考研考博-英語-仰恩大學考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-仰恩大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thecarshandlewellandhaveastrikingdesign,with“butterfly”doorsthat_______upandopen.

問題1選項

A.switch

B.sweep

C.swing

D.swell

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.switch（使）改變，轉(zhuǎn)變B.sweep打掃，清掃

C.swing（使）擺動，搖擺D.swell（使）凸出，鼓出

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞butterfly，可知車門的設計就像蝴蝶一樣，結(jié)合后面andopen，可知橫線處指的是車門打開的方式，swing符合語境，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】這款車操作良好，設計引人注目，它的蝴蝶門可以向上搖，然后打開。

2.單選題

Manycompaniesare（）toinvestinnanotechnologyresearch,fearingtheexposuretolegalactionthatcouldresultifonedayatechnologyisdeemeddangerous.

問題1選項

A.hesitant

B.constant

C.luxuriant

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:許多公司對投資納米技術研究猶豫不決，擔心有朝一日某項技術被認為是危險的，可能會受到法律訴訟。

考查形容詞辨析。hesitant猶豫的，疇躇的;constant不變的，恒定的，經(jīng)常的;luxuriant繁茂的，豐富的，奢華的，肥沃的；coherent連貫的，一致的，凝聚性的，粘在一起的。故A符合句意。

3.單選題

HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedtoapplytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

問題1選項

A.persuaded

B.todoherdoctorate

C.applyto

D.oftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】固定短語誤用。applyto改為applyfor。applyto適用于…，應用于…。applyfor申請,請求。題干意思事"申請中國科學院的研究生”，故需要改為applyfor。

4.單選題

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst（

）,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

問題1選項

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】potentiality潛力，可能性；priority優(yōu)先權(quán)，優(yōu)先考慮的事；superiority優(yōu)越，優(yōu)勢；responsibility責任，職責，義務。句意：如果利潤和金錢是你最優(yōu)先考慮的事，而對他人的承諾是你最不關心的，那么你的教育就是失敗的。選項B符合句意。

5.單選題

Itisunfairto（

）fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論”；generalize“概括，推廣”；minimize“使減到最少；最小化”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)接”。句意：從這兩件事來推斷是不公平的，說所有的年輕人都是莽撞的司機。選項A符合題意。

6.寫作題

Youarerequiredtowriteabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:“IsitbettertosetupabridgeorawallbetweenChinaandthewest?”

【答案】Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andwiththechangeofpeople’sidea,theworldisglobalizedincreasingly.Peopleareconfrontedwithanewinternationallifethatexchangesbetweenpeople,whetheritisbusinesstradeorsocialactivities,becomemorethanbefore.Thesamesituationwindsupbetweencountries.Inmyopinion,itisbettertosetupabridgebetweenChinaandthewest.

Abridgenotonlymakeslifemoreconvenient;itcouldalsobeasymbolofcommunication,understandingandfriendship.Therearevariousfactorsbadlyneededtobuilda“bridge”forChinaandthewest.Firstly,Chinaneedstoknowmoreaboutthewest,andthewestneedstoknowmoreaboutChina.Foranycountryintheworld,thepastalwaysholdsthekeytothepresentandthepresentisalwaysrootedinthepast.Furthermore,onlywhenweknowwhereacountryhascomefrom,couldwepossiblyunderstandwhythecountryiswhatitistoday,andonlythencouldwerealizeinwhichdirectionitisheading.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Chinaandthewestenabletotakemeasurestobuildabridgeinthisrespect.Foronething,theneedofbothsidestobuildabridgeofcommonculturalprosperitylinksthetwomajorcivilizationsofChinaandthewest.ChinarepresentstheEasterncivilizationinanimportantway,whilethewestisthebirthplaceoftheWesterncivilization.Foranother,theybothneedtobuildabridgeofeconomicgrowthandprosperity.Chinaisoneofthemostimportantmajoreconomiesintheworldandthewesthasmanybigmarkets.Wemustupholdopenmarket,speedupnegotiationsontheinvestmentagreement,andactivelyexplorethepossibilityofafreetradearea.Lastbutnotleast,theybothneedtobuildabridgeofreformandprogress.BothChinaandthewestarepursuingreformsthatareunprecedentedinhumanhistory,andbotharesailingunchartedwaters.Weneedtorespecteachother’spathofreformanddrawuponeachother’sreformexperience.Andweneedtopromoteworlddevelopmentandprogressthroughourreformefforts.

Inconclusion,buildingabridgehasadvantagesandweshouldsetupabridgewiththewest.

7.單選題

Whenthehostessreceivedmycomplimentonhernewcar,sherespondedwithgreatpleasureabouthowthecarisa（）buy.

問題1選項

A.modest

B.choice

C.superior

D.eloquent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:modest“謙虛的”；B:choice“精選的”；C:superior“優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；D:eloquent“意味深長的”。句意：當女主人聽到我對她新車的贊美，她高興地對我講起來這輛車是如何精心挑選的。結(jié)合此處句意，故B為正確答案。

8.單選題

Utopiaisaperfectplace.Itisaplacewithoutwar,hunger,poverty,orcrime.Itisaplacewherethepeopleworktogetherandshare.ThereisnomoneyinUtopiabecausethepeopledonotneedmoney.Theydonothavepersonalpossessionsbecauseeverythingbelongstoeveryone.AllofthepeopleareequalinUtopia,andthelawsareallfair.

Utopiaisnotanewplace.Plato,theancientGreekphilosopher,describedaperfectsocietyinhisfamousdialogueTheRepublic.InPlato'sRepublic,philosopherswerethekings,andeverypersonhadaplaceinthesociety.In1516,SirThomasMorewroteaboutanislandinthePacificOceanwhereeverythingwasperfect.Henamedtheisland“Utopia”.In1872,SamuelButlerwroteanovelaboutaperfectcountrywhichhenamed“Erehwon”.“Utopia”isaGreekwordthatmeans“notaplace”and“Erehwon”istheEnglishword“nowhere”spelledbackwards.

ManypeoplecametotheNewWorldtofindUtopia.TheShakers,areligiousgroup,wantedtolivelikethefirstChristians.TheShakersstartedtheirfirstcommunityinNewYorkin1776.GeorgeRapp,aGermanfarmer,cametotheUnitedStatesin1804tostartaUtopiancommunity.In1815,RappandhisfollowersboughtlandfortheircommunityinHarmony,Indiana,andtheymadethethingstheyneededwithmachines.In1824,theysoldthecommunitytoRobertOwen,whostartedtheUtopiancommunityofNewHarmonythere.InNewHarmony,everythingbelongedtoeveryoneandmenandwomenwereequal,butNewHarmonylastedonlytwoyears.ThenFrancisWrightbeganNashoba,acommunitywherewhitepeopleandblackpeoplecouldliveandworktogether,nearMemphis,Tennessee.Nashobalastedfrom1825to1830.AgroupofintellectualsfoundedBrookFarm,aUtopianfarmingcommunity,in1841.However,theydidnothavemanyfarmingskills,sothefarmclosedin1847.Fouryearslater,JosiahWarrensetupModernTimes,ananarchistcommunitynearNewYorkCity.Itclosedin1857.

Utopiaisaperfectplace,butitisnotarealplace.Most“real”Utopiaslastonlyashorttime.ThisisbecauseeveryonewantstoliveinUtopia,butnooneknowshowtomakeitwork.Asaresult,whenwesaysomethingis“Utopian”today,wemeanthatitisagoodideabutitisnotrealistic.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat（）.

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatShakers（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatedefinitionof“ananarchistcommunity”?

5.Allthe“Utopias”mentionedinthethirdparagraphlastedonlyabrieftimebecause（）.

問題1選項

A.whatmakesUtopia

B.howtobuildUtopia

C.theoriginofUtopia

D.theeconomyofUtopia

問題2選項

A.“Utopia”isawordcreatedbyThomasMore

B.“Utopia”hasthesameconceptas“Erehwon”

C.ThomasMorenamedtheisland“Utopia”becausehewasGreek

D.thecharacteristicsofUtopiawerefirstmentionedinTheRepublic

問題3選項

A.foundedthefirstcommunityinNewYork

B.believedthefirstChristiancommunitywasUtopia

C.hadtriedtofindUtopiaonlyinNewYork

D.hadestablishedthefirstrealUtopiaintheworld

問題4選項

A.Acommunitywhosemembersbelieveinsomekindofreligion.

B.Acommunitywherepeopleliveundermuchself-control.

C.Acommunitywhereitsmembersaresupposedtobeequal.

D.Acommunitywhichiseconomicallypoorbutspirituallyrich.

