考研考博-英語-北海藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北海藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexamplewereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworldmostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonal-health.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modemmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois（

）.

2.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”inAmericansociety

（

）.

3.Thetopicoffatismanyothertaboosubjects

（

）.

4.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”fatis“out”，thismeans

（

）.

5.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thisis“inside”，fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”，fatis“l(fā)azy”

C.thinis“youthfill”，fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”，fatis“unfashionable”

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。關(guān)于taboo的解釋在第一段:Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior(你知道，這樣的行為從某種意義上說是不對(duì)的，并且其他人不會(huì)接受)。故選C(社會(huì)認(rèn)為不可接受的行為)。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime。因此文章認(rèn)為一些過去不被人們認(rèn)同的現(xiàn)象以及一些禁忌，通常在經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后會(huì)慢慢地被人們接受。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞manyothertaboosubjects定位至第三段:Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly(和其他的禁忌不同，肥胖的話題是美國(guó)人一直在討論著的)。故選B。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thinis“in”fatis“out”定位至第三段最后一句,這段表明了美國(guó)社會(huì)對(duì)瘦的追求,對(duì)肥胖的貶斥。由此推測(cè)答案選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段可知,美國(guó)人鍛煉身體一方面是為了保持苗條的身材和年輕的外形，另一方面還在于鍛煉身體和保持身體健康之間的關(guān)系。故選B.

2.單選題

Theconceptofobtainingfreshwaterfromicebergsthataretowedtopopulatedareasandaridregionsoftheworldwasoncetreatedasajokemoreappropriatetocartoonsthanreallife.Butnowitisbeingconsideredquiteseriouslybymanynations,especiallysincescientistshavewarnedthatthehumanracewilloutgrowitsfreshwatersupplyfasterthanitrunsoutoffood.

Glaciersareapossiblesourceoffreshwaterthathasbeenoverlookeduntilrecently.Three-quartersoftheEarth’sfreshwatersupplyisstilltiedupinglacialice,areservoirofuntappedfreshwatersoimmensethatitcouldsustainalltheriversoftheworldfor1,000years.Floatingontheoceanseveryyearare7,659trillionmetrictonsoficeencasedin10000icebergsthatbreakawayfromt?hepolaricecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.

Hugeglaciersthatstretchovertheshallowcontinentalshelfgivebirthtoicebergsthroughouttheyear.Icebergsarenotlikeseaice,whichisformedwhentheseaitselffreezes,rather,theyareformedentirelyonland,breakingoffwhenglaciersspreadoverthesea.Astheydriftawayfromthepolarregion,icebergssometimesmovemysteriouslyinadirectionoppositetothewind,pulledbysubsurfacecurrents.Becausetheymeltmoreslowlythansmallerpiecesofice,icebergshavebeenknowntodriftasfarnorthas35degreessouthoftheequatorintheAtlanticOcean.Tocorralthemandsteerthemtopartsoftheworldwheretheyareneededwouldnotbetoodifficult.

Thedifficultyarisesinothertechnicalmatters,suchasthepreventionofrapidmeltinginwarmerclimatesandthefunnelingoffreshwatertoshoreingreatvolume.Buteveniftheicebergslosthalfoftheirvolumeintowing,thewatertheycouldprovidewouldbefarcheaperthanthatproducedbydesalinization,orremovingsaltfromwater.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Howareicebergsformed?

3.Withwhichofthefollowingideaswouldtheauthorbelikelytoagree?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmosticebergs（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themovementofglaciers.

B.Icebergsasasourceofwater.

C.Futurewatershortages.

D.Thefutureoftheworld’srivers.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theybreakofffromglaciers.

B.Seawaterfreezes.

C.Riversfreeze.

D.Smallpiecesoffloatingicefunneling.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Pullingicebergstodryareasiseconomicallypossible.

B.Removingsaltfromwateristhebestwaytoobtaindrinkingwater.

C.Usingwaterfromicebergsisaveryshort-termsolutiontowatershortage.

D.Icebergscouldnotbepulledveryfarbeforetheywouldmelt.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becomepartofglaciers

B.drifttowardthepolarregion

C.moveinwhicheverdirectionthewindisblowing

D.meltintheoceans

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?1.這篇文章的主題是什么？

A.Themovementofglaciers.A.冰川的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

B.Icebergsasasourceofwater.B.作為水源的冰山。

C.Futurewatershortages.C.未來的水資源短缺。

D.Thefutureoftheworld’srivers.D.世界河流的未來。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)首尾兩段核心句，首段最后一句中的“……人類淡水供應(yīng)的增長(zhǎng)速度將超過食物供應(yīng)的增長(zhǎng)速度”，以及尾段最后一句“即使冰山在拖曳過程中失去了一半的體積，它們所能提供的水也遠(yuǎn)比通過脫鹽或從水中除去鹽來獲得的水便宜”，從中可知，本文主要講的是冰川作為一種被忽視的淡水資源。B項(xiàng)“作為水源的冰山”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“冰川的運(yùn)動(dòng)”、C項(xiàng)“未來的水資源短缺”只是部分提及，以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“世界河流的未來”沒有提到，無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Howareicebergsformed?2.冰山是如何形成的？

A.Theybreakofffromglaciers.A.它們從冰川斷裂。

B.Seawaterfreezes.B.海水凍結(jié)。

C.Riversfreeze.C.河流凍結(jié)。

D.Smallpiecesoffloatingicefunneling.D.小塊的浮冰匯集。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第二句“冰山不像海水的冰，海水的冰是由海水本身結(jié)冰形成的；冰山完全是在陸地上形成的，當(dāng)冰川延伸到海洋時(shí)就斷裂了”，可知，當(dāng)冰川延伸到海洋時(shí)，它就會(huì)斷裂形成冰山，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“海水凍結(jié)”是海水的冰的形成過程，張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“河流凍結(jié)”原文未提及，無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“小塊的浮冰匯集”，原文第二段三句雖然提到“每年有7659萬億公噸冰漂流在海洋中”，但是與冰山的形成無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Withwhichofthefollowingideaswouldtheauthorbelikelytoagree?3.作者可能同意下列哪一種觀點(diǎn)？

A.Pullingicebergstodryareasiseconomicallypossible.A.從經(jīng)濟(jì)上講，把冰山拉到干旱地區(qū)是可行的。

B.Removingsaltfromwateristhebestwaytoobtaindrinkingwater.B.除去水中的鹽分是獲得飲用水的最好方法。

C.Usingwaterfromicebergsisaveryshort-termsolutiontowatershortage.C.從冰山中取水是解決水資源短缺的一種非常短期的方法。

D.Icebergscouldnotbepulledveryfarbeforetheywouldmelt.D.冰山被拉不了多遠(yuǎn)就會(huì)融化。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)一二句“由于冰山比小塊的冰融化得慢，因此在大西洋中，冰山曾向北漂流到赤道以南35度的地方。把它們趕到世界上需要它們的地方不會(huì)太困難”以及末段最后一句“即使冰山在牽引的過程中失去一半的體積，它們所能提供的水也要比用脫鹽法產(chǎn)生的水便宜得多”，從中可推斷，實(shí)際操作上，把冰山趕到世界上需要它們的地方不會(huì)太困難，從經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度看，即使?fàn)恳綍?huì)使得冰山失去一半體積，但是冰山提供的淡水比用其他方法獲得淡水更便宜，也就是說把冰山拉到干旱地區(qū)是可行的。故A項(xiàng)“從經(jīng)濟(jì)上講，把冰山拉到干旱地區(qū)是可行的”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“除去水中的鹽分是獲得飲用水的最好方法”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，脫鹽法不是獲得飲用水的最好方法，該項(xiàng)反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“從冰山中取水是解決水資源短缺的一種非常短期的方法”，根據(jù)第二段第二句“全球四分之三的淡水供應(yīng)被鎖在冰川中，冰川就是一個(gè)蓄水池，其中未開發(fā)的淡水量非常巨大，足夠支持全世界的江河達(dá)一千年，冰川中的淡水量都能夠支持江河一千年”可知，冰山中的淡水量非常巨大，怎么會(huì)是短期辦法，該項(xiàng)反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“冰山被拉不了多遠(yuǎn)就會(huì)融化”，根據(jù)最后一段第一句“困難出現(xiàn)在其他技術(shù)問題上，例如防止在較暖的氣候中迅速融化，以及把大量淡水收集到岸上”，文章是說冰山被拉到溫暖的地方的時(shí)候可能會(huì)快速融化，溫暖地區(qū)肯定離冰山地區(qū)很遠(yuǎn)了，但選項(xiàng)中的veryfar與溫暖地區(qū)是不對(duì)等的，所以該項(xiàng)反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmosticebergs______.4.從文章中可以推斷出，大多數(shù)冰山______。

A.becomepartofglaciersA.成為冰川的一部分

B.drifttowardthepolarregionB.漂向極地地區(qū)

C.moveinwhicheverdirectionthewindisblowingC.順著風(fēng)吹的方向移動(dòng)

D.meltintheoceansD.融化在海洋中

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容“難題出在其他技術(shù)問題上，比如如何防止冰山在較暖的氣候中迅速融化以及如何把大量的淡水收集到岸上去。但是，即使在拖曳的過程中冰山失去了一半體積，這樣做也遠(yuǎn)比從海水中脫鹽得到的淡水便宜。”，從中我們可知，由于技術(shù)問題，在拖曳冰山的過程中，冰山會(huì)逐漸融化，人們無法有效利用冰山的淡水資源，所以推斷，從極地地區(qū)拖曳冰山到溫暖的地區(qū)肯定是中途在海洋里就融化了，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“成為冰川的一部分”，原文第三段的第二句指出“……冰山是完全在陸地上形成的，當(dāng)冰川伸展到海面時(shí)，冰山就斷裂下來”，也就是說，冰山是冰川延伸到海面斷裂后形成的，而不是它的一部分，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“漂向極地地區(qū)”，原文第三段第三句提到“當(dāng)它們漂離（driftawayfrom）極地時(shí)……”，可知，冰山會(huì)漂離極地地區(qū)而不是漂向，該項(xiàng)反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“順著風(fēng)吹的方向移動(dòng)”，原文第三段第三句提到“冰山有時(shí)候會(huì)在次表層洋流的推動(dòng)下頗為神秘地逆風(fēng)移動(dòng)（oppositetothewind）”，從中可知，冰山是逆風(fēng)漂流，該項(xiàng)反向干擾。

3.單選題

ThefamouswriterwasborninHerbamsted,whichwas_______towntobeonthemap.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tooasmall

B.atoosmall

C.asmalltoo

D.toosmalla

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定句型。too+形容詞+a+名詞單數(shù)+todo。句意：這位著名的作家生于Herbamsted，這個(gè)地方太小，地圖上都沒有。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Therehavebeensomespeculationsattimesastowhowilltakeoverthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.atpresent

C.bynow

D.forsure

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。attimes表示“有時(shí)，偶爾”；A項(xiàng)onoccasion“有時(shí)，偶爾”，B項(xiàng)atpresent“目前，現(xiàn)在”，C項(xiàng)bynow“到目前為止”，D項(xiàng)forsure“確實(shí)，毫無疑問”。句意：關(guān)于誰將接管公司，不時(shí)有一些猜測(cè)。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoil—thebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”inPara.2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad’sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers

B.Farmers

C.Europeans

D.Citydwellers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位在第二段中Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.（在美國(guó)工業(yè)化的過程中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的發(fā)展是鐵路的發(fā)展。）以及全文都在介紹影響美國(guó)工業(yè)化的因素（如鐵、煤和石油等原材料、勞動(dòng)力等）綜合而知，C選項(xiàng)“影響美國(guó)工業(yè)化的因素”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的鐵路發(fā)展史”，B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)主要的工業(yè)中心”及D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)在19世紀(jì)的角色”在文中均未提及，可排除。故選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第二段中TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.（鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張，直到美國(guó)的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng)，這些鋼鐵絲狀物將原材料產(chǎn)地，原材料的生產(chǎn)和配送中心連在一起。）由此可知，美國(guó)的鐵路路線多，且像蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。因此B選項(xiàng)“去描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“去強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗”，C選項(xiàng)“去解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來的問題”，D選項(xiàng)“去描述原材料配送中涉及的困難”均不符合題意，可排除。故選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章的第三段Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.（工廠的這些產(chǎn)品很快被居住了工人和批發(fā)商的城市所消耗。）工廠產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者是居住在那里的人。因此D選項(xiàng)“城市居住者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”，B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”，C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”，均不符合題意，可排除。故選D。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段中AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.（美國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)趕得上美國(guó)城市的需求，且仍然有剩余以銷售到歐洲的工業(yè)中心。）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們不能為城市生產(chǎn)足夠的食物”錯(cuò)誤，與原文不符。也能夠知道C選項(xiàng)“他們將食物銷售到歐洲國(guó)家”正確，與原文相符。由第三段中的倒數(shù)第二句Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.（城市人口的增加得益于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的增加，反過來，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)因新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用而變得更多產(chǎn)）可知B選項(xiàng)“他們通過使用新機(jī)械而提高了生產(chǎn)力”正確，與原文相符。由最后一段中ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.（工廠運(yùn)行和鐵路建設(shè)的勞動(dòng)力部分來自美國(guó)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，那里的人正被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械所取代，一部分來自于亞洲，一部分來自歐洲。）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們由于機(jī)械化而失去了一些工作”，正確，與原文相符。故選D。

6.單選題

Whenyourdogdoesanythingyouwantto（）,youwaittillhedoesitandthenbeathim.Thisisthewayjudgesmakelawsforyouandme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakhimof

B.breakhimoff

C.breakhimfree

D.breakhimup

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析。breaksb.of“使戒除（某習(xí)慣）”；breaksb.off“分離，中斷”；“breaksb.free“擺脫對(duì)方防守”；breaksb.up“關(guān)系破裂”。句意：當(dāng)你的狗做了任何你想要打它戒除的事情，你要等它做了，然后打它。這就是法官為你我制定法律的方式。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

WhenBritishvotersgotothepollsduringGeneralElectionstodecidewhowillgovernthem,theyusuallyhaveachoiceofatleastthreecandidateswhowilleachrepresentoneofthethreemainpoliticalpartiesinBritaintoday.

TheLaborPartyisthepartyoftheleft,theToryorConservativePartyrepresentstherightandbetweenthetwo,withpoliticsandopinionsofitsown.isthesmallerLiberalParty.

Britainisdividedintoover600politicalunitsknownas“constituencies’’，eachwithitsowncandidateswhostandforParliamenthopingtobeelected(orre-elected)withlargemajorities.ThecitiesandlargetownsarethemselvesdividedintoconstituenciesandtheyalsochoosetheMembersofParliament(MPs)whowillrepresenttheirviewsintheHousesofParliamentatWestminster.Here,inthe"House",thegovernmentofthedayledbyitsPrimeMinisterandhisCabinetateamofspeciallyselectedministers——carriesoutitsdutiesofgoverningthecountry.Variousproposalsareputforwardfordebateanddiscussionandthesemay,eventually,becomepartofthelawoftheland.Thegovernmentinofficehastofacethecriticismoftheotherpartieswhichareinopposition.ThisisthesortofdemocraticprocessthatthemajorityofBritishpeopleseemtofavor.HerMajesty'sGovernmentiswatchedoverbyHerMajesty'sOpposition,andthusacertainbalanceofpowerismaintained.Decisionsaremadebyamajorityvoteandthis,ofcourse,iswheretheotherparties,theLiberals,theNationalandRegionalparties(suchastheScottishorWelshNationalParty),andotherindependentpartiescanexercisetheirinfluence.Someissuesmaybedecidedonamerehandfulofvotes.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theLiberalPartycouldbedescribedas（

）.

2.Aconstituencyis

（

）.

3.HowcantheotherpartiesexercisetheirinfluenceinParliament，accordingtothepassage?

4.TheCabinetis

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

6.Theappropriatetitleforthispassageis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apartywithpoliciesofitsown

B.theonlysmallpartywithindependentviews

C.averyinfluentialparty

D.asmallpartywithnocentralpolicy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aplacewheretheGeneralElectionisheld

B.apoliticalareafoundonlyinthelargertowns

C.anarearepresentedbyanMPinParliament

D.anareaofthecountry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Byremainingindependent.

B.Bysupportingvariousproposalsputforwardbythemajorparties.

C.ThroughtheMembersofParliamenttheyhavechosen.

D.Throughtheircombinedvotingpower.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thePrimeMinistries'privateoffice

B.aministerialgroupassistingthePrimeMinister

C.anygroupofMPswithspecialresponsibility

D.aspeciallychosenteamofministersfromallthreepoliticalparties

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritishvotersusuallyhaveachoiceamongatleastthreecandidates.

B.ThethreemajorpartiesofBritainaretheLaborParty,TheToryParty,andtheConservativeParty.

C.Thegovernmentinofficehastofacevariouskindsofcriticismfromtheoppositionparties.

D.Theresultofthevoteisdecidedbytheopinionofthemajorityofvoters.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritishvotingSystem

B.Britishvoters

C.TheThreeMajorPartiesofBritain

D.HerMajesty’sGovernment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:...andbetweenthetwo,withpoliticsandopinionsofitsown,isthesmallerLiberalParty(而介于這個(gè)兩個(gè)政黨之間的是較小的自由黨，其有自己政治和觀點(diǎn)),故A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)擁有自己政治的政黨”符合原文所述。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:ThecitiesandlargetownsarethemselvesdividedintoconstituenciesandtheyalsochoosetheMembersofParliament(MPs)whowillrepresenttheirviewsintheHousesofParliamentatWestminster(這些城市和大的城鎮(zhèn)各自分為多個(gè)選區(qū)，并且他們會(huì)選舉自己的國(guó)會(huì)議員，以在位于威斯敏斯特的國(guó)會(huì)大廈中代表自己的觀點(diǎn)),故C項(xiàng)“由一個(gè)國(guó)會(huì)議員所代表的地方”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Decisionsaremadebyamajorityvoteandthis,ofcourse,iswheretheotherparties,theLiberals,theNationalandRegionalparties（suchastheScottishorWelshNationalParty）,andotherindependentpartiescanexercisetheirinfluence(（政府的）決策由大多數(shù)選票來決定，當(dāng)然這一點(diǎn)也是其它政黨如自由黨，其它獨(dú)立黨派能施加他們的影響的地方),故選D“通過聯(lián)合起來的投票權(quán)”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:...thegovernmentofthedayledbyitsPrimeMinisterandhisCabinetateamofspeciallyselectedministers—carriesoutitsdutiesofgoverningthecountry(由政府總理和總理的內(nèi)閣（一組專門選定的大臣）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的政府執(zhí)行管理國(guó)家的責(zé)任),由此可知內(nèi)閣是“協(xié)助總理的大臣團(tuán)體”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:英國(guó)選民通?？梢栽谌缓蜻x人中做出選擇,第一段指出:...theyusuallyhaveachoiceofatleastthreecandidates...(他們一般有至少三位候選人),故A項(xiàng)符合原文所述。B:英國(guó)的三大政黨為：工黨、托利黨和保守黨,第二段指出:TheLaborPartyisthepartyoftheleft,theToryorConservativePartyrepresentstherightandbetweenthetwo,withpoliticsandopinionsofitsown,isthesmallerLiberalParty(工黨是左翼政黨，托利黨（或保守黨）是右翼政黨，而介于這個(gè)兩個(gè)政黨之間的是較小的自由黨，其有自己政治和觀點(diǎn)),故B項(xiàng)與原文不符。C:執(zhí)政黨需要面對(duì)來自在野黨的各種指責(zé),最后一段指出:Thegovernmentinofficehastofacethecriticismoftheotherpartieswhichareinopposition(執(zhí)政黨不得不面對(duì)在野黨的指責(zé)),故C符合原文。D:選舉的結(jié)果由大多數(shù)選民的意見來決定,第三段指出:Britainisdividedintoover600politicalunitsknownas“constituencies”，eachwithitsowncandidateswhostandforParliamenthopingtobeelected（orre-elected）withlargemajorities(英國(guó)被分為600多個(gè)政治選區(qū)，每個(gè)選區(qū)都有代表議會(huì)的自己的候選人，且這些人希望被大多數(shù)選民選舉（或再次被選舉）),故D正確。因此本題選B。

6.主旨大意題。主要講英國(guó)的選舉制度以及在野黨怎樣通過選票來施加自己對(duì)執(zhí)政黨的影響等,故A項(xiàng)“英國(guó)的選舉制度”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

8.單選題

Theyaccepttheimperativeofnewtechnology,butwanttointroduceitinwaysthatprotectasmuchoftheirexistingbusinessaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.necessity

B.inevitablecoming

C.stateofart

D.novelty

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.necessity必然；必要B.inevitablecoming不可避免的未來

C.stateofart工藝水平；工藝現(xiàn)狀

D.novelty新奇；新穎

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子，imperative在句中是作名詞，本意是“重要緊急的事；必要的事”，在這里theimperativeofnewtechnology是指新技術(shù)的必要性，imperative在該句中表示“必要性”，A項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】他們接受新技術(shù)的必要性，但希望以盡可能保護(hù)現(xiàn)有業(yè)務(wù)的方式引入新技術(shù)。

9.單選題

Fromhisdirections,itshouldn'tbedifficultto（

）thebeachhouseinthemap,eventhoughyouhaveneverbeentherebefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.determine

B.locate

C.unearth

D.ascertain

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。determine“確定某事物，決定”；locate“找出;使坐落于”；unearth“發(fā)掘，掘出”；ascertain“確定，查明”。句意：根據(jù)他的指示，你不難在地圖上找到那棟海濱別墅的地點(diǎn)，即使你從來沒有去過那個(gè)地方。

10.單選題

The______ofConfuciusbuiltthetempleinmemoryoftheirancestor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.correspondents

D.opponents

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”；B選項(xiàng)predecessors“前任；前一代”；C選項(xiàng)correspondents“通訊員”；D選項(xiàng)opponents“對(duì)手”。句意：孔子的______建造這座廟來紀(jì)念他們的祖先。根據(jù)語境，在這里孔子的后代紀(jì)念孔子比較合理，A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Byturningthisknobtotherightyoucan____thesoundfromtheradio.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensify

B.amplify

C.enlarge

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.intensify（使）加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；加劇B.amplify放大；增強(qiáng)（聲音等）

C.enlarge擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)充D.reinforce加固

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：把這個(gè)旋鈕向右轉(zhuǎn)，你就可以……收音機(jī)的聲音。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，此處應(yīng)該是放大收音機(jī)的聲音。B選項(xiàng)指放大聲音，符合語境，因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)intensify“（使）加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；加劇”，指在程度或深度上增強(qiáng)，而句中指的是放大聲音，并不是增強(qiáng)聲音，該選項(xiàng)不符合語境；

C選項(xiàng)enlarge“擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)充”，指使……變大，該處強(qiáng)調(diào)放大聲音，C選項(xiàng)并沒有特指放大聲音。而B選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音的放大，對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)更合適；

D選項(xiàng)reinforce“加固”，指使堅(jiān)固，尤指通過添加另一種材料使結(jié)構(gòu)或材料更堅(jiān)固，該選項(xiàng)不符合語境。

【句意】把這個(gè)旋鈕向右轉(zhuǎn)，你就可以放大收音機(jī)的聲音。

12.單選題

CoxRadio,oneofthenation’slargestradiochains,planstoitstieswithindependentrecordpromotersto_______distanceitselffromapayola-likepracticethatrunsrampantinthemusicbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consolidate

B.tout

C.sever

D.splash

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“consolidate”意為“鞏固，使固定；聯(lián)合”；B選項(xiàng)“tout”意為“兜售；招來；刺探賽馬情報(bào)”；C選項(xiàng)“sever”意為“割斷，斷絕；分開；使分離”；D選項(xiàng)“splash”意為“潑灑；把（水、泥等）潑在……上；（在水中）濺著水花行走”。句意：考克斯廣播公司是美國(guó)最大的廣播連鎖之一，它計(jì)劃與獨(dú)立唱片推廣商合作，以擺脫在音樂界猖獗的類似賄賂的做法。由題干可知，apayola-likepractice（類似賄賂的做法），廣播公司肯定是不愿意接受賄賂的做法，所以他們要擺脫這種行為，與這種做法斷絕關(guān)系。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Aidedbytherecentabilitytoanalyzesamplesofairtrappedglaciers,scientistsnowhaveaclearerideaoftherelationshipbetweenatmosphericcompositionandglobaltemperaturechangeoverthepast160,000years.Inparticular,determinationofatmosphericcompositionduringperiodsofglacialexpansionandretreat(coolingandwarming)ispossibleusingdatafromthe2,000-meterVostokicecoredrilledinAntarctica.Thetechniqueinvolvedissimilartothatusedinanalyzingcoresofmarinesediments,wheretheratioofthetwocommonisotopesofoxygen,180and160,accuratelyreflectspasttemperaturechanges.IsotopicanalysisofoxygenintheVostokcoresuggestsmainglobaltemperaturefluctuationsofupto10degreescentigradeoverthepast160,000years.DatafromtheVostokcorealsoindicatethattheamountofCarbondioxidehasfluctuatedwithtemperatureoverthesameperiod:thehigherthetemperature,thehighertheconcentrationofcarbondioxideandthelowerthetemperature,thelowertheconcentration.Althoughchangeincarbondioxidecontentcloselyfollowschangeintemperatureduringperiodsofdeglaciation,itapparentlylagsbehindtemperatureduringperiodsofcooling.Thecorrelationofcarbondioxidewithtemperature,ofcourse,doesnotestablishwhetherchangesinatmosphericcompositioncausedthewarmingandcoolingtrendsorwerecausedbythem.ThecorrelationbetweencarbondioxideandtemperaturethroughouttheVostokrecordisconsistentandpredictable.Theabsolutetemperaturechanges,however,arefrom5to14timesgreaterthanwouldbeexpectedonthebasisofcarbondioxide’sownabilitytoabsorbinfraredradiation,orradiantheat.Thisreactionsuggeststhat,quiteasidefromchangesinheat-trappinggases,commonlyknownasgreenhousegases,certainpositivefeedbacksarealsoamplifyingthetemperaturechange.Suchfeedbacksmightinvolveiceonlandandsea,clouds,orwatervapor,whichalsoabsorbradiantheat.OtherdatafromtheVostokcoreshowthatmethanegasalsocorrelatescloselywithtemperatureandcarbondioxide.Themethaneconcentrationnearlydoubled,forexample,betweenthepeakofthepenultimateglacialperiodandthefollwinginterglacialperiod.Withinthepresentinterglacialperiodithasmorethandoubledinjustthepast300yearsandisrisingrapidly.Althoughtheconcentrationofatmosphericmethaneismorethantwoordersofmagnitudelowerthanthatofcarbondioxide,itcannotbeignored:theradiativepropertiesofmethanemakeit20timesmoreeffective,moleculeformolecule,thancarbondioxideinabsorbingradiantheat.Onthebasisofasimulationmodelthatclimatologicalresearchershavedeveloped,methaneappearstohavebeenabout25percentasimportantascarbondioxideinthewarmingthattookplaceduringthemostrecentglacialretreat8,000to10,000yearsago.

50.Thepassageprovidesinformationtosupportwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmethane?

51.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestherelationshipbetweencarbondioxideandglobalt