考研考博-英語-山西大學考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onceyouhaveaddedupthefiguresinthebudgetplan,youwillhaveto（）incometaxtoarriveatthenetspendingamountavailabletoyou.

問題1選項

A.divide

B.deduct

C.multiply

D.add

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。divide“分開”；deduct“扣除;減去”multiply“乘；使增加”；add“增加”，addto“加入，增加”。句意：一旦你把預算計劃中的數(shù)字加起來，為了得出你可利用的凈支出金額，你將不得不加入所得稅。D項符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Oncampus,youwillquicklydiscoverthatanimportantpartofthecultureisawillingnesstostayengagedwithproblemsandarguments,tokeeppushingforasharedvocabularyandasharedunderstanding.Youwillencounterapost-Enlightenmentsensibility,underwhichmoreandmorecornersofhumanexperiencearesusceptibletocriticalanalysisanddebate.Fewerandfewerdomainsoflifefeellikemattersofpurelypersonaltaste—chocolateorvanilla—thingsthataretruly“just,like,youropinion.”Andyouwillfindyourselfspendingmanyhours,lateatnightandearlyinthemorning,searchingforthatsharedunderstanding.Andhereyouwilldiscoveroneoftheuniversity’sgreatstrengthsasacommunity.Itdoesn’ttakemuchworktosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisprettymuchlikeyou.Butittakesrealefforttosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisdifferent.Themostprofoundoptimismunderlyinghighereducationtodayisthesimultaneousrecognitionthat,ontheoneband,differencesofview,background,andperspectivearerealandimportant,and,ontheotherhand,peoplewhoholdthosedifferencescancometogetherforfouryearsonabeautifulhilltop,listentooneanotherwithtoleranceandrespect,andengage.

【答案】參考譯文：

在校園，你將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)校園文化的一個重要組成部分，那就是愿意面對問題和爭論，為共享的詞匯和共享的理解而不斷努力。你們將面對后啟蒙時代的感性，在這種感性力量下，人類經(jīng)驗中越來越多的角落容易受到批判性分析和辯論的影響。生活中越來越少的領域感覺像純粹個人品味的事情，例如選擇巧克力味或香草味，這些事情才是真正的“只是你的觀點”。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會為了尋求共享的理解而花很多時間，通宵達旦。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)大學作為一個團體的偉大力量之一。和一個與你相似的人達成共同的理解并不需很大的工夫，但是要和一個與你不同的人達成共識就不是什么容易的事了?，F(xiàn)今的高等教育最值得樂觀的一點是，同時意識到了這兩個方面：一是不同的看法、背景和觀點很重要；二是那些持有不同觀點的人們能相聚在一起，在一個美麗的山頂共處四年，相互容忍，相互尊重和相互影響。

3.單選題

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis______translation.

問題1選項

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.homogeneous同種類的B.simultaneous同時發(fā)生（或進行）的；同步的

C.instantaneous立即的；立刻的D.spontaneous自發(fā)的；非籌劃安排的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵信息whileaforeignplayisbeingperformed（在外國戲劇上演時）和translation可推知，在看戲劇時，解決語言問題的辦法就是同聲傳譯，simultaneoustranslation表示“同聲傳譯”，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】在外國戲劇上演時，解決語言問題最成功的方法就是同聲傳譯。

4.寫作題

High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmail,telephoneandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication.

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.

【答案】Nowadaysnoonewoulddoubtthatelectroniccommunicationmediareachamuchbiggeraudienceataspeedthatpalesevenforerunnersafewdecadesago.However,whethersuchhighspeedmeansastelevisionande-mailhavehandicappedmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunicationhasbeencalledintodoubt.Infact,oneneedsnottogofartofindthatthesedoubtsaregroundless.

Farfrombeinganimpediment,highspeedelectronicmediastepupthecommunicationofmeaningfulandinsightfulideas.Inprevioustimes,mostofcommunicationwascarriedoutbymaildeliveredbypostmenhurryingincartspulledbyhorses.Thiswasundoubtedlyslowandfullofmistakesinaddressinganddelivery.Thingsbecameworseifweatherwasinclement.In19thcentury,greatwriters,suchasTolstoy,BalzacandMoiposson,spentmonthswaitingforimportantresponsesfromtheirpublishersandpeerfriends.However,whatisneedintheeraofe-mailisaclicktosendaninsightfulreview,abrilliantideaoranenlighteningpapertotheotherhemisphere.

Besides,itinvolvedprohibitivecostsofmoneyandtimetogetthoughtfulworks,whetheraplay,anovelormusicalcomposition,toalargeaudiencethatthegreatnessoftheworksoughttoreach.Bestsellersbyscintillatingnames,forexample,Dickens,Dumas,Hugo,hardlyapproachedthethresholdofamillion.TodayTVsandInternetcanplacenovels,dramaorthoughtsatthefocusofnationalattentionwithinminutes.Neverhasitbeenmoreconvenienttoconductthoughtfulandmeaningfulcommunicationwithhighspeedelectronicmediaastoday.

Notonlydohighspeedelectronicmediacontributemuchtoquicklycommunicatingthoughtfulandmeaningfulideasorworks,theyalsoenhancetheirproduction.TVsandInternetopenupnewfieldsofperceptionandbroadenourhorizon,bringingmyriadsofnewknowledgebeforeourinquiringminds.Withtherichnessandcompletenessofinformationavailable,wearemorereadytocomeupwithmeaningfulandholisticideassinceinsularityhampersperceptionandyieldsbigotry.What'smore,thevividnessofTVsandhighlyinteractivenatureofe-mailhelpdrawcloserthemindsofpeopleofdifferentskincolorsandnationalities,fosteringcuriosityandasenseofunity.Thisinturnpromotesthereadinesstoahigherstageofmeaningfulandin-depthcommunication.IntheHollywoodclassicYou'veGotMail,TomHanksandMegRyandemonstrateswhatanamazingaltitudecommunicationthroughemailcanreach.Meaningfulnessandinsightalwaysresultfromthesamethings—perceptionandloveoftruth,candorandtrust,andreadinesstoshareideasandskillinself-expression.Theeaseandrichnessofhighspeedelectronicmediaaddnewstrengthtothesethingsinbringingforthinsightsincommunication.

Admittedly,therearelotsoftrashadsandunwholesomecontentsinTVshowsande-mails,whichconstituterealthreatstomeaningfulcommunication.ButweshouldnotbalkatpromotingtheusageofemailorwatchingTVprograms.Weshouldseethetremendousjointeffortsbyemailserviceproviders,TVprogramproducersandlegislationtogetridoftrashinformationthatstandsinthewayofcustomerrightsandmeaningfulcommunication.ThehopeforacleanandclearspacebothinTVandcyberspaceisgrowingbigger.

Highspeedelectronicmediaareblessingformeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication,thoughtherearespotsthatmaymartheirperfection.Weshouldembracethemandhelpthemgrowwholesomely.

5.單選題

問題1選項

A.Hestayedupverylateattheparty.

B.Hedidn’tgohomeaftertheparty.

C.Hesuffersfromsleeplessness.

D.Heusedtobeinpoorhealth.

【答案】A

【解析】3.W:Youlooksobad.What’sup?

M:Myheadisspinning.Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.IguessIjustcan’ttakelatenightslikeIusedto.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：有關這個男人，下列哪一項是正確的？由文中“Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.（昨天晚上我和一群朋友玩到很晚，直到三點才散。）”，可知A選項“Hestayedupverylateattheparty.（他熬夜參加聚會到很晚。）”符合原文。B選項“聚會結束后他沒有回家”；C選項“他失眠”；D選項“他過去身體不好”不符合原文。

6.單選題

JimFixhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoon_51_thebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbookTheCompleteBookofRunningwaspublished.Hisbook_52_millionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows.Hepraisedthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowit_53_andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswas_54_thatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupporters_55_thattherealcauseofFix’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfather_56aheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFix’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.

“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”_57_heartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“The_58_canbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,_59_iftheyrunmarathons._60_,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”

問題1選項

A.praised

B.favored

C.reaped

D.applied

問題2選項

A.inspired

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題3選項

A.compatibly

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

問題4選項

A.endurance

B.evidence

C.supplement

D.allowance

問題5選項

A.rewrote

B.revised

C.reversed

D.revealed

問題6選項

A.obtained

B.sustained

C.suffered

D.surpassed

問題7選項

A.acknowledges

B.pledges

C.communicates

D.apologizes

問題8選項

A.consequence

B.impact

C.weight

D.press

問題9選項

A.explicitly

B.particularly

C.commonly

D.singularly

問題10選項

A.However

B.Furthermore

C.Moreover

D.Also

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】51.考查邏輯關系。由前面句意“JimFix在20世紀60年代開始跑步時，曾是一名煙民，體重214磅”和后面句意“他的體重減少了60磅”可知此處表示跑步帶來的好處，因此填reap（取得（成果），收獲）。

52.考查邏輯關系。由前面可知JimFix在出版書時，通過跑步體重減少了60磅，這是一件正面積極的事，可知此處表示他的書鼓勵了其他人，因此選A。

53.考查邏輯關系。由空格后的andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy（并提高人的平均壽命）可知D選項最為恰當，表示“運動是怎樣回報人的，以及增加人均壽命”。

54.考查名詞辨析。endurance意為“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意為“證據(jù)，跡象”；supplement意為“補充”；allowance意為“津貼，補貼”。此處表示很多反對他的人說他的死是證明跑步有害的證據(jù)，因此選B。

55.考查動詞辨析。rewrite意為“重寫，改寫”；revise意為“修改（意見或計劃），修訂（書刊）”；reverse意為“顛倒，使反轉”；reveal意為“揭示，顯示”。此處表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心臟病”，因此選D。

56.考查動詞辨析。obtain意為“獲得，得到”；sustain意為“維持，保持”；suffer意為“遭受”；surpass意為“超過”。此處表示“他的父親在35歲時遭受心臟病”，因此選C。

57.考查動詞辨析。acknowledge意為“承認”；pledge意為“保證，誓言”；communicate意為“溝通，交流”；apologize意為“道歉，認錯”。此處表示“PaulThomas承認跑步的不足之處”，因此選A。

58.考查名詞辨析。consequence意為“結果，成果”；impact意為“影響”；weight意為“重量”；press意為“壓，按”。此處表示“對膝蓋的影響會比較大”，因此選B。

59.考查副詞辨析。explicitly意為“明白地，明確地”；particularly意為“特別，尤其”；commonly意為“通常地”；singularly意為“非常地”。此處表示“跑步的人在訓練中的風險更大，尤其是如果他們跑馬拉松的話”，因此選B。

60.考查邏輯關系。由空格后的thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad（對于跑步者來說，這個消息并不全是壞消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之處，可知此處表示對比，因此選A，however意為“然而”，可表示轉折關系。

7.單選題

However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto________someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.

問題1選項

A.overturn

B.overtake

C.offset

D.oppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“推翻”；B選項“超過”；C選項“抵消，彌補”；D選項“壓迫”。句意：然而金屬制品工業(yè)能夠（）鋼鐵工業(yè)的衰退。由于金屬制成品產(chǎn)業(yè)和鋼鐵工業(yè)不存在競爭關系，甚至會存在某種互補關系，所以A，B，D排除，答案選C。

8.單選題

Thesurgicalinstrumentshavetobe（

）beforeusetopreventinfection.