問題5選項

A.themembersdidn'tknowhowtorealizetheideaofUtopia

B.thememberswerenotsatisfiedwiththeideaofUtopia

C.thememberswerenotcapableenoughtobuildacommunity

D.themembersfoundthatUtopiaalsohadshortcomings

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout______.1.第一段主要是關于______。

A.whatmakesUtopiaA.烏托邦的形成

B.howtobuildUtopiaB.如何建立烏托邦

C.theoriginofUtopiaC.烏托邦的起源

D.theeconomyofUtopiaD.烏托邦的經(jīng)濟

【答案】A

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先定位原文第一段，第一句指出“烏托邦是一個完美的地方”，然后后面具體描述這個地方是怎樣的，是如何美好等這些信息，都是在描述是什么造就了烏托邦，所以第一段主要是關于烏托邦是如何形成的，A項“烏托邦的形成”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B項“如何建立烏托邦”根據(jù)解題思路，該項曲解原文；

C項“烏托邦的起源”是第二段的內(nèi)容，屬于張冠李戴；

D項“烏托邦的經(jīng)濟”沒有提及，無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat______.2.從第二段可以推斷______。

A.“Utopia”isawordcreatedbyThomasMoreA.“烏托邦”是托馬斯?莫爾創(chuàng)造的一個詞語

B.“Utopia”hasthesameconceptas“Erehwon”B.“烏托邦”和“埃雷亨”有相同的概念

C.ThomasMorenamedtheisland“Utopia”becausehewasGreekC.托馬斯?莫爾把這個島命名為“烏托邦”，因為他是希臘人

D.thecharacteristicsofUtopiawerefirstmentionedinTheRepublicD.烏托邦的特征在《理想國》中首次被提及

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“1872年，塞繆爾?巴特勒寫了一本關于一個完美國家的小說，他將其命名為‘埃雷亨’：‘烏托邦’是一個希臘語單詞，意思是‘非真實存在的地方’，而‘埃雷亨’是英語單詞‘nowhere’的倒寫形式”，這也就是說，“埃雷亨”和“烏托邦”概念相同，都是表示“非真實存在的地方”。所以B項“‘烏托邦’和‘埃雷亨’有相同的概念”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“‘烏托邦’是托馬斯?莫爾創(chuàng)造的一個詞語”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，“烏托邦”是一個希臘詞語，所以并不是托馬斯?莫爾創(chuàng)造出來的，他只是把島嶼命名為“烏托邦”，該項屬于曲解原文；

C項“托馬斯?莫爾把這個島命名為‘烏托邦’，因為他是希臘人”，原文沒有提到托馬斯?莫爾是希臘人，該項無中生有；

D項“烏托邦的特征在《理想國》中首次被提及”，該段并沒有提到烏托邦的特征是首次在《理想國》中提及，該項無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatShakers______.3.從文章中我們可以得知震教徒______。

A.foundedthefirstcommunityinNewYorkA.在紐約建立了第一個社區(qū)

B.believedthefirstChristiancommunitywasUtopiaB.認為第一個基督教社區(qū)是烏托邦

C.hadtriedtofindUtopiaonlyinNewYorkC.只在紐約尋找烏托邦

D.hadestablishedthefirstrealUtopiaintheworldD.已經(jīng)建立了世界上第一個真正的烏托邦

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞Shakers定位到第三段，根據(jù)第二和第三句“震教徒，一個宗教團體，想要像第一批基督徒一樣生活。震教徒于1776年在紐約建立了他們的第一個社區(qū)?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑?，這個團體認為第一批基督徒所生活的社區(qū)是烏托邦，所以才會來到新大陸尋找烏托邦。所以B項“認為第一個基督教社區(qū)是烏托邦”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“在紐約建立了第一個社區(qū)”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，震教徒建立的是屬于他們自己團體的第一個社區(qū)，并不是紐約市的第一個，該項曲解原文；

C項“只在紐約尋找烏托邦”，他們是在新大陸而不僅僅是在紐約尋找烏托邦，最后是在紐約建立了社區(qū)，該項曲解原文；

D項“已經(jīng)建立了世界上第一個真正的烏托邦”，沒有提及，無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatedefinitionof“ananarchistcommunity”?4.下列哪一項可能是“無政府主義社區(qū)”最恰當?shù)亩x？

A.Acommunitywhosemembersbelieveinsomekindofreligion.A.成員信仰某種宗教的社區(qū)。

B.Acommunitywherepeopleliveundermuchself-control.B.一個人們生活在自我控制之下的社區(qū)。

C.Acommunitywhereitsmembersaresupposedtobeequal.C.一個成員應該平等的社區(qū)。

D.Acommunitywhichiseconomicallypoorbutspirituallyrich.D.一個經(jīng)濟上貧窮但精神上富有的社區(qū)。

