考研考博-英語-大連理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

______theymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：這些建筑機(jī)器人非常聰明，它們最終可能會使建筑工地所需的勞動力減少90%。根據(jù)狀語前置用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，排除B、D選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)使題目成為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整句子，不符合題意。根據(jù)語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子還原成Theconstructionrobotsaresocleverthattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflabor…，that在這里省略，A選項(xiàng)Socleveraretheconstructionrobots符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thereareseveral______betweentheoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exaggerations

B.discrepancies

C.breakthroughs

D.compliances

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exaggeration“夸張；夸大之詞；夸張的手法”；B選項(xiàng)discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破；突破性進(jìn)展”；D選項(xiàng)compliance“順從，服從；符合；屈從；可塑性”。句意：費(fèi)用的原始估計(jì)和實(shí)際賬單之間有幾處不一致。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Nations,likeindividualsorsportsteams,willnotfollowleaderstheydon'trespect,whosegoalsareunclear,whosephilosophyisnotin_______withacceptedhumanvalues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.synonym

B.syne

C.synod

D.sync

【答案】D

【解析】synonym同義字;syne自從;synod大會,宗教會議;sync同時(shí);同步。句意：國家,就像個(gè)人或運(yùn)動隊(duì)一樣,不會追隨他們不受他們尊重,目標(biāo)不明確,人生觀也與公認(rèn)的人類價(jià)值觀不一致的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThisisWPCSuePorter’sthirdyearasamemberofAvonandSomerset’staskforce,aspecialized“hit-squad”providingsupportforhercolleagues.Herjobisphysicallyandmentallytaxing.Fromdisarmingaknifeattackertobringingroundthevictimofacarcrashsheisexpectedtoperformaswellastheboys.

Her119malecolleaguesinthesquadwoulddoubtlessrecognizethatthewords“taskforce”areusuallyassociatedwithmales.Totrytoremedythistheunitwasrenamed“supportteam”onJanuary1.Porter,26,isoneofthreewomenworkinginit.“I’mnotouttoprovesomethingbecauseI’mawoman.I’mouttobeme.Theycan’texpectanymorefrommeandiftheydothey’regoingtobedisappointed,”shesays.

Porterislessthan5ft5intallandweighsaboutninestone.Inafightshesayshercolleagueswouldprobablyfeelbetterwitha6ftwell-builtmanbehindthem.“IfIknowwearegoingwherethingsaregoingtobedifficultIoffertodrive.Thedriveralwaysstayswiththevan.Butno-oneelsewouldeveraskmetodrive,andoftenwedon’thavetimetoprepareandit’stheonesinthebackwhogetoutanddealwithit.”Lastyear,“dealingwithit”includedhavingbuildingblocksandbricksthrownattheminseveralprotestsandriots.

Portersaystheviolenceisthere,nomatterwhatsexyouare.“Beingawomanmakeslittledifference.Sometimespeopletellyouthatyoushouldn’tbeinthisjob,butthat’susuallytheirwayofexplainingwhythey’vehityou.Butsometimesacoupleofmenwillreactbettertoawomantellingthemtocalmdown:theyseeabigmanasagoodopportunitytofight.”

AtthestationPorterbooksinherstrugglingprisoner.Hehasnohomeaddressandisunemployed.Hedoesnotlikebeingarrestedbyawomanandkeepsswearingather.“I’llseeyouincourt,”heshoutsasheisdraggedtoacell.

Porterlooksonwithoutemotion.Itis3:30amandthereisstillthepaperworktodo.Theteamwillreassembleat7:30pmtoprepareforArsenalfanscomingintoasleepyYeovilforanFAcupmatch.Itcouldbeabusynight.

6.Whatdoes“taxing”,inthethirdline,mean?

7.Whydidn’tthemenonthesquadaskhertodrive?

8.Whatdowelearnaboutthepeopleinprotestsandriots?

9.Whydidsomepeoplesaysheshouldn’tbeonthehit-squad?

10.Howdidtheprisonerreacttoherarrestinghim?

11.Howdidshefeelaboutherprisoner?

12.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthisarticle?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.easy

B.difficult

C.terrible

D.satisfactory

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyrespectedher.

B.Shewasn’tagooddriver.

C.Shehadtostaywiththevan.

D.Theywereafraidsomeonewouldhurther.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyalwaysthrowthingsatthepolice.

B.Theyrarelythrowthingsatthepolice.

C.Theysometimesthrowthingsatthepolice.

D.Theyneverthrowthingsatthepolice.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantedtoexplainhowtheyfelt.

B.Theythoughtthatmenusuallyreactedbetter.

C.Theyfeltguilty.

D.Theywereinnocent.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hedraggedhertoacell.

B.Heaskedhertoreadhimhisrights.

C.Hetriedtoinsulther.

D.Hecalmeddown.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Shewasfrightenedofhim.

B.Shewasconfusedaboutherfeelings.

C.Shewaspleasedthatshehadarrestedhim.

D.Shedidn’tfeelanythingatall.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Hardnightforapolicewoman

B.Noequalityinthepoliceforce

C.Policeofficerslikeviolence

D.Policeworktoughforbeginners

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“taxing”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Herjobisphysicallyandmentallytaxing.（她的工作讓人身心俱疲。），說明“taxing”在文中是指“繁重、費(fèi)力”的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)“困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“容易”，C選項(xiàng)“可怕”，D選項(xiàng)“滿意”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“drive”可以定位到文章第三段第三、四、五句IfIknowwearegoingwherethingsaregoingtobedifficultIoffertodrive.Thedriveralwaysstayswiththevan.Butno-oneelsewouldeveraskmetodrive,andoftenwedon’thavetimetoprepareandit’stheonesinthebackwhogetoutanddealwithit.（如果我知道我們要去的地方事情會很棘手，我就會提出開車。司機(jī)總是和貨車待在一起。但沒有人會要求我開車，而且我們經(jīng)常沒有時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備，都是后面的人出來處理。），說明隊(duì)伍里的男人并不會因?yàn)樗桥远J(rèn)為她不能完成任務(wù)。因此A選項(xiàng)“他們尊重她”正確。B選項(xiàng)“她不是一個(gè)好司機(jī)”，D選項(xiàng)“他們害怕有人會傷害她”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“她不得不和貨車待在一起”，原文說的是司機(jī)必須和貨車待在一起，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Lastyear,“dealingwithit”includedhavingbuildingblocksandbricksthrownattheminseveralprotestsandriots.（去年，“處理”包括在幾次抗議和騷亂中，有人向他們?nèi)臃e木和磚頭。），說明抗議和騷亂中的人們向警察扔過幾次東西。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們有時(shí)會向警察扔?xùn)|西”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們總是向警察扔?xùn)|西”，B選項(xiàng)“他們很少向警察扔?xùn)|西”，D選項(xiàng)“他們從不向警察扔?xùn)|西”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三句Sometimespeopletellyouthatyoushouldn’tbeinthisjob,butthat’susuallytheirwayofexplainingwhythey’vehityou.（有時(shí)人們會告訴你，你不應(yīng)該從事這份工作，但這通常是他們辯解為什么打你的方式。），說明有些人說她不應(yīng)該加入突擊小隊(duì)的原因是他們?yōu)閯邮执蛄巳硕鴥?nèi)疚，尋求開脫。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們感到內(nèi)疚”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們想解釋他們的感受”，B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為男人通常反應(yīng)更好”，D選項(xiàng)“他們是無辜的”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

10.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第三句Hedoesnotlikebeingarrestedbyawomanandkeepsswearingather.（他不喜歡被一個(gè)女人逮捕，一直罵她。），說明犯人在被她逮捕時(shí)一直咒罵她。因此C選項(xiàng)“他想侮辱她”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他把她拖到一間牢房里”，原文說的是犯人被拖進(jìn)牢房，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他要求她向他宣讀他的權(quán)利”，D選項(xiàng)“他冷靜了下來”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

11.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Porterlooksonwithoutemotion.（波特不動聲色地看著。），說明她對犯人毫無感覺。因此D選項(xiàng)“她一點(diǎn)感覺都沒有”正確。A選項(xiàng)“她對他感到害怕”，B選項(xiàng)“她對自己的感情感到困惑”，C選項(xiàng)“她為自己逮捕了他而感到高興”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

12.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了波特作為一名女警的工作內(nèi)容和面臨的情況，接著描述了一個(gè)忙碌的夜晚，她在車站逮捕犯人后還有文書工作要做，以及為足球賽做準(zhǔn)備，說明本文的主要內(nèi)容是介紹女警工作的困難。因此A選項(xiàng)“女警的艱難之夜”最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。B選項(xiàng)“警察隊(duì)伍不平等”，C選項(xiàng)“警察喜歡暴力”，D選項(xiàng)“警察的工作對初學(xué)者來說是艱難的”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

Duringourexploration,wediscoveredthatpeoplewillexploitthenewnessandbreadthoftheInformationMarketplacetosupporttheirwishesand______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breaches

B.premises

C.ruts

D.predilections

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)breach“違背，違反，缺口”，B項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定”，C項(xiàng)rut“發(fā)情期，慣例，性沖動”，D項(xiàng)predilection“偏愛，嗜好”。根據(jù)句子可知空格處填入的詞和wishes“愿望”并列，那么四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有predilection符合語境。句意：在我們的探索過程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們會利用信息市場的新穎性和廣度來支持他們的愿望和偏好。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；C選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項(xiàng)consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

7.單選題

11.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aspirant.

B.Courageous.

C.Cautious.

D.Amiable(溫和的).

【答案】B

【解析】M:Katewastheonlyonebraveenoughtospeakhermindatthemeetingtoday.

W:Yeah,alotofpeoplefeltthesameway,butweretooscaredtosayanything.Shejustvoicedtheaspirationofthem.

Q:WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeKate?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)對話可知，Kate敢于在會議上表達(dá)自己的想法，很多人也想如此，但因害怕沉默不語。故選B。

8.單選題

Theunemployedmanis（）aboutstreetswithacigarinhishandandamiserablefeelinginmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plunging

B.patrolling

C.lounging

D.lingering

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plunging“驟降；投入”；B選項(xiàng)patrolling“巡邏；偵查”；C選項(xiàng)lounging“懶洋洋地站著”；D選項(xiàng)lingering“徘徊；磨蹭”。句意：那個(gè)失業(yè)的人手里拿著雪茄在街上……，心里愁悶不安。D選項(xiàng)符合語境語義，故選D。

9.填空題

Thewideapplicationofelectroniccomputersinscienceandtechnologywillfreemanfromthelaborofcomplicatedmeasurementand_______.(compute)

【答案】computation

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】and前后表示并列，橫線處應(yīng)該和measurement都是名詞，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞computers，可知橫線處單詞表示計(jì)算的意思，computation意思為“計(jì)算”，符合語境。

【句意】電子計(jì)算機(jī)在科學(xué)技術(shù)方面的廣泛應(yīng)用將使人們從復(fù)雜的測量和計(jì)算中解放出來。

10.單選題

InmostcountriesaPhDisabasicrequirementforacareerinacademia.Itisa(n)（1）totheworldofindependentresearch一akindofintellectual（2）,createdbyanapprenticeinclosecollaborationwitha(n)（3）.Therequirementstocompleteone（4）enormouslybetweencountries,universitiesandeven（5）.Somestudentswillfirsthavetospendtwoyearsworkingona（6）degreeordiploma.Somewillreceiveastipend;otherswill（7）theirownway.SomePhDs（8）onlyresearch,somerequire（9）andexaminationsandsomerequirethestudenttoteachundergraduates.A(n)（10）canbedozensofpagesinmathematics,ormanyhundredsinhistory.Asaresult,newlymintedPhDscanbeasyoungastheir（11）20sorworld-wearyforty-（12）.

OnethingmanyPhDstudentshavein（13）isdissatisfaction.Somedescribetheirwork（14）“slavelabor”.Seven-dayweeks,ten-hourdays,lowpayanduncertain（15）arewidespread.Youknowyouareagraduatestudent,（16）acomment,whenyourofficeisbetterdecoratedthanyourhomeandyouhaveafavoriteflavorof（17）noodles.“Itisn’tgraduateschoolitselfthatisdiscouraging,”saysonestudent,whoconfessestoratherenjoyingthehuntforfreepizza.“What’sdiscouragingisrealizingtheendpointhasbeenpulledoutofreach.”

WhiningPhDstudentsarenothingnew,butthereseemtobegenuineproblems（18）thesystemthatproducesresearchdoctorates(thepractical“professionaldoctorates”infieldssuchaslaw,businessandmedicinehaveamoreobviousvalue).ThereisanoversupplyofPhDs.Althoughadoctorateis（19）astrainingforajobinacademia,thenumberofPhDpositionsis（20）tothenumberofjobopenings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conclusion

B.introduction

C.steppingstone

D.milestone

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.paper

B.project

C.masterpiece

D.exercises

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.student

B.assistant

C.supervisor

D.editor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.change

B.alter

C.fluctuate

D.vary

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.subjects

B.lessons

C.sectors

D.courses

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.bachelor’s

B.doctorate’s

C.master’s

D.engineer’s

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.pay

B.find

C.fight

D.pick

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.participate

C.take

D.involve

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.credits

B.exercises

C.classes

D.experiments

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.thesis

B.book

C.assignment

D.report

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.earlier

B.earliest

C.early

D.earliness

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.something

B.somethings

C.anything

D.anythings

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.odd

B.contradiction

C.similarity

D.common

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.of

C.to

D.as

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.prospects

B.perspectives

C.potentials

D.speculations

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.going

B.goes

C.hasgone

D.go

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.fast

B.quick

C.rapid

D.instant

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.with

C.upon

D.to

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.compared

B.designed

C.suspected

D.admitted

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.unrelated

B.uncorrelated

C.proportional

D.coincident

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】第1題:（1）根據(jù)原文句意：博士學(xué)位是進(jìn)入獨(dú)立研究這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的入門階段。steppingstone墊腳石，帶有貶義色彩，所以不正確；milestone里程碑。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語境。

（2）句意：博士學(xué)位也是一種智力杰作，由學(xué)徒與導(dǎo)師密切合作完成。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（3）apprentice意為“徒弟”,所以填空處應(yīng)該為導(dǎo)師，選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

（4）句意:在不同的國家，不同的大學(xué)，完成一門課程的要求都有很大的不同。vary強(qiáng)調(diào)多樣性，所以更符合原文語境。

（5）完成一門課程應(yīng)該是各個(gè)學(xué)科的要求。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文句意。

（6）文章主要講的是博士學(xué)位，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（7）payone’sownway為固定搭配，意為“完全自費(fèi)”。句意：有些人將獲得助學(xué)金；另一些人則是完全自費(fèi)。選項(xiàng)A正確。

（8）句意：有些博士只需要從事研究。attend出席，不符合原文；participate一般與介詞in搭配；take一般不跟research搭配。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（9）根據(jù)下文的“examinations”可知這是一種先上課然后考試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（10）畢業(yè)需要寫論文，所以這里應(yīng)填入thesis。句意：一篇論文可以是幾十頁的數(shù)學(xué)論文，也可以是幾百頁的歷史論文。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（11）選項(xiàng)中能與年齡搭配的只有選項(xiàng)C。

（12）forty-somethings為復(fù)合詞，指“四十幾歲的人”。

（13）haveincommon“有共同之處”。句意:許多博士生都有一個(gè)共同之處，那就是感到不滿意。選項(xiàng)D符合原文句意。

（14）describe…as…為常用搭配，意為“把……形容為/描述為...”。句意：有些博士生把他們的工作描述為“奴隸勞動”。

（15）prospects前景；perspectives視角；potentials潛力；speculations投機(jī)。根據(jù)句意:每周工作7天，每天工作10小時(shí)，工資低，前途未卜，這些現(xiàn)象都很普遍。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（16）這里采用了倒裝語序，陳述語序?yàn)?asacommentgoes，意為“有評論說”。類似于asasayinggoes。這里是將goes提前且省略了as。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（17）根據(jù)原文可知，這里應(yīng)該指方便面或速食面。instantnoodles為常用搭配，其他選項(xiàng)均不能與noodles搭配。

（18）句意：這一體系似乎真正存在問題。with表示問題是伴隨著系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的。

（19）句意：盡管博士學(xué)位主要是為學(xué)術(shù)研究而設(shè)計(jì)的...。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（20）句意：盡管博士學(xué)位主要是為學(xué)術(shù)研究而設(shè)計(jì)的，但博士職位的數(shù)量與職位空缺的數(shù)量卻毫無關(guān)聯(lián)。uncorrelatedto“與...毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的”。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

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11.單選題

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfilsevensomeofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear.Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthencorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventiongenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofhumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.”

1.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

2.Thechiefpurposeofgeneengineeringisto______.

3.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

4.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

5.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.geneengineeringfailstofulfilsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.geneengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.actualworkongeneengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（潛在的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)肯定是閃閃發(fā)光的。在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來，通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除，也就是所謂的基因工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾病。隨著時(shí)間的推移，基因測試使人們能夠選擇合適的治療方法和生活方式來戰(zhàn)勝疾病。在這兩者之間，還有更誘人的前景：數(shù)以千計(jì)的新藥可以治療以前無法治療的疾病；為個(gè)人量身定制的藥物，副作用少得多，能夠替換有缺陷的基因，從源頭上消除疾病。）”，由此可知題干中potentialprizescertainlyglitter的意思是真正的工程必將被證明是一項(xiàng)富有成效的研究，即它可以治療遺傳疾病，所以C選項(xiàng)“真正的工程必將被證明是一項(xiàng)富有成效的研究”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“追尋人類的生命密碼肯定會引發(fā)很多爭論”；B選項(xiàng)“真正的工程沒有履行一些醫(yī)療承諾”以及D選項(xiàng)“基因研究的潛在回報(bào)實(shí)際上被證明是很小的”文章都沒有提及，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgenuineengineering.（在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來，通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除，也就是所謂的基因工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾病。）”，由此可知基因工程的主要目的是防止有缺陷的基因遺傳給下一代，B選項(xiàng)“防止有缺陷的基因傳遞給下一代”更符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“開發(fā)適合每個(gè)人的副作用更少的藥物”；C選項(xiàng)“為以前無法治療的疾病開發(fā)藥物”；D選項(xiàng)“找出治療絕癥的最佳療法”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段第一句話“Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.（但美國國家人類基因組研究所所長弗朗西斯?柯林斯博士表示，將堿基對數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的黃金數(shù)據(jù)的工作已經(jīng)開始。）”，再聯(lián)系下文可知，基因工程正在實(shí)施中，因此A選項(xiàng)“基因工程的實(shí)際工作正在進(jìn)行中”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“擺脫有缺陷的基因被證明是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)”和C選項(xiàng)“找到新療法的前景似乎很光明”不能從該句子體現(xiàn)出；根據(jù)第三段以及第四段“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear...Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.（我記錄了一年中發(fā)現(xiàn)的與人類疾病有關(guān)的基因……私營公司也梳理了數(shù)據(jù)，尋找與糖尿病、哮喘、牛皮癬和偏頭痛有關(guān)的基因。）”可知文章只提到弗朗西斯?柯林斯博士和私營公司在收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)，并沒有提到研究人員，因此D選項(xiàng)“研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)”說法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段的最后一句話“However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在處理了重大倫理保留意見和對可能出現(xiàn)的意外結(jié)果的安全擔(dān)憂之后，才允許對生命守則進(jìn)行這種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的干預(yù)。）”，由此可知在試圖干預(yù)人類基因時(shí)應(yīng)注意倫理以及安全問題，所以A選項(xiàng)“涉及的道德問題”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“被改變的異?；颉?；C選項(xiàng)“尋找生命的密碼”；D選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)健康基因”均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)珀維斯博士所說“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.（可能在很長一段時(shí)間以后，但這是基于人類相當(dāng)傲慢的觀點(diǎn)，即它會理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切——而我們過去從未這樣做過。）”可知人們需要在很長一段時(shí)間后，并且是基于很傲慢的觀點(diǎn)才會理解他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以D選項(xiàng)“可能并不理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“比過去更傲慢”曲解了文意；B選項(xiàng)“在不久的將來能檢測到所有的疾病”出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段“IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.（有人認(rèn)為，一個(gè)勇敢的新世界正在等待著我們，在這個(gè)世界里，所有的疾病都可以通過每天將口腔拭子插入浴室櫥柜里的DNA讀取器來監(jiān)測。）”，此處只是說有些人認(rèn)為、有意見認(rèn)為，并沒有絕對地說人類將來能監(jiān)測到所有疾病，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“了解我們的過去勝過了解我們的將來”在珀維斯博士所說的話中沒有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Japan'sproductivityhasovertakenAmericaninsomemanufacturingindustries,butelsewheretheUnitedStateshad（）itslead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takenup

B.broughtup

C.clungto

D.restedon

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。takeup“占據(jù)；開始從事”；bringup“提出；教育”；clingto“堅(jiān)持；緊握不放”;reston“依靠；停留在”。前半句提到“在一些制造業(yè)，日本的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)超過了美國”，根據(jù)表轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞but可知后半句講述的是“美國在其他領(lǐng)域依然處于領(lǐng)先地位”。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Thepreciousmanuscriptswerehopelessly（）bylongexposureinthecold,dampcellar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.damaged

B.destroyed

C.harmed

D.mined

【答案】B

【解析】damage主要指對價(jià)值和功能的破壞,多用于無生命的東西,一般還可修復(fù)；destroy指通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或無用,一般不能或很難修復(fù)；harm主要用于有生命的東西,偶爾也用于無生命的事物,常指傷及一個(gè)人或其健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等；mine指開采,不符合句意。通過“hopelessly”可知?dú)某潭却?無法修復(fù),所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。

14.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“指出有關(guān)太陽活動的兩種相對的科學(xué)理論并對其各自的地質(zhì)依據(jù)進(jìn)行評價(jià)”，B選項(xiàng)“簡要概述近期科學(xué)在太陽物理學(xué)方面的發(fā)展并且就他們對未來氣候研究的影響做出評價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“討論將地球上的各種現(xiàn)象與太陽活動聯(lián)系起來的困難性并指出問題的解決方法影響著我們對太陽物理活動的理解”，D選項(xiàng)“概述有關(guān)太陽物理的問題之所以一直沒解決的原因并且對現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)家過度理論化的方法進(jìn)行指責(zé)”，根據(jù)文章大意可以推斷出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章對太陽活動的兩種模式的介紹主要集中在文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“簡而言之，太陽大范圍的磁場是自給自足的，因此與之相關(guān)的太陽活動周期將會在幾十億年內(nèi)維持基本不變”可知