考研考博-英語-廣州科技職業(yè)技術大學考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州科技職業(yè)技術大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Weshouldbejudgedbythequalityofourproductsandthevalueinvestors___fromthem.

問題1選項

A.deride

B.derive

C.elude

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deride“嘲笑；嘲弄”；B選項derive“源于；得自；獲得”；C選項elude“（尤指機智地，巧妙地）避開，逃避，躲避；使無法得到；使無法達到；使不記得；使不理解”；D選項evade“逃避；規(guī)避；逃脫”。句意：我們應該根據我們產品的質量和投資者從中___的價值來判斷。本句表達“投資者從中獲得的價值”，因此B選項正確。

2.翻譯題

Asaglobalinstitute,MobileStudies-connectspolicy-makers,practitionersandprofessorsofmobilemediaandcommunicationacrossculturesandcountries.Leveragingitscombinedacademicandindustrialexpertise,MobileStudiesoffersitsuniqueservicestothemobileworld.Interdisciplinaryandcomparativeinapproach,MobileStudies,sharesacademicresearchwiththemobileindustry,industryinsightswith-theacademiccommunity,andtimelyenlightenmentwiththemobilepublic.

Solution-orientedandindustry-based,ourstudiesfocusonidentifyingissuesandlocatingsolutionsbesidestheoreticalconstructionsandpolicyrecommendations.Interdisciplinaryandcomparative,theresultsofourstudiesaresharedthroughMobileCampus,co-organizedMobileWorkshopsandotherchannelstooffercustomizedcoursesandservicesfromdifferentperspectives.

Believeitornot,mostpeopledon'tbreathecorrectlyandthiscancontributetoafeelingoflethargy.Butbyusingthediaphragm-themusclethatinflatesanddeflatesthelungs—youinhaleandexhalemoreefficiently.Consciouslyrelaxyourjaw,throat,shouldersandupperchest.

AmusicshowfromHunanSatelliteTVnamedI'maSingerhasbeengainingpopularitysincetheheatfromVoiceofChinagraduallycooled.Theshowinvitesprofessionalmusicianstocompete.Ratherthanusingthetraditionallyunderdogs-become-famousformat,itisuptothe500audiencememberstodecidethefateofthestarsonstage.

Let'scheckouthowtheadaptionofaclassiclovesongtorock'n'rollintroduceustotheemotionalworldofrockmusic.

【答案】作為一家全球性機構，移動研究所將跨文化和國家的移動媒體和傳播的決策者、實踐者和專家聯系起來。憑借其綜合的學術和行業(yè)的專業(yè)知識，移動研究所為移動世界提供了特殊的服務。運用跨學科和比較的方法，它與移通信行業(yè)分享學術研究，與學術界分享行業(yè)見解，并適時啟發(fā)廣大移動公眾。

以解決方法為導向，以產業(yè)為基礎，我們的研究注重發(fā)現問題和找到解決方案，并提供理論建設和政策建議。利用跨學科和比較的方法，通過移動校園、聯合舉辦的移動研討會和其他渠道，我們的研究成果被分享（通過移動校園、聯合舉辦的移動研討會和其他渠道共享我們的研究成果），以便從不同的角度提供定制課程和服務。

不管你信不信，大多數人呼吸方式都不正確，這會讓人昏昏欲睡。但是通過橫膈膜——使肺部充盈和收縮的肌肉——你可以更有效地吸氣和呼氣。有意識地放松你的下巴、喉嚨、肩膀和上胸部。

隨著中國好聲音的熱度逐漸退去，湖南衛(wèi)視的一檔名為《我是歌手》的音樂節(jié)目越來越受歡迎。演出邀請許多專業(yè)音樂人士參賽。與使用傳統(tǒng)的“草根到歌手”的模式不同，這檔節(jié)目中由500名觀眾來決定臺上明星們的命運。讓我們來看看由一首經典情歌改編成的搖滾樂如何將我們帶入充滿激情的搖滾樂世界中。

3.單選題

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.vanished突然消失；絕跡B.scattered分散

C.abandoned丟棄D.rejected拒絕

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格前后語義為“Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現____在高速公路旁的樹林里。”根據前后語義可知，丟失的汽車被別人遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里，C選項abandoned“丟棄”符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里。

4.單選題

（）ofthischangeistheappearanceofthetwobooksunderreview.

問題1選項

A.Indicative

B.Suggestive

C.Symptomatic

D.Expressive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:Indicative“象征的；指示的；表明的”；B:Suggestive“提示的；暗示的”；C:Symptomatic“有癥狀的；癥候的”；D:Expressive“表示的，有表現力的”。句意：審查中的這兩本書的出現反映了這個變化。beindicativeof“指示的；象征的；暗示的”,本句為表語前置，完全倒裝。因此A最合適。

5.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問題2選項

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

問題3選項

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問題4選項

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘這篇文章回答了下列哪個問題?’根據第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高樹的樹頂，也不是被推到樹頂，那么我們會問：它是怎樣到達樹頂的呢？”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公認的內聚壓力理論解答了“水移動到樹頂端的原因。”確定C選項“水如何到達樹的頂端”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第一段中提到的第一個實驗證明了什么?’根據第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實驗表明，在殺死所有細胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動到相當高的高度?！贝_定B選項“植物的莖的細胞不能抽水”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘植物學家是如何知道根壓并不是推動植物水分流動的唯一力量的?’根據第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根壓完全不足以將水推到樹頂。此外，作為最高樹木之一的針葉樹，其根壓也低得異乎尋常?！贝_定A選項“一些非常高的樹木有微弱的壓力”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問‘這篇文章支持下列哪個陳述?’根據第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根據目前為人們所接受的內聚壓力的理論，水是被拉到上面去的?！贝_定D選項“植物學家已經改變他們有關水在植物中移動的理論”正確；也由此知A選項“水是被推到樹的頂端的”和C選項“大氣壓力把水吸到高大樹木的頂端”不正確，排除；根據第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實驗表明，在殺死所有細胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動到相當高的高度?！贝_定B選項“植物學家己經證明活細胞能充當泵”不正確。

6.單選題

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

問題1選項

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

問題2選項

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

問題3選項

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

問題4選項

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

問題5選項

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.觀點態(tài)度題。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復雜得多。”可知作者認為公眾對于沖突的理解過于簡單。故B項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復雜得多?！笨芍_定沖突的最佳水平存在困難。故C項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人驚訝的是，Schwenk發(fā)現，對于沖突的看法隨著組織類型的不同而系統(tǒng)地變化?！苯酉聛矸謩e列舉了盈利機構和非盈利機構對待沖突的不同看法。故A項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利為目的的組織中，決策效能最常以財務術語來評估。高管們認為，共識而不是沖突可以增強財務指標?！笨芍麢C構認為共識能增強財務指標。故D項“成功在于統(tǒng)一的意見（共識）”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非營利性組織中，決策有效性是從令人滿意的群體的角度來定義的。考慮到滿足許多不同成員的復雜性和模糊性，高管們認為沖突導致了更深思熟慮和可接受的決定?！笨芍诜怯詸C構里人們可以表達不同的觀點，故B項正確。

7.單選題

Thisdiplomaisimportant,which（

）thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.

問題1選項

A.amplifies

B.certifies

C.clarifies

D.magnifies

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項amplify“放大，擴大”；B選項certify“證明”；C選項clarify“澄清，闡明”；D選項magnify“贊美，夸大”。

句意：這個文憑很重要，它能證明你已經完成高中學業(yè)。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

問題1選項

A.notso

B.notmuch

C.nomore

D.muchmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞比較級。句意：心臟不比胃聰明，因為它們都由大腦控制。根據題干intelligentthan可知考查形容詞的比較級，確定有more，根據語境心臟和胃都受大腦控制確定C選項nomore符合題意。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhave______astheamountofmoneyborrowed.

問題1選項

A.asthesamevalue

B.thesamevalue

C.valueasthesame

D.thevalueisthesame

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句子中的空格部分做賓語從句中的賓語成分，故可排除D選項；“與……相同”可用“as…as”和“thesameas”，無“asthesameas”這種表達；二者的區(qū)別為：as+adj/adv.+as；thesame(+n.)as，故可排除A選項和C選項，根據句意：消除通貨膨脹應確保還貸的錢應與所貸款的價值相同?？芍狟選項正確。

10.單選題

Herman'ssuccessisduetohishardworkandhisabilityto（）planswhichwillgetworkdoneefficiently.

問題1選項

A.formulate

B.fulfil

C.approve

D.flourish

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.formulate制訂；規(guī)劃B.fulfil實現（夢想），履行（職責，義務等）

C.approve贊成，同意D.flourish繁榮，昌盛

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據句意“赫爾曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他______計劃的能力”，結合選項詞義可知，空格處表示“制定”符合句意，所以該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】赫爾曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他制定計劃的能力，這使工作有效地完成。

11.單選題

NearlyeverywriteronthephilosophyofcivilrightsactivistMartinLutherKing,itmakesaconnectionbetweenKingandHenryDavidThoreau,usuallyviaThoreau’sfamousessay.”CivilDisobedience"(1849).InhisbookStrideTowardFreedom(1958),KinghimselfstatedthatThoreau’sessaywashisfirstintellectualcontactwiththetheoryofpassiveresistancetogovernmentallawsthatareperceivedasmorallyunjust.However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,KingwouldnothaveagreedwithmanyotheraspectsofThoreau’sphilosophy,includingThoreau'sultimateacceptanceofviolenceasaformofprotest;second,anoveremphasisontheinfluenceofoneessayhaskepthistoriansfromnotingothercorrespondencesbetweenKing'sphilosophyandtranscendentalism."CivilDisobedience"astheonlyexampleoftranscendentalistwritingwithwhichKingwasfamiliar,andinmanyothertranscendentalistwritings,includingworksbyRalphWaldoEmersonandMargaretFuller,Kingwouldhavefoundideasmorenearlyakintohisown.

ThekindofcivildisobedienceKinghadinmindwas,infact,quitedifferentfromThoreau’sviewofcivildisobedience.Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.Whileheencouragedotherstoadoptsimilarprotests,hedidnotattempttomountanymassprotestactionagainstunjustlaws.IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.

However,King’swritingssuggestthat,withoutrealizingit,hewasanincipienttranscendentalist.Mosttranscendentalistssubscribedtotheconceptof“higherlaw”andincludedcivildisobediencetounjustlawsaspartoftheirstrategy.TheyofteninvokedtheconceptofhigherlawtojustifytheiroppositiontoslaveryandtoadvocatedisobediencetothestrengthenedFugitiveSlaveLawof1850.Inhissecondmajorbook,King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisverysimilartothetranscendentalists'discussionofhigherlaw.Inreferencetohowonecanadvocatebreakingsomelawsandobeyingothers,Kingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw”andanunjustlawasa“codethatisoutofharmonywiththemorallaw.”Thus,King’soppositiontotheinjusticeoflegalizedsegregationinthetwentiethcenturyisphilosophicallyakintothetranscendentalists9oppositiontotheFugitiveSlaveLawinthenineteenthcentury.

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatesthemanideaofthepassage?

2.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsabout“CivilDisobedience”wouldtheauthorconsidermostaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingistrueofEmersonandFuller?

4.ThepassagesuggestswhichoneofthefollowingaboutThoreau?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Kingdifferedfrommosttranscendentalistsinthathe（

）.

問題1選項

A.King’sphilosophywasmoreinfluencedbyThoreau’sessayoncivildisobediencethanbyanyotherwritingofthetranscendentalists

B.WhilehistoriansmayhaveoverestimatedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,Kingwasgreatlyinfluencedbyanumberofthetranscendentalistphilosophers.

C.Thoreau’sandKing’sviewsoncivildisobediencedifferedinthatKingwasmoreconcernedwiththesocialreformthanwiththeeconomicreformofsociety.

D.AlthoughhistorianshaveoveremphasizedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,thereareparallelsbetweenKing’sphilosophyandtranscendentalismthathavenotbeenfullyappreciated.

問題2選項

A.ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

B.ItwasnotKing’sfirstcontactwiththeconceptofpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

C.ItprovidedKingwithamodelforusingpassiveresistancetoeffectsocialchange.

D.Itcontainsanumberofideaswithwhichothertranscendentalistsstronglydisagreed

問題3選項

A.SomeoftheirideaswerelesstypicaloftranscendentalismthanweresomeofThoreau’sideas.

B.SomeoftheirideasweremoresimilartoKing’sthanweresomeofThoreau's.

C.Theirideasaboutcivildisobedienceandunjustlawsareaswell'knownasThoreau’sare.

D.TheywouldhavebeenmorelikelythanThoreautoagreewithKingonthenecessityofmassprotestincivildisobedience.

問題4選項

A.Hewasthefirsttodevelopfullythetheoryofcivildisobedience.

B.HisworkhashadagreaterinfluenceoncontemporarythinkersthanhastheworkofEmersonandFuller.

C.Headvocatedusingcivildisobediencetoforcethefederalgovernmenttochangeitspoliciesonwar.

D.Hisphilosophydoesnotcontainallofthesameelementsasthephilosophiesoftheothertranscendentalists.

問題5選項

A.opposedviolenceasaformofcivilprotest.

B.believedthatjustlawshadaninherentmoralvalue.

C.showedmoreinterestedinreformingsocietythaninreformingtheindividual.

D.protestedsocialandlegalinjusticeinUnitedStatessocietyratherthanUnitedStatesforeignpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據第一段的中心句However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,...second.確定作者認為大部分作家過分強調梭羅與金思想上的聯系，并且忽略了金與其他先驗論主義者的聯系。由此推斷出D選項‘盡管歷史學家過分強調梭羅對金的影響，但金的哲學與超驗主義之間存在著尚未得到充分認識的相似之處。’正確。

2.根據文章第一段，可知金的哲學思想是受到了梭羅的影響，這種影響帶到政治生活中即是：King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisKingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw馬丁路德金對公正和不公正法律的討論以及個人的責任指出有兩種類型的法律，公正和不公正;他把公正的法律描述為“符合道德法則的準則”，所以A選項‘ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.它影響了金對不公正法律的消極抵抗的哲學。正確。

3.根據文章第二段最后一句‘IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.與梭羅相反，金開始提倡使用大規(guī)模的公民不服從來影響社會體系內的革命變革?！妥詈笠欢巍?..isverysimilartothetranscendentalists’discussionofhigherlaw.因此，馬丁?路德?金反對20世紀不公正的種族隔離合法化，在哲學上類似于19世紀超驗主義者反對逃亡奴隸法?！茰y出D選項‘愛默生和福勒會比梭羅更贊同其非暴力反抗的大規(guī)?？棺h的必要性‘正確。

4.根據文章第二段AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.作為對墨西哥戰(zhàn)爭的抗議，梭羅拒絕交稅，但他不希望通過自己的行動迫使國家政策發(fā)生改變?！笨芍狢選項’他主張用非暴力反抗戰(zhàn)爭迫使聯邦政府改變其政策‘正確。A，B皆為錯誤表達。D選項正確。

5.根據文章第二段“Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.梭羅和大多數先驗論者一樣，主要對個人的改革感興趣，而金主要對社會的改革感興趣?！贝_定C選項正確。

12.單選題

Myeyeshadbecome（）tothenowsemi-darkness,soIcouldpickoutshapesaboutseventy-fiveyardsaway.

問題1選項

A.inclined

B.accustomed

C.vulnerable

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inclined“有……傾向”；B選項accustomed“習慣的，通常的”；C選項vulnerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D選項sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已經_____現在的半明半暗，所以我能辨認出75碼外的形狀?？疾楣潭ù钆鋌eaccustomedto“習慣于”，這里表示的是習慣于這種半明半暗的狀況，因此B選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Attheconferenceyesterday,ourdifferenceswerefurther（

）.Thenextstepistoworkoutasolutionacceptabletobothsides.

問題1選項

A.narroweddown

B.cooleddown

C.drivenhome

D.broughtabout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。narrowdown意為“縮減，壓縮，減少”；cooldown意為“變涼，冷卻，冷靜”；drivehome意為“開車回家”；bringabout意為“導致，引起”。

句意：在昨天的會議上，我們的分歧進一步縮小了。下一步是制定一個雙方都能接受的解決方案。

14.單選題

Theambulanceservicesworked（）haulingpeopletrappedinthebuildingtosafety.

問題1選項

A.onthedecline

B.onthecontrary

C.forachange

D.roundtheclock

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。onthedecline在衰退中；onthecontrary正相反；forachange為了改變一下；roundtheclock晝夜不停地，不知疲倦地。由ambulance以及后面的“haulingpeopletrappedinthebuildingtosafety.把困在樓里的人拉到安全的地方”可知急救車晝夜不停地運輸被困人員。故D項符合題意。句意：救護車服務不分晝夜地把困在大樓里的人拉到安全的地方。

15.單選題

Theconferencechairmanmadea（

）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessoftheafternoonsession.

問題1選項

A.interesting

B.renewable

C.reversible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。interesting“有趣的”；renewable“可再生的”；reversible“可逆的，可撤銷的”；preliminary“初步的，開始的”。句意：在開始下午的主要議程之前，會議主席致了開幕詞。選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Thedentist’sconfidentmanner（

）methatIwasinsafehands.

問題1選項

A.insured

B.assured

C.ensured

D.secured

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。insure確保，投保；assure保證，擔保；ensure確保，使安全；secure保護，使安全。句意：牙醫(yī)自信的態(tài)度使我確信我是由可靠的醫(yī)生在診治。選項A和D不符合句意；選項Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that從句，意為使某人確信，符合句意；選項C發(fā)用法為ensuresth.tosb.，所以選項B正確。

17.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccr