163countries.

C.Itscriteriaarequestionable

D.Itsresultareenlightening

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom

B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline

C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP

D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissue

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.HighGDPbutInadequateWell-being,aU.Klesson

B.GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

C.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

D.Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile”提到肯尼迪對(duì)于GDP的看法，他說(shuō)一個(gè)國(guó)家的GDP可以衡量的是除了使生命變得有價(jià)值之外的每件事，言下之意就是GDP是沒(méi)有意義的?？梢?jiàn)他對(duì)GDP是持否定態(tài)度的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段以英國(guó)為例來(lái)說(shuō)明GDP數(shù)值好并不代表國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)好，也不代表國(guó)民的生活好，不然為什么會(huì)有那么多人支持脫歐（Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?）選項(xiàng)C“GDP作為衡量成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在英國(guó)不被廣泛認(rèn)同”符合題意。

3.文章第三段第一句Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion提到最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于各國(guó)及其將經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化為福利的能力的年度研究揭示了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D符合題意，“結(jié)果具有啟發(fā)性”。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段再一次提到肯尼迪對(duì)GDP的看法，他指的是盡管?chē)?guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）是衡量各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的最常用方法，但作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這已經(jīng)不夠了。它沒(méi)有把其他一些重要的因素比如環(huán)境質(zhì)量或教育成果包括進(jìn)來(lái)，由此可以推測(cè)選項(xiàng)C符合題意，“把GDP以外的一些因素考慮進(jìn)來(lái)”。

5.文章第一段通過(guò)肯尼迪對(duì)于GDP的消極觀點(diǎn)引出原文，并通過(guò)英國(guó)脫歐這個(gè)案例來(lái)引出考慮GDP這個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制的好壞。接下來(lái)通過(guò)英國(guó)的例子指出GDP好并不代表國(guó)家發(fā)展好。最后指出這是每一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家需要得到的教訓(xùn)。選項(xiàng)A“英國(guó)的教訓(xùn)——高GDP，低幸?！狈项}意。

16.單選題

Inaworldthataimstoeliminatehungeranddisparitiesinwealth,globeequilibriumisvital.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.equity

B.balance

C.inequality

D.discretion

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，這里是消除貧富差距。disparities意為“差異，不一致”。equity公平，公正；balance平衡，勻稱(chēng)；inequality不平等，不同；discretion謹(jǐn)慎，考慮周到。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

17.單選題

Shesaysmorethanone______dismissedfromthiscompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeen

B.shouldbe

C.hasbeen

D.hadbeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她說(shuō)這家公司應(yīng)該解雇的不止一個(gè)人。morethanone表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但是使用單數(shù)形式，A選項(xiàng)havebeen錯(cuò)誤?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，可能持續(xù)發(fā)生下去，這里沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響，C選項(xiàng)hasbeen錯(cuò)誤。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，對(duì)過(guò)去的某一點(diǎn)造成的某種影響或是結(jié)果，用來(lái)指在另一個(gè)過(guò)去行動(dòng)之前就已經(jīng)完成了的事件，這里也不是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)hadbeen錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)shouldbe在這里表示猜測(cè)，是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Youareaccident________becauseyou’reabitcarelessinwhatyoudo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proof

B.oriented

C.inclined

D.prone

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proof能抵御的，可防護(hù)的B.oriented以……為方向的，重視……的

C.inclined有傾向的，有可能的D.prone有做……傾向的，易于遭受……的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和上文的“accident（事故）”共同構(gòu)成形容詞作表語(yǔ)，because引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“你做事有點(diǎn)粗心大意（careless）”，所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果應(yīng)該是容易出事故。prone指容易遭受某事，有做某事的傾向，因此D選項(xiàng)prone“有做……傾向的；易于遭受……的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)proof“能抵御的，可防護(hù)的”指能抵抗某物的破壞性或有害影響的，與題干語(yǔ)義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“容易出事故”而不是“能抵御事故”；

B選項(xiàng)oriented“以……為方向的，重視……的”指關(guān)心、面向某個(gè)特定的事物，不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)inclined“有傾向的，有可能的”指主觀意愿上傾向于做某事，想要做某事，不能和“accident（事故）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意