問題1選項

A.heated

B.scalded

C.sterilized

D.burned

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。heat意為“加熱，變熱”；scald意為“燙傷”；sterilize意為“消毒，滅菌”；burn意為“燃燒”。由句中后面的目的狀語topreventinfection（為了預防感染）可知Thesurgicalinstruments（手術器械）應該消毒，因此選C。

句意：手術器械使用前必須消毒，以防感染。

9.單選題

Eventoday,acenturyafterPasteurdevelopedthefirstvaccine,rabiesalmostalwayskills（

）intheearlieststagesofthedisease.

問題1選項

A.itsvictimsunlessinoculated

B.thevictimsunlessthereisaninoculation

C.thevictimsunlessinoculated

D.itsvictimsunlesstheyareinoculated

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法結構。unless后面接條件狀語從句，首先排除A、C項，句意要表達的是如果受害者能接種疫苗，而不是狂犬病被接種疫苗。句意：即使在今天，巴斯德開發(fā)出第一種疫苗后的一個世紀，狂犬病幾乎總能殺死受害者，除非在疾病的早期階段接種疫苗。故B項正確。

10.單選題

Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate（）_.

問題1選項

A.bore

B.bored

C.boredom

D.bordom

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞語辨析。A、B、C個選項屬于同根詞?？崭袂笆莄reate動詞，因此應填入名詞。bore“孔；令人討厭的人”；bored“無聊的；煩擾”，沒有名詞用法；boredom“厭倦；令人厭煩的事物”；bordom屬于錯詞。句意：電子技術的影響最初是給人帶來焦慮?，F(xiàn)在它似乎在制造……。因此C選項符合題意。

11.單選題

9.

問題1選項

A.Togoshopping.

B.Togobacktowork.

C.Tochangetheirtopic.

D.Toentertaintheirguests.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Here,youtwoguy,youarefuckingshotagain.It’snotveryentertainingorwise.

M:Yes,thanksforadvisingus.It’stimetoenjoylife.

Q:Whatmightthemendoaccordingly?

【解析】對話中女士說：youarefuckingshotagain，意思是并沒有那么有意思。因此男士可能會“改變話題”從而“享受生活”。

12.單選題

Therain（）ourspiritsbecausewewereplanningtogoforapicnic.

問題1選項

A.decreased

B.dampened

C.moistened

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:下雨我們的熱情，因為我們本來要去野餐。Decreased降低，減少；dampened使...受挫；moistened弄濕；hampered妨礙。我們本來想去野餐，但是下雨妨礙了我們?nèi)ヒ安偷臒崆?。故選D。

13.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonCellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow.

1.Thepresentsituation;

2.Itsadvantages;

3.Itsdisadvantages;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】CellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandinformationindustry,cellphonesplayanimportantroleinpeople’s,especiallytownspeople’slife.But,likeeverythingelse,theyareamixedblessing.

First,it’suseful.Asawirelesstelephone,itcanbecarriedanywhereonewantstogoandcanbeusedtocallthecalleehoweverfarawayheorsheis.Therefore,itgreatlyfacilitatespeople’slife.Second,it’sconvenient.Wheneveronegetsintotroubleormeetssomethingurgent,onecanaskforhelpbymakingaphonecallimmediately.Mostimportantofall,it’saveryhelpfulcompanion.Withamultifunctionalcellphoneinhand,onecaneasilylogon,browsingusefulinformation,conductingE-commerceanddoingwhateveronecandoviatheInternet.

However,justaseverythinghastwosides,thecellphonealsohasmanydisadvantages.First,itmayaffectothers’attention.Forexample,somepeopleusetheircellphoneswhilelisteningtoalectureorattendingameeting,whichundoubtedlydistractstheattentionofothers,thusseriouslyaffectingtheatmosphereofthelectureorthemeeting.Second,itdoesmoreharmtoprimaryschoolstudentsandevenjuniormiddleschoolstudents.Manyofthemdonotknowhowdifficultitisfortheirparentstoearnmoney,theywastealotofmoneychattingwiththeirfriendsorgettingontheNetbymeansoftheircellphones.Worstofall,quiteanumberofadulttesteescheatontheirtestsbyusingtheircellphones.

Inmyview,itisunreasonableandimpossibletobantheuseofcellphonesamongyoungstudents.Whatreallycountsistousecellphonesontherightoccasions.SoIstronglysuggestforbiddingturningonthecellphoneinclass,ontestsoratmeetings.Anothersuggestionistoforbidprimaryschoolstudentsandjuniormiddlestudentstousecellphonesintheirschoolsonweekdays.Ofcoursetheycanusetheirsathomeorelsewhereonweekends.

14.單選題

Sheputanextrablanketoverthebabyforfearthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.hecatchescold

B.heshouldcatchcold

C.hecaughtcold

D.becatchingcold

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Forfearthat后面要用虛擬語氣，表示“唯恐”，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Theunrulycrowdbecameevenmore____whenthenegotiatortriedtoquietthem.

問題1選項

A.boisterous

B.bombastic

C.boorish

D.bloated

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.boisterous喧鬧的B.bombastic浮夸的

C.boorish粗俗的D.bloated腫脹的

【答案】A

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】該句主語為“沒有規(guī)矩的人群”，空格處所填詞受more“更加”修飾，指“不守規(guī)矩的人群更加____”。根據(jù)后文“當談判代表試圖讓他們安靜下來（quietthem）時”可知，人群很吵鬧，因此，人群應該是變得更加“吵鬧”，A選項boisterous“喧鬧的”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】當談判代表試圖讓這群不守規(guī)矩的人安靜下來時，他們變得更喧鬧了。

16.單選題

Wehavenotyetbeeninformed（）.

問題1選項

A.concerningtheonewhobrokethewindow

B.abouttheidentityoftheindividualwhoisresponsibleforbreakingthewindow

C.ofthewindow-breaker

D.astowhobrokethewindow

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞inform的用法，inform一般和介詞of或about構成搭配，informsb.(of/aboutsth.)表示“知會；通知；通告”，因此C項正確。句意：關于誰是破窗而入者，我們還未接到通知。

17.翻譯題

Whileithasgraduallybeenintegratedintotheglobalsupplychain,China’smanufacturingsectorhashadtoconfrontenormouschallenges.Intermsofcapacityforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,Chinaranks28thoutof49majorcountriesaroundtheglobe.WiththatrankingChinaisnotonlybehindthedevelopedworld,butalsobehindBrazil,Indiaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Inrecentyears,withgrowingamountsofdirectforeigninvestmentandtheadventofglobalization,multinationalshavequickenedthepaceoftechnologytransfers,affordingthecountryanopportunitytolearnthelatesttechnologies.

【答案】雖然中國已經(jīng)逐漸進入全球供應鏈，但其制造業(yè)不得不面對巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。就科技創(chuàng)新能力而言，中國在全球49個主要國家中排名第28位。按照這樣的排名，中國不僅落后于發(fā)達國家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些發(fā)展中國家。近年來，隨著外商直接投資的增加和全球化的到來，跨國公司加快了技術轉讓步伐，為中國提供了學習最新技術的機會。

18.單選題

ForitsfirstLondontour,Moscow’sSovrenmenniktheatercompany（）offwiththeplayitwasfirstallowedtostageaftercensorshipwaseasedinthecountry.

問題1選項

A.turned

B.kicked

C.made

D.switched

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。turnoff“關閉”；kickoff“開始干某事”；madeoff“逃走”；switchoff“關掉”。句意：在審查制度放松后，第一次倫敦巡演，莫斯科蘇維瑞門尼克劇院第一次開始被允許在舞臺上表演。選項B符合題意。

19.單選題

Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkills________peopleeachyearthanautomobileaccident.

問題1選項

A.sevenmoretimes

B.seventimesmore

C.overseventimes

D.seventimes

【答案】B

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的用法。根據(jù)關鍵詞than，我們可以知道答案選“A+倍數(shù)+形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+B”的變形。more和over一般是放在倍數(shù)后面，所以A，C選項排除。D選項不符合語法。

20.單選題

WhatyouoverheardthatdaydidhavesomethingtodowithMartin（

）.

問題1選項

A.inaway

B.intheway

C.ontheway

D.outoftheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inaway意為“在某種程度上”；intheway意為“妨礙”；ontheway意為“在途中，接近”；outoftheway意為“偏遠”。句意：你那天無意中聽到的事確實與馬丁在某種程度上有關。

21.單選題

Itisreportedthatthegovernmentisgoingtoimposeataxonfuelswhich______globalwarming.

問題1選項

A.attributeto

B.tributeto

C.contributeto

D.relateto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。attributeto“把……歸因于”；tributeto“向……致敬”；contributeto“有助于”；relateto“涉及，有關”。句意：據(jù)報道，由于全球變暖，政府將征收燃料稅。選項A符合題意。

22.單選題

Theyhadto________theirfailuretoalackofpreparation.

問題1選項

A.blame

B.dedicate

C.attribute

D.conclude

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.blame責怪，指責B.dedicate奉獻，投身

C.attribute歸因，歸于D.conclude推定，得出結論

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“failure（失敗）”構成動賓邏輯，表示他們不得不怎么樣自己的失敗，并且要能夠和to搭配。由“alackofpreparation（準備不足）”可知，這是他們失敗的原因，所以空格處應該是表達將失敗的原因歸于準備不足。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意為“把……歸因于，認為……是由于”，因此C選項attribute“歸因，歸于”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項blame“責怪，指責”，blamesth.onsth.指將不好的事歸罪、歸咎于某事物，不能和to進行搭配；

B選項dedicate“奉獻，投身”，dedicatesth.tosth.指在某一特定活動或目標上投入大量的時間和精力，不能和“failure（失?。边M行搭配；

D選項conclude“推定，得出結論”指根據(jù)所見所聞做出決定或相信某事，不能和to進行搭配。

【句意】他們不得不把失敗歸咎于準備不足。

23.單選題

Theydenouncedeficitspending,declaringthatyoucan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.

問題1選項

A.condemn

B.dispute

C.contend

D.neglect

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項condemn“譴責；聲討”；B選項dispute“辯論；懷疑”；C選項contend“主張；為……斗爭”；D選項neglect“疏忽；忽視；忽略”。句意：他們……赤字開支，宣稱用更多的債務解決不了債務問題。根據(jù)名詞deficitspending“赤字開支”即支出大于收入，也就是超前消費。對這一消費行為有人贊成，也有人否定。根據(jù)后面的關鍵信息youcan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.“你不能用更多的債務來解決債務問題”由此看來，這里是不贊成超前消費的，有反對的意味。因此A選項符合題意。

24.單選題

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

問題1選項

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項presentation“展示，描述”，B項instruction“指令，命令，教導”，C項conviction“定罪，確信”，D項obligation“義務，職責”；根據(jù)句子語境“這所學校承諾縮小班級規(guī)模，提供更個性化的……”可知，只有B項符合。句意：這所學校承諾要縮小班級規(guī)模，提供更加個性化的教學。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

25.單選題

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—something,well,different.It’spartlybecausehumansarenaturallyinquisitiveandexploratorybutalso,andmoresignificant,becauseweneedtheunknown,whathistoriansofreligioncall“otherness,”tolendourlivessignificance.Soweconceiveofidealworlds—Paradise,theGoldenAge,Heaven,Atlantis,andShangri-La—anddream,sometimes,ofattainingthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,（）

3.Peopletravelbecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問題1選項

A.tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems

B.tourismposesaseriousthreattopeople’smentalsystem

C.tourismblocksaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife

D.tourisminevitablybringsitshabitsandexpectationstoits“consumers”

問題2選項

A.tourismcanstrengthenlocalcultures.

B.tourismcanencourageanawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.

C.tourisminonewayoranother,changestradition,particularlyintheThirdWorld.

D.tourismcanpromotethegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.

問題3選項

A.theyfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

B.theydonotfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

C.theyfeelsickofthepeopleinthecommunity

D.theywanttoescapefromtheplacewheretheyliveandworkduetounhappiness

問題4選項

A.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

B.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinbigcities.

C.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavemuchmorepressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

D.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavelesspressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinbigcities.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由A選項可以定位到文章中“Tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems...”，中文翻譯為：旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)嚴重損害了脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?？芍狝選項正確；文章中沒有涉及B選項；由C選項“旅游業(yè)阻礙了瀕危野生動物產(chǎn)品的繁榮和非法貿(mào)易”可以定位到文章中“Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife...”，中文翻譯為旅游業(yè)助長了貿(mào)易蓬勃發(fā)展，而通常是非法的貿(mào)易，可知C選項錯誤，與文章意思相反；根據(jù)原文“Its‘consumers’inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.”，中文翻譯為：“消費者”不可避免地帶來他們的習慣和期望——無論是熱水淋浴和沖洗廁所或為高爾夫球手提供澆灌的綠地?？梢缘弥狣選項“旅游不可避免地給消費者帶來其習慣和期望”是錯誤的。因此答案為A。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由C選項可以定位到文章“What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.”，中文翻譯為：不可否認的是，旅游業(yè)以這樣或那樣的方式改變傳統(tǒng)，而且對許多人來說，尤其是在第三世界，這種改變看起來、感覺是退化。因此C選項“旅游業(yè)以這樣或那樣的方式改變傳統(tǒng)，尤其是在第三世界”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。可以定位到文章第四段中“AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause‘theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive…’”，中文翻譯為：現(xiàn)代旅游的主要權威者之一的瑞士學者JostKrippendorf稱，人們旅行，因為“他們不再感到高興——他們工作的地方，他們住的地方……”?？芍狣選項“由于不滿，他們想逃離他們的生活和工作的地方”是正確的。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段中“It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.”，中文翻譯為：的確，住在帶花園的地方或那些生活在小城鎮(zhèn)的人們，比公寓的居民和城市居民更少去度假?？梢酝茰y出B選項“生活在小城鎮(zhèn)的人比那些生活在大城市的人有更少的假期”正確。

26.單選題

Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesintheschemeproposed,but（）Ithinkweshouldbenefitbyadoptingit.

問題1選項

A.inbalance

B.offbalance

C.onbalance

D.outofbalance

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定結構。inbalance“保持”；onbalance“總的來說”；outofbalance“失去平衡”。本句意為“總的來說，我認為采用它對我們有好處”，用“總的來說”順承“提出的方案有優(yōu)點也有缺點”。C選項符合題意。

27.單選題

Everymemberofthesocietyhastomakea（）struggleforthefreedomofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.pledge

B.warranty

C.resolve

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定結構。makeapledge“宣誓”，本句意為“社會每個成員都必須宣誓為國家自由而奮斗”。因此選項A正確。

28.單選題

AsbefitsanationmadeupofimmigrantsfromallovertheChristianworld,AmericanshavenodistinctiveChristmassymbols;butwehavetakenthesymbolsofallthenationsandmadethemourown.TheChristmastree,thehollyandtheivy,themistletoe,theexchangeofgifts,themythofSantaClaus,andthecarolsofallnations,theplumpuddingandthewassailbowlareallelementsintheAmericanChristmasofthemid-twentiethcentury.ThoughwehavenoChristmassymbolsofourown,theAmericanChristmasstillhasadistinctiveaurabyvirtueoftwocharacteristicelements.

Thefirstoftheseisthat,asmightbeexpectedinanationasdedicatedtothecarryingonofbusinessastheAmericannation,thedominantroleoftheChristmasfestivitieshasbecometoserveasastimulustoretailbusiness.ThethemesofChristmasadvertisingbegintoappearasearlyasSeptember,andtheopenseasononChristmasshoppingbeginsinNove