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞ananarchistcommunity可定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句“四年后，喬賽亞?沃倫在紐約市附近建立了一個無政府主義社區(qū)”，在這之前所提及的community都是屬于烏托邦式的，由此可以推斷ananarchistcommunity也屬于烏托邦式的社區(qū)，而描寫前面幾個烏托邦式的社區(qū)時，對此有描述，如第三段第七和第八句“在新和諧社會，一切都屬于所有人，男女平等，但新和諧社會只持續(xù)了兩年。后來，弗朗西斯?賴特在田納西州孟菲斯附近創(chuàng)建了納舒巴社區(qū)，在那里白人和黑人可以一起生活和工作?！保汕懊鎸ι鐓^(qū)的描述我們可以看出，equal這個關鍵詞能夠很好的表達出烏托邦的特點，所以C項“一個成員應該平等的社區(qū)”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“成員信仰某種宗教的社區(qū)”、B項“一個人們生活在自我控制之下的社區(qū)”和D項“一個經(jīng)濟上貧窮但精神上富有的社區(qū)”在文章中沒有相關描述，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Allthe“Utopias”mentionedinthethirdparagraphlastedonlyabrieftimebecause______.5.第三段提到的所有“烏托邦”都只持續(xù)了很短的時間，因為______。

A.themembersdidn’tknowhowtorealizetheideaofUtopiaA.成員們不知道如何實現(xiàn)烏托邦的想法

B.thememberswerenotsatisfiedwiththeideaofUtopiaB.成員們對烏托邦的想法并不滿意

C.thememberswerenotcapableenoughtobuildacommunityC.成員們沒有足夠的能力建立一個社區(qū)

D.themembersfoundthatUtopiaalsohadshortcomingsD.成員們發(fā)現(xiàn)烏托邦也有缺點

【答案】A

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第二三句“大多數(shù)真正的烏托邦只能維持很短的時間。這是因為每個人都想生活在烏托邦里，但沒有人知道如何實現(xiàn)它。”可知，第三段提到的所有“烏托邦”都只持續(xù)了很短的時間，因為社區(qū)成員不知道如何去實現(xiàn)烏托邦式的生活，A項“成員們不知道如何實現(xiàn)烏托邦的想法”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B項“成員們對烏托邦的想法并不滿意”和D項“成員們發(fā)現(xiàn)烏托邦也有缺點”沒有提及，無中生有；

C項“成員們沒有足夠的能力建立一個社區(qū)”由解題思路可知，該項曲解原文。

9.單選題

Inthespringof2010,fiscalausteritybecamefashionable.Iusethetermadvisedly:thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.Itwasmorelikeafad,somethingeveryoneprofessedtobelievebecausethatwaswhatthein-crowdwassaying.

Andit’safadthathasbeenfadinglately,asevidencehasaccumulatedthatthelessonsofthepastremainrelevant,thattryingtobalancebudgetsinthefaceofhighunemploymentandfallinginflationisstillareallybadidea.Mostnotably,theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemploymentbecauseitreassuresconsumersandbusinesses;butmultiplestudiesofhistoricalrecord,includingonebytheInternationalMonetaryFund,haveshownthatthisclaimhasnobasisinreality.

Nowidespreadfadeverpasses,however,withoutleavingsomefashionvictimsinitswake.Inthiscase,thevictimsarethepeopleofBritain,whohavethemisfortunetoberuledbyagovernmentthattookofficeattheheightoftheausterityfadandwon’tadmitthatitwaswrong.Britain,likeAmerica,issufferingfromtheaftermathofahousinganddebtbubble.ItsproblemsarecompoundedbyLondon’sroleasaninternationalfinancialcenter:Britaincametorelyontoomuchonprofitsfromwheelinganddealingtodriveitseconomyandonfinancial-industrytaxpaymentstopayforgovernmentprograms.

Over-relianceonthefinancialindustrylargelyexplainswhyBritain,whichcameintothecrisiswithrelativelylowpublicdebt,hasseenitsbudgetdeficitsoarto11percentofGD.P.slightlyworsethantheU.S.deficit.Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.Theoperativewordhereshould,however,be“eventually.”Fiscalausteritywilldepresstheeconomyfurtherunlessitcanbeoffsetbyafallininterestrates.Rightnow,interestratesinBritain,asinAmerica,arealreadyverylow,withlittleroomtofallfurther.Thesensiblething,then,istodeviseaplanforputtingthenation’sfiscalhouseinorder,whilewaitinguntilasolideconomicrecoveryisunderwaybeforewieldingtheax.

Buttrendyfashion,almostbydefinition,isn’tsensibleandtheBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.BoththenewBritishbudgetannouncedonWednesdayandtherhetoricthataccompaniedtheannouncementmighthavecomestraightfromthedeskofAndrewMellon,theTreasurysecretarywhotoldPresidentHerbertHoovertofighttheDepressionbyliquidatingthefarmers,liquidatingtheworkers,anddrivingdownwages.OrifyouprefermoreBritishprecedents,itechoestheSnowdenbudgetof1931,whichtriedtorestoreconfidencebutendedupdeepeningtheeconomiccrisis.

TheBritishgovernment’splanisbold,saythepunditsandsoitis.Butitboldlygoesinexactlythewrongdirection.Itwouldcutgovernmentemploymentby490,000workerstheequivalentofalmostthreemillionlayoffsintheUnitedStatesatatimewhentheprivatesectorisinnopositiontoprovidealternativeemployment.Itwouldslashspendingatatimewhenprivatedemandisn’tatallreadytotakeuptheslack.WhyistheBritishgovernmentdoingthis?Therealreasonhasalottodowithideology:theToriesareusingthedeficitasanexcusetodownsizethewelfarestate.Buttheofficialrationaleisthatthereisnoalternative.

Whathappensnow?MaybeBritainwillgetlucky,andsomethingwillcomealongtorescuetheeconomy.ButthebestguessisthatBritainin2011willlooklikeBritainin1931,ortheUnitedStatesin1937,orJapanin1997.Thatis,prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump.Asalways,thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.

1.The“fiscalausterity”refersto（）.

2.Bysaying“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth”，theauthormeans（）.

3.Whatiswrongwiththecurrentgovernment’sfinancialpolicy?

4.BymentioningAndrewMellon,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Totheauthor,thepracticeoffiscalausteritywillcertainlyleadto（）.

問題1選項

A.theconsensusamongfinancialadvisers

B.thereductioninexpenditure

C.thesevereeconomicrecession

D.thehighinflationrate

問題2選項

A.balancingbudgetsdoesnothelpwithemployment

B.businesseshavenotimprovedtheiroperation

C.reducingbudgetsisnolongerafadnow

D.fallinginflationhasgivenconsumersconfidence

問題3選項

A.Itcutsfinancial-industrytaxpayments.

B.ItignoresBritain’sfinancialsituation.

C.IthaslaunchedBritainintoanotherslump.

D.ItismadeasaresponsetocrisesinAmerica.

問題4選項

A.theAmericanleadershavemadethesamemistake

B.theTreasurysecretaryignoredtheinterestsofthefarmersandworkers

C.theBritishgovernment’sbudgetplanisseriouslywrong

D.theAmericanleadersgivesubstantialsupporttotheirBritishcounterparts

問題5選項

A.anunexpectedrecovery

B.improvedemployment

C.renewedconfidence

D.arepeatedrecession

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscalausterity等同于這里的balancebudgets。嚴肅人士之間突然達成的共識是，現(xiàn)在每個人都必須平衡預算，而這種共識并不是基于任何仔細的分析。所以平衡預算需要縮減開支，選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemployment”，可知自信的神話變成了一種虛構(gòu)。用來暗示財政緊縮政策并沒有幫助經(jīng)濟恢復，而財政赤字實際上能降低失業(yè)率，并且在第二段中用大量的事實說明了財政緊縮政策并沒帶來實際作用?？赏茢喑鲐斦o縮政策對提高就業(yè)率并沒有產(chǎn)生幫助。選項A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.”，可知毫無疑問，英國最終將需要通過削減開支和增加稅收來平衡收支?？赏茢喑鱿鳒p金融業(yè)的稅收的財政政策是錯誤的。選項A符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“theBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.”，可知英國政府似乎忽視了歷史的教訓。下文用AndrewMellon的荒謬政策加深經(jīng)濟危機的例子來進一步說明英國政府的平衡收支計劃是錯誤的，忽視了歷史教訓。選項C符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump…thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.”，可知過早的財政緊縮將導致新一輪的經(jīng)濟衰退，拒絕吸取歷史教訓的人注定要重蹈覆轍?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J為財政緊縮的做法肯定會導致經(jīng)濟衰退重蹈覆轍。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan’tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.ThepeopleofquakeruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodsraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtillwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggedbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.So,findingoneall-purposewarningsignisimpossible.Onereason:Quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan’tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults(斷層).Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreasFault(圣安得列斯斷層).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researchersrancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderatesizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake’senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthquakewillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquakeproofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor’sfocusinPara.3ison______.

3.It’simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe______.

問題1選項

A.Lastweek’squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists’abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled.

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

問題2選項

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures3.It’simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause______.

問題3選項

A.scientistscan’tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it’shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

問題4選項

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingsurviveanyearthquake

C.buildingsinNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe______.

問題5選項

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes:CanWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can’tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關于神戶，下面哪個陳述是正確的？”。第一段最后一句提到ThepeopleofquakeruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.（上周遭受地震災害的神戶人了解到這個宣稱錯的多么離譜）可知，神戶上周發(fā)生了地震；結(jié)合文章第三段最后一句BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.（神戶地震和1994年的北嶺地震都發(fā)生在小斷層上）可知，A項“上周的地震發(fā)生在小斷層上”正確；B項“那里的人們相信科學家預測地震的能力”與原文相反；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后兩句Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.（它們可能會搖晃，但地震也意外地削弱了它們鋼骨架的關節(jié)。如果搖晃的時間更長或更強烈，建筑物可能會倒塌。）可知，C項“地震導致建筑物搖晃，而不是倒塌”錯誤；由文章最后一句話Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthquakewillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitored（但可以肯定的是，下一次地震將再次證明，不可能每一個斷層都被監(jiān)測到）可知，D項“可以預測到的是由于更多的研究，每一個斷層都可以監(jiān)測到”表述錯誤。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第三段中作者的重點是……”。根據(jù)第三段第一句Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.（即使發(fā)現(xiàn)了地震前兆，也不可能在所有危險的地震之前警告人類）和第三句Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.（不可能把監(jiān)測儀器都放在小斷層上面）可以推知，想要預測地震是不可能的，因此B項“預測地震的不可能性”正確；A項“需要更多的研究”、C項“更強結(jié)構(gòu)的設計和地震前兆的發(fā)現(xiàn)”和D項“建造完全抗震的結(jié)構(gòu)的不可能性”在該段都沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“在地震中避免損害是不可能的，因為……”。由文章第二段最后一句Quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan’tstudythemdirectly.（地震發(fā)生在地球深處，所以科學家不能直接研究它們）可知，A項“科學家不能直接研究發(fā)生在地球深處的地震”正確；由第四段第二句Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures（盡管在過去的10到15年里，地震工程有了顯著的進步，但每一次新的地震都揭示出“抗震”結(jié)構(gòu)意想不到的弱點）可知，B項“很難建造完美的抗震結(jié)構(gòu)”正確；由第三段第三句Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.（不可能把監(jiān)測儀器都放在小斷層上面）可知，C項“儀器不能放置在所有的小斷層上”也符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項“以上所有”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示……”。根據(jù)第四段第二句Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures（盡管在過去的10到15年里，地震工程有了顯著的進步，但每一次新的地震都揭示出“抗震”結(jié)構(gòu)意想不到的弱點）可知，D項“地震工程已經(jīng)改進到足以使結(jié)構(gòu)抵御地震”錯誤；由第五段中的Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.（但此后工程師們在幸存的120座鋼框架建筑中發(fā)現(xiàn)了隱藏的問題。這些結(jié)構(gòu)應該隨地球搖擺而不是坍塌。）可知，B項“鋼框架建筑可以在任何地震中存活下來”也錯誤；第五段第一句提到well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse（建造良好的建筑物通常不會倒塌），但是A項“直立很好的結(jié)構(gòu)不會倒塌”沒有提及；由IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse…Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.（另一方面，在北嶺地震中，建造良好的建筑物通常不會倒塌……它們可能會搖晃，但地震也意外地削弱了它們鋼骨架的關節(jié)。如果搖晃的時間更長或更強烈，建筑物可能會倒塌。）可推斷，C項“北嶺的建筑物可能會在更強的地震中倒塌”符合題意。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標題是……”。這篇文章主要講的是人類就目前的情況而言無法準確預測地震以及無法非常有效的控制地震的問題；A項“自然是人類無法控制的”范圍太大，故不選；C項“預測和抑制地震的新方法和更強的結(jié)構(gòu)”太片面；D項“難道我們不能預測地震嗎？”不符合文意，故排除；只有B項“地震：我們能控制它們嗎？”符合文章的主旨大意。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

11.單選題

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwastho