考研考博-英語-四川機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Speakersandlistenersareoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficulttoproduce,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comprehend

B.ignore

C.confirm

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。comprehend理解，包含；ignore忽視，不理睬confirm確認(rèn)，確定；defend辯護(hù)。由前半句可知說話者與接受者之間存在矛盾，故后面可推知這兩者之間還存在另一種矛盾，即容易表達(dá)的話卻難以理解。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：說話者和傾聽者常常意見不一致:容易讓接受者理解的語言往往很難產(chǎn)生，而容易表達(dá)的語言卻很難理解。

2.單選題

Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly（）thelittlerainthatfellyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorbed

B.drained

C.digested

D.soaked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收；使……全神貫注”；B選項(xiàng)drain“耗盡；使流出”；C選項(xiàng)digest“消化；融會貫通”；D選項(xiàng)soak“使浸泡，使浸漬”。句意：在許多個星期無雨后，地面很快地吸收了昨天下的小雨。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

China’sresponsetoNorthKorea’sshellingofYeonpyeongIslandtwoweeksagohasbeenremarkablyflaccid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.firm

B.shrewd

C.ambiguous

D.limp

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)firm“堅(jiān)定的；牢固的；嚴(yán)格的；結(jié)實(shí)的；堅(jiān)決的；牢牢控制的；堅(jiān)挺的”；B選項(xiàng)shrewd“精明的；狡猾的；機(jī)靈的”；C選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；D選項(xiàng)limp“柔軟的，無力的；軟弱的”。句意：中國對朝鮮兩周前炮擊延坪島的反應(yīng)，一直表現(xiàn)得非常遲緩。flaccid“松弛的，軟弱的；蔫軟的；無活力的；不見成效的”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thecropwasseverely（）bytherecentheavydrought.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infected

B.afflicted

C.affected

D.inflicted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。infect“感染”；afflict“折磨；使痛苦”；affect“影響”；inflict“造成；給與（打擊）等”。crop“莊稼”與heavydrought“嚴(yán)重干旱”之間的聯(lián)系是：后者影響前者。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Iamcautiously（）thatanewgovernmentwillbeconcernedandawareabouttheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.hostile

C.cynical

D.doubtful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。optimistic“樂觀的”；hostile“敵對的”；cynical“憤世嫉俗的”；doubtful“可疑的”。句意：對于新政府是否會關(guān)注環(huán)境問題，我持謹(jǐn)慎的______態(tài)度。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息cautiously可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意，“樂觀態(tài)度”。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChineseandmakesomeeconomiccommentsinEnglishonthefollowingreport.

ChinaannouncedThursdayafiscaldeficitbudgetof950billionYuan($139billion)for2009,arecordhighinsixdecades,asthecountryboostsspendingtocushiontheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.

Thetotaldeficitaccountsforlessthan3percentofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),saidChinesePremierWenJiabaoattheopeningoftheparliament'sannualsession.

Despitethedeficitsurge,China'sconstantdeficitdropsinpreviousyearsprovideroomtoissuemorebondsthisyear,saidWenwhendeliveringthegovernmentworkreport.

TheratioofthecumulativebalanceofoutstandinggovernmentbondstoGDP,whichisaround20percent,iswithintheacceptablerangeofwhatouroverallnationalstrengthcanbearandisthereforesafe.

Thetotal950billion-YuandeficitbudgetwasnearlythreetimesChina’slastrecordhighdeficit,whichwas319.8billionYuanin2003.ItwillbenecessarytospendevenmoreifChina'seconomicgrowthfurtherweakensinthesecondquarterofthisyear.

【答案】中國周四公布了2009年的財(cái)政赤字預(yù)算為9,950億元（1390億美元），創(chuàng)下了60年的新高，因?yàn)樵搰黾恿酥С鰜砭彌_全球金融危機(jī)的影響。

中國總理溫家寶在年度會議的開幕式上說，中國的總赤字占不到中國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的3%。

溫家寶在發(fā)表政府工作報(bào)告時表示，盡管赤字激增，但中國前幾年赤字持續(xù)下降，為今年發(fā)行更多債券提供了空間。

政府債券累計(jì)余額占GDP的百分之二十左右，是在我們的綜合國力所能承受的范圍內(nèi)，因此是安全的。

2003年，中國近3倍的赤字預(yù)算總額達(dá)到了319.8億元。

9500億元的赤字預(yù)算幾乎是中國上一次創(chuàng)記錄的新高赤字的三倍——2003年為319.8億元。如果中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長在今年第二季度進(jìn)一步減弱，就有必要增加支出。

7.單選題

Thisspaciousroomis______furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lightly

B.hardly

C.sparsely

D.rarely

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.lightly輕柔地，輕微地B.hardly幾乎不，幾乎沒有

C.sparsely稀疏地；貧乏地D.rarely罕有，很少

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后面的afew（幾個）說明是僅僅有少數(shù)幾件家具，東西不多，而sparsely表示數(shù)量少地，該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合句意；

B、D項(xiàng)含有否定的意思，與后面的justafewarticles（僅有幾件家具）不符合。

【句意】這個寬敞的房間只零星布置了幾件家具。

8.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavedone

B.mayhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.musthavedone

【答案】B

【解析】句意:研究表明，無論白天做了什么，我們每晚睡覺時都會有兩個小時的時間在做夢。

語法題?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞+havedone。shouldhavedone表示“本該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生”；mayhavedone表示“對過去發(fā)生的行為的一種推測”；wouldhavedone表示“本來會做某事，但實(shí)際沒有做成”；musthavedone表示“對過去事情的肯定推測”。故選B。

9.單選題

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedassuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcaseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-managerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虛構(gòu)的)entry-levelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmorelikelytobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkersthanforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,theeffectoflegislationprohibitingagediscriminationisnoteasytoseeandmayactuallybepartofthereasonitissodifficultforolderworkerstofindemployment.Ifitismoredifficulttofireanolderworkerthanayoungerworker,afirmwillbelesslikelytowanttohireolderworkers.Indeed,myresearchfindsthatinstateswhereworkershavelongertimetobringalawsuitclaim,oldermenworkfewerweeksperyear,arelesslikelytobehired,andlesslikelytobefiredthanmeninstateswheretheydonothaveasmuch.

NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.However,legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanacea(萬靈藥).Therecentproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.

1.Alotofcasesofagediscriminationarenotfoundbecause（）

2.ThelabormarketexperimentinBostonshowsthat（）

3.Whatmayleadtotheincreaseofdiscriminationlawsuitsduringtimesofhighunemployment?

4.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthat（）

5.Theauthoris（）whenheanalyzestheagediscriminationissue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently.

B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon’tsueexceptthewhites.

C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthem.

D.manydiscriminatedpeopledon’tsueandcostsofalawsuitoutweighpotentialbenefits.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.youngermaleapplicantsaremorelikelytobehiredthantheirfemalecounterparts.

B.agediscriminationisquitecommoninhiringprocess.

C.theauthorcollectedinformationbyinterviewingfemaleapplicants.

D.femaleapplicantswhoare50yearsoldwillneverhaveachancetogetajob.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theincreaseofagediscrimination.

B.Thedecreaseofagediscrimination.

C.Thedecreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

D.Theincreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepast.

B.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementinthepast.

C.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan’tfreeoldworkersfromagediscrimination.

D.therecentproposedcongressionallegislationisineffective.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.partial

C.objective

D.doubtful

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句caseshiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected（雇傭歧視的案例往往沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。），接下來第三段說明了沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因，由第三段第二句Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.（在大多數(shù)情況下，其他團(tuán)體不會起訴，因?yàn)樵V訟的成本超過了潛在的利益。）可知，很多年齡歧視的案例沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槿藗儧]有起訴，而且起訴的成本高于利益。因此D選項(xiàng)“許多受歧視的人不起訴，而且訴訟的成本超過了潛在的利益?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“年齡歧視法最近剛剛出臺”，文中沒有具體說年齡歧視法出臺的時間，所以A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“除了白人，其他受歧視的群體不起訴”，文章說的是大多數(shù)提起訴訟的都是白人，而不是其他群體不起訴，所以B錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“年齡歧視案件數(shù)量龐大，很難全部發(fā)現(xiàn)”，根據(jù)文章第二段第二句WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct（考慮到《就業(yè)年齡歧視法》所涵蓋的工人人數(shù)，這個數(shù)字很?。┛芍挲g歧視案件的數(shù)量并不多，所以C錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)abormarketexperimentinBoston”可以定位到文章第四段，由第四段第一句Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiring,atleastforentry-leveljobs.（有強(qiáng)有力的實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)表明，在招聘中存在年齡歧視，至少在入門級工作中是如此。）可知，年齡歧視在招聘過程中很普遍。因此B選項(xiàng)“年齡歧視在招聘過程中很常見。”正確。A選項(xiàng)“年輕的男性求職者比女性求職者更有可能被錄用”，文章說的是年齡歧視，而不是性別歧視，所以A錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“作者通過面試女性申請者收集信息”，作者是通過投遞女性求職者的簡歷來做調(diào)查，而不是面試女性，所以C錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“50歲的女性應(yīng)聘者將永遠(yuǎn)沒有機(jī)會得到工作”，文章說的是年輕的求職者比50歲以上的求職者接到面試通知的可能性高，而不是50歲的女性永遠(yuǎn)找不到工作，所以D錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“highunemployment”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.（在高失業(yè)率時期，訴訟的機(jī)會成本比經(jīng)濟(jì)景氣時要低。），說明高失業(yè)率時期訴訟成本降低會導(dǎo)致訴訟案件增加。因此C選項(xiàng)“訴訟的機(jī)會成本降低?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“年齡歧視的增加”，B選項(xiàng)“年齡歧視的減少”，根據(jù)第五段第二句butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.（但這一發(fā)現(xiàn)本身并不表明年齡歧視水平的增加）可知訴訟案件的增加和年齡歧視的多少無關(guān)，所以A，B錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“訴訟的機(jī)會成本增加”和C選項(xiàng)是相反的，所以D錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段，由最后一段第一句NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.（沒有多少人會建議我們回到《就業(yè)年齡歧視法》出臺之前的時代，在那個時代，招聘廣告會明確指出他們愿意雇傭的人的具體年齡。）可知，在過去雇主可以指定他們想雇傭的人的年齡。因此A選項(xiàng)“過去的雇主可以指定他們想雇傭的人的年齡?！闭_。B選項(xiàng)“過去所有的雇主都是通過廣告招聘工人的”，在文中沒有提及，所以B錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“禁止歧視的立法不能使老年工人免受年齡歧視”，根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Therecentproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.（最近提出的國會立法可能對潛在的老年工人產(chǎn)生正面和負(fù)面的影響。）可知，立法對解決年齡歧視問題是有一定積極影響的，所以C錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“最近提出的國會立法是無效的”，在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段說到年齡歧視情況很多時候不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，接下來分析原因，講到立法效果不明顯等，這些都是事實(shí)和現(xiàn)狀，作者不帶自己的主觀色彩，說明作者對年齡歧視問題的闡述態(tài)度是客觀的。因此C選項(xiàng)“客觀的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”，B選項(xiàng)“部分的”，D選項(xiàng)“懷疑的”都不能說明作者的態(tài)度，所以A，B，D錯誤。

10.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe（）.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois（）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itspowersource

B.itsdrivingsystem

C.itsmonitoringsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Arail

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm

D.Acomputercontroller.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiastic

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine(它（即接下來30年的汽車）應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全、更經(jīng)濟(jì)、且不再由汽油發(fā)動機(jī)提供動力),因此A項(xiàng)“它的動力來源”正確。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:作者主要關(guān)心的是什么？第三段指出:Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(在不考慮能源的情況下,它（即未來的汽車）將仍然是城市交通擁擠的主要問題),因此C項(xiàng)“怎樣解決交通堵塞問題”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem...(當(dāng)汽車進(jìn)入高速公路系統(tǒng)時,伸縮臂將從汽車上伸出,并與軌道相連,這類似于為地鐵列車供電。一旦連接到軌道上,汽車將由系統(tǒng)供電)。因此A項(xiàng)“軌道”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit(駕駛員將使用電話將行車指令輸入到這個系統(tǒng)中。計(jì)算機(jī)將計(jì)算最好的線路,并且一路上為汽車到達(dá)高速路的正確出口保留空間。駕駛員然后將自由放松地等待會提醒他即將到來的出口的汽笛聲)。因此D項(xiàng)“通過電話告知系統(tǒng)將前往的目的地”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第二段正面描寫了未來汽車的趨勢:無可置疑的是汽車在接下來的30年將會發(fā)生巨大的變化,它應(yīng)該變得更小、更安全、更經(jīng)濟(jì)、不再由汽油發(fā)動機(jī)提供來源且更環(huán)保。第三段針對未來汽車發(fā)展的問題提出了解決辦法,因此作者的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是樂觀的,故選C。

11.單選題

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infact,theeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

Manymillionsofyearsago,theColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredfonnationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris;rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.InthefirstsentencetheauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyons.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttotheStateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth’ssurface

D.itiscausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging.

B.Itcontainsapproximately14milliontonsofrock.

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears.

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了大峽谷主要是由于緩慢而有序的侵蝕作用形成；第二三段對大峽谷形成的原因和過程進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)分析；最后一段進(jìn)一步介紹大峽谷的進(jìn)一步形成是由于各種力的作用。因此B選項(xiàng)“大峽谷形成的各種力”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.（站在大峽谷的邊緣，凝視著地球表面這個巨大的傷痕，游客可能會認(rèn)為峽谷是由一些古老的震動造成的）可知C選項(xiàng)“看上去像是地球表面的傷痕”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.（緩慢地向后推進(jìn)高原，旁邊的峽谷露出新的巖石，侵蝕模式繼續(xù)進(jìn)行）可知大峽谷的輪廓在不斷變化，因此選A。

12.單選題

Itisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthority[A]inmatterofmeaningandusage.[B]Fewpeopleask[C]bywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.Butwhatfollows[D]appliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmatterof

B.Fewpeople

C.bywhat

D.applies

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)中的matter做名詞時是可數(shù)名詞，它后面有meaning和usage兩個名詞，因此matter應(yīng)改為matters。

13.寫作題

Youarerequiredtowriteabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic“TheBadAspectofOnlineShopping”.

【答案】TheBadAspectofOnlineShopping14.單選題

Theenvironmentiseverythingthatsurroundsus:plants,animals,buildings,country,air,andwater——literallyeverythingthatcanaffectusinanyway.Theenvironmentofatown,withitsbuildingsandtrafficanditsnoiseandsmells,whereeveryoneisontopofeveryoneelse,isafarcryfromthatofthecountryside,withitsfieldsandcrops,itswildanddomesticanimalsanditsfeelingofspaciousness.Andtheenvironmentdiffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.

Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminated（滅絕）oranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset——inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed.

Manisapartoftheenvironmentandhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreature.Hehasdonethisbyhisignorance,hisgreed,hisfoolishnessandhiswastefulness.

Hehaspoisonedthatatmosphereandpollutedbothlandandwater.Hehaswastedtheearth’snaturalresourceswithnothoughtforthefuture,andhasthoughtoutthemostdevastatingwaysofkillinghisfellowmen——andeveryothersortoflifeatthesametime.

Sincemanhasdonesomuchdamage,itisuptomantotrytoputmattersright—ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter.

Oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingatanever-increasingrate.Atthesametime,weareusingupournaturalresources—fuelsandmineralores—atanever-increasingratewithnohopeofreplacingthem.

Formanyyearstheearthhasbeenunabletoprovideenoughfoodfortheserapidlyexpandingpopulationsandthepositionissteadilydeterioratingsincethefertilityofsomeofourrichestsoilshasbeenlostandvastareasthatwereoncefertilelandshaveturnedintobarrendeserts.Andthetroublewithdesertsisthattheytendtocreepoutwardsontothefertilesoils.WhatisnowthenorthernSaharaDesertwasthegranary（糧倉）ofthecivilizedworld2,500yearsago.

Evenatthismomentmanyoftheearth’snaturaltreasuresarebeingdestroyed,manyvaluableanimalsandplantsarebeingkilledoff,anditisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttogrowenoughfoodtopreservemuchoftheearth’spopulationfromstarvation.Thesituationisgettingoutofhand.Timeisrunningout.Butwithyourhelp,wemaybeabletoreversethetrendswhichthreatenourveryexistence.Whocares?

1.Theecologyofanareaisinbalanceif（

）.

2.Duringhislifeonearth,manhas（

）.

3.Theyoung（

）.

4.Oneofthegreatestproblemsisthatthereare（

）.

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnonoise

B.thereisnointerruption

C.thereisnointerference

D.therearenopeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.donemorethananylivingcreature

B.causedthemostdamagetotheecology

C.damagedtheecologymorethanotherlivingcreatures

D.donemoreharmthangood

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.canhandletheproblem

B.havetheanswertotheproblem

C.areresponsiblefortheproblem

D.holdtheresponsibilityforthefuture

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.manypeopleintheworldexpandingrapidly

B.toomanypeopleintheworld,andtheirnumbersareincreasing

C.toomanypeopleincreasingintheworld

D.toomanypeopleintheworldalwaysexpanding

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toinformpeopleaboutthescienceofecology

B.toencouragepeopletodosomethingabouttheenvironment

C.tocriticizeMan’sactions

D.tohelpusunderstandtheworldwelivein

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第二句Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminatedoranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset——inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed提到環(huán)境沒有遭到破壞的地方就是生態(tài)平衡的地方，但是如果有某一種生物滅絕或者有外來物種入侵，那么這個地方的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)就會被破壞，換言之，自然界的生態(tài)平衡被打破。所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第三段Manisapartoftheenvironmentandhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreature提到人類是環(huán)境的一部分，在其存在于地球上的短暫時間中，對生態(tài)造成的破壞比其他任何生物都多。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第五段ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter提到現(xiàn)在還不算太晚，還有補(bǔ)救的機(jī)會，主要就是靠年青一代，并且這些補(bǔ)救措施越早實(shí)施越好。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第六段oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingatanever-increasingrate提到讓地球變成如今這樣的主要原因之一便是世界人口過多，并且人口的數(shù)量還在不斷增加。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章主要講了人類對生態(tài)平衡造成的破壞，并且呼吁人們在還沒到無法挽回的地步前趕緊采取措施，避免生態(tài)進(jìn)一步惡化。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthat