考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)成賢學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)成賢學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot（）theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjectto

B.carryon

C.yieldto

D.aimat

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。subjectto“使……遭受，受制于”；carryon“繼續(xù)，參與”；yieldto“屈服，服從”；aimat“目的在于……”。句意：他的思想負(fù)擔(dān)是，追求真理的哲學(xué)家不應(yīng)該屈服于嘗試優(yōu)雅寫作的誘惑。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itfocusesontheeffortscountriescanmaketodealwithglobalwarming.

B.Itlinksthescienceofclimatechangetoeconomicandpolicyissues.

C.Itstudiestheimpactsofglobalclimatechangeonpeople’slives.

D.Ittriestopredictthepossibletrendsofglobalclimatechange.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwouldbemorecostlytodealwithitsconsequencesthantoavoidit.

B.Itwilltakealongtimebeforeaconsensusisreachedonitsimpact.

C.Itisthemostpressingissueconfrontingallcountries.

D.Itisboundtocauseendlessdisputesamongnations.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theraisingofpeople’sawareness.

B.Thesigningofaglobalagreement.

C.Thecooperationamongworldmajorpowers.

D.Thetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Planwellinadvance.

B.Adoptnewtechnology.

C.Carryoutmoreresearchonit.

D.Cutdownenergyconsumption.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationOne

W:ProfessorHenderson,couldyougiveusabriefoverviewofwhatyoudo,whereyouworkandyourmainareaofresearch?

M:[1]Well,theCenterforClimateResearchwhereIworklinksthescienceofclimatechangetoissuesaroundeconomicsandpolicy.Someofourresearchistodowiththelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeandalloftheassociatedrisks.

W:Andhowstrongistheevidencethatclimatechangeishappeningthatisreallysomethingweneedtobeworriedabout?

M:Well,mostofthescienceofclimatechange,particularlythattodowithglobalwarming,issimplyfact.Butotheraspectsofthesciencearelesscertain,oratleastmoredisputed.Andsowearereallytalkingaboutrisk,[2]Whattheeconomicstellsusisthatit’sprobablycheapertoavoidclimatechangetoavoidtheriskthanitistodealwiththelikelyconsequences.

W:Sowhatarewedoing?Whatcanwedoaboutit?

M:Well,Iwouldarguethatweneedtodevelopthesciencespecificallytounderstandthelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeindifferentcontexts.AsIsaid,weneedtounderstandthebestwaysofavoidingclimatechange.[3]Andthiswillinvolveahugetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.Andthetransitionisatremendouspriority.Andforthistohappen,wemayneedactiononaglobalscale.Fromapoliticalperspective,weneedtounderstandthetermsonwhichmajorcountrieslikeChinaandtheUSAmightsignuptoaglobalagreementbecauseatthemomentwedon’thavethatconsensus.

W:Right…

M:[4]Andwealsoneedtoplanaheadsothatwe’reinapositiontodealwiththelikelylevelsofclimatechangewhicharealreadyinevitable,andevenmoresotooforthelevelsthatarelikelyifwedon’tgetthoseglobalagreements.

1.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayabouthismainareaofresearch?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于他的主要研究領(lǐng)域，亨德森教授說了些什么？對(duì)話開頭，女士開門見山地問亨德森教授其主要的研究領(lǐng)域是什么。亨德森教授回答說他在氣候研究中心工作，該中心主要是把一些有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策的問題與氣候變化這門科學(xué)聯(lián)系起來。B選項(xiàng)“它將氣候變化的科學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策問題聯(lián)系起來”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它著重于各國應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖所能做出的努力”，錄音最后只是提到亨德森教授希望主要國家能簽署全球協(xié)議，但沒有提到他的研究致力于讓所有國家一起應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖，因此A選項(xiàng)可排除；C選項(xiàng)“研究全球氣候變化對(duì)人們生活的影響”，錄音提到這只是他們的部分研究，并不是主要研究范圍，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)全球氣候變化可能發(fā)生的趨勢(shì)”在錄音中沒有提及。

2.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayaboutclimatechange?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于氣候變化，亨德森教授說了什么？錄音中，亨德森教授提到，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)告訴我們：比起應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化可能帶來的最終后果，我們預(yù)防氣候變化所花的代價(jià)要更少。A選項(xiàng)“處理氣候變化的后果將比避免氣候變化的代價(jià)更大”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能就其影響達(dá)成共識(shí)”，錄音只是提到主要國家在如何共同應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的方面還沒有達(dá)成共識(shí)，并沒有提及達(dá)成共識(shí)仍需一段時(shí)間，因此排除B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于所有國家來說，氣候變化是最緊迫的一個(gè)議題”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“氣候變化肯定會(huì)在各國之間帶來無窮的爭(zhēng)議”利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的disputed一詞作干擾，亨德森教授說的是在氣候變化這門科學(xué)上，除全球變暖外，其他方面還存在爭(zhēng)議，并不是說會(huì)在各國之間帶來爭(zhēng)議，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

3.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonsayisatoppriorityincombatingclimatechange?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問亨德森教授認(rèn)為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的首要任務(wù)是什么？錄音提到，亨德森教授認(rèn)為我們需了解避免氣候變化的最佳方法，這涉及向低碳能源系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換的問題，而我們應(yīng)該優(yōu)先解決這一問題。因此D選項(xiàng)“向低碳能源系統(tǒng)的過渡”正確。A選項(xiàng)“提高人們的意識(shí)”和C選項(xiàng)“世界主要國家之間合作”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“全球協(xié)議的簽署”在錄音中雖然有所提及，但不是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的首要任務(wù)，因此B選項(xiàng)可排除。

4.WhatdoesProfessorHendersonadviseustodotobetterdealwithclimatechange?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問為了更好地應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，亨德森教授建議我們做些什么？錄音最后亨德森教授提到，為應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化可能帶來的影響，我們需要提前做好準(zhǔn)備。A選項(xiàng)“提前做好準(zhǔn)備”中的inadvance是錄音中ahead的同義替換，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“采用新科技”；C選項(xiàng)“開展更多研究”和D選項(xiàng)“降低能耗”在錄音中均未提及，因此可排除。

3.單選題

Cancercellshideamonghealthycellstoconcealtheir（

）proteins.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.malignant

C.equivalent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.abundant豐富的；充裕的B.malignant惡性的；有害的

C.equivalent相等的；等價(jià)的D.prevalent普遍的；流行的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】癌細(xì)胞隱藏在健康細(xì)胞中以隱藏……蛋白質(zhì)。根據(jù)邏輯，癌細(xì)胞是隱藏有害的、已經(jīng)惡性的蛋白質(zhì)。所以B選項(xiàng)“惡性的；有害的”符合邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合邏輯。

【句意】癌細(xì)胞隱藏在健康細(xì)胞中，以隱藏它們的惡性蛋白質(zhì)。

4.單選題

EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearlyfiveyearsago.

（1）theproblemsthatmeeting

（2）hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironment（3）tank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutehasbeenlookingatthefutureofwaterand（4）reportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleapinusageoverthepastfewyears,Insomepatoftheworld,waterconsumptionhas

（5）

fivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyits（6）IFPKE,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethe

（7）forconflictandamajorbarrierto（8）theworld’sgrowingpopulation.Here’sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit.

“It’softenbeensaidthatwater

（9）oilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPREreport,thetime

（10）thathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeople

（11）bywatershortageswillincreaseten

（12）overthenext30years,itsays,

（13）couldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.

Themainreasonwhywaterisbecominga

（14）resourceisagriculture,whichnow

（15）

70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insome

（16）countries.Countlessfannershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenouscropsforthe

（17）markettohighyieldexportvarieties,which

（18）

needfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpedimenttofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcity

（19）

leadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholeshasledtoarsenicpoisoningwhichis（20）tohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentivestoencourageconservation.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.But

B.So

C.And

D.For

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.overcome

B.highlighted

C.motivated

D.confronted

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtful

B.thought

C.thinking

D.think

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.whose

C.its

D.their

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.decreased

B.increased

C.expanded

D.dwindled

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.initials

B.capitals

C.beginnings

D.letters

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.trigger

B.effect

C.initiation

D.consequence

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.feed

B.raise

C.feeding

D.raising

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.insteadof

B.inresponseto

C.inplaceof

D.ratherthan

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.how

C.why

D.when

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.affecting

B.affected

C.isaffected

D.isaffecting

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.double

B.multiple

C.fold

D.time

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.how

C.which

D.that

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.scarce

C.plentiful

D.dormant

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.accountsfor

B.runsfor

C.speaksfor

D.countsfor

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.developed

B.developing

C.advanced

D.industrialized

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.home

B.export

C.exchange

D.foreign

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.remarkably

B.formidably

C.inevitably

D.consumedly

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.so

C.however

D.also

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.assessed

B.appraised

C.rated

D.estimated

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:D

第20題:D

【解析】（1）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考察連詞，句意：自從五年前在巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行的地球峰會(huì)以來，環(huán)境問題在政治上一直處于次要地位，而且遇到的問題并沒有克服。表示句意順承用and。

（2）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘克服，解決’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘是突出，顯著’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘激發(fā)……的積極性’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘面對(duì)，面臨’。句意：而且遇到的問題并沒有克服。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（3）根據(jù)空格后的名詞tank確定這里需要填寫一個(gè)形容詞，只有A選項(xiàng)是形容詞，所以A正確。

（4）根據(jù)空格后的動(dòng)詞reflects用的是三單形式，確定主語是單數(shù)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（5）句意：在世界上的一些地方，用水量已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)了五倍。A選項(xiàng)意思是‘減少’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘增加’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘?dāng)U大’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘縮減’。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘英文縮寫’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘大寫字母’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘開始’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘字母’。句意：這個(gè)因?yàn)樗目s寫IFPKE而聞名的機(jī)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘觸發(fā)器’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘影響’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘啟蒙’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘結(jié)果’。句意：短缺可能很快會(huì)觸發(fā)沖突，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）feed意思是‘喂養(yǎng)’，raise意思是‘提高’，to表目的，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，排除CD選項(xiàng)。句意：也是阻礙世界人口增長(zhǎng)的主要障礙，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（9）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘代替，而不是’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘響應(yīng)’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘代替’，通常與be動(dòng)詞搭配使用，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘而不是’，通常不做主語。句意：人們常說水將代替石油將成為下個(gè)世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的原因。A選項(xiàng)正確。

（10）定語從句，不缺成分，表示時(shí)間用when。

（11）空格后面有動(dòng)詞willincrease，所以空格里的詞不能充當(dāng)謂語，根據(jù)句意‘被水資源短缺影響的人’，表示被動(dòng)，用過去分詞，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（12）十倍，tentimes/fold/multiple，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）非限制性定語從句。用which引導(dǎo)。A選項(xiàng)正確

（14）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘自然的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘稀有的，缺乏的’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘豐富的’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘休眠的，靜止的’。句意：水成為一種稀缺的資源的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（15）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘占……比例’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘運(yùn)行’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘說明’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘計(jì)數(shù)’。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)用水占比全世界70%的水。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（16）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘先進(jìn)的，發(fā)達(dá)的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘發(fā)展中的’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘先進(jìn)的，發(fā)達(dá)的’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘工業(yè)化的’。句意：尤其是發(fā)展中國家。B選項(xiàng)正確。

（17）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘家，本地的’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘出口’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘交換，交易所’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘外國的’。句意：無數(shù)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)從種植本地農(nóng)作物轉(zhuǎn)向了高產(chǎn)的出口品種，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（18）A選項(xiàng)意思是‘顯著地，非常地’，B選項(xiàng)意思是‘可怕地，強(qiáng)大地’，C選項(xiàng)意思是‘不可避免地，必然地’，D選項(xiàng)意思是‘格外地，大大地’。句意：無數(shù)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)從種植本地農(nóng)作物轉(zhuǎn)向了高產(chǎn)的出口品種，這需要格外多的水。D選項(xiàng)正確。

（19）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考察連詞，句意：在一些地區(qū)，水資源短缺現(xiàn)在是養(yǎng)活人口的最大障礙。缺水還會(huì)導(dǎo)致水污染。Also表示‘也，還’，符合題意。

（20）A,B,C選項(xiàng)都表示‘評(píng)估’的意思,只有D選項(xiàng)是‘預(yù)估’的意思，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sheer

B.total

C.integral

D.perfect

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sheer意為“完全的，純粹的，十足的”；total意為“總計(jì)的”；integral意為“完整的”；perfect意為“完美的”。

句意：純粹是為了報(bào)復(fù)，他竭力抹黑她的人格，詆毀她的名譽(yù)。

6.單選題

Atourhouse,nobodygetsmoremailthanJake:catalogs,coupons,andofferstosubscribetomagazines.Heisalsourgedtodonatetoworthcausesandtakeadvantageofsomeprettyincrediblecredit-cardoffers.

Heignoresallofthem.Whatdotheyexpect?He’sadog.

ItallstartedwhenIusedJake’snameasanaliasontheInternet,inanattempttoprotectwhat’sleftofmyprivacy.BeforeIknewit,junkwasporingin,provingonceagainthatthesedayseverymoveyoumakeonlinecanbe,oftenis,carefullywatchedandrecordedbypeoplewhodon’tknowyoufromyourdog—everyonefromadandinsuranceagenciestononprofitgroupsandeventhedreadedtelemarketers.Andlet’snotforgetthemore,shallwesay,unscrupulouscharacters.

We’veallheardhorrorstoriesaboutpeoplewhoseidentities,intheformofcreditcardorSocialSecuritynumbers,wereassumedbycrooks.Identitytheftisoneofthefastest-growingcrimesaround.

Evenifyouneverbuyanythingonline,yourprivacycanbecompromisedbyWeb“cookies”.AcookieisasmallfilethataWebsitestoresonyourcomputercontaininginformationitcanuseto“recognize”youifyoureturntothatsite.

Mostcookiesposelittlerisktoprivacyontheirown.Theproblemcomeswhenothersgetholdofyourcookies.Inahighlypublicizedcaseearlierthisyear.DoubleclickInc.Plannedtocross-referenceconsumercookiedatawithinformationfromamarketingdatabase,suchasname,addressandcreditcard-purchasehistory.Seenasanunethicalviolationof

consumers’privacy,alawsuitfollowed.Doubleclickgaveuptheplan,fornow.

Inthemeantime,otherthreatstoyourcyberprivacystillexist.Example;Anyonewhoknowwheretolookcanbuystolencreditcardnumbersinchatrooms,andspendsupeverypennyonyourcardinminutes.

Inthistechnology-drivenworld,yournewbestfriendmaybeadifferentkindofanimal:PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies,whichletyoucompleteelectronictransactionsanonymously.TheAnonymizer()offersanonymoussurfing.Anonymouspaymentmechanismssuchaselectroniccash()letyoushoponlinewithoutacreditcard.AndyoucandownloadfreesoftwaresuchastheInternetJunkbustertofilteroutmostcookiesbeforetheytouchyourcomputer.

Still,asnewtechnologiesbringoutthecreativityincrooks,yourbestbetmaybeplainold-lash-ionedvigilance.Keeptrackofeachpenny,balanceyourcheckbookandfollowupondiscrepanciesinyourstatementsimmediately.Howevermuchtheworldchanges,itstillpaystobeyourownwatchdog.

1.TheauthorusedanaliasontheInternetinorderto（

）.

2.“We’vealheardhorrorstoriesaboutpeoplewhoseidentities,intheformofcreditcardorSocialSecuritynumbers,wereassumedbycrooks.”(Para.4)Theword“assume”means（

）

3.Cookiespostgreatthreattoyourprivacywhen（

）.

4.ThePETscanenhanceyourprivacyby（

）.

5.Toprotectyourselfonline,you’dbetter（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attractmoremails

B.ignorethejunk

C.concealhisidentity

D.protectthedog

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.suppose

B.feign

C.undertake

D.copy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycontainyourinformation

B.theyenteryourpersonalcomputer

C.yourcookiescarryviruses

D.yourcookiesaregotandusedbyothers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enablingyoutodoonlinebusinesswithoutexposingyouridentity

B.allowingyoutopaywithoutelectroniccash

C.lettingyoudownloadsoftwarefreeofcharge

D.makingyousurfingthenetwithanalias

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.catchupwithnewtechnologies

B.dependonmorepowerfulprotectivesoftware

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththeonlineserviceproviders

D.stayvigilanttoyouronlineaccounts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。在第三段提出“inanattempttoprotectwhat’sleftofmyprivacy”說明作者是為了隱藏他的身份。

2.詞義題。句意:我們總是聽說人們的身份，被騙子以信用卡或者社會(huì)保障的號(hào)碼的形式冒名頂替使用。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第六段指出:當(dāng)別人持有你的cookie的時(shí)候，問題就出來了

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段:PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies,whichletyoucompleteelectronictransactionsanonymously(PET能讓你匿名完成電子交易)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。最后一段給出建議:yourbestbetmaybeplainold-lash-ionedvigilance(你最好的辦法就是保持警惕)。

7.單選題

AmongthefirstplanstogrowthelandregionsofEarth______,whichinprehistorictimesgrewtoimmensesize.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：在最初的計(jì)劃中，地球規(guī)模中的陸地區(qū)域在史前時(shí)期規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)到巨大。A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離；隔離”；B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格；說明書”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金；簽署”。根據(jù)immensesize可知B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Mygrandpagavemeawatch,whichismadeofgold,（）Ikeeptothisday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andthus

B.and

C.so

D.andwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。題目中有兩個(gè)非限制性定語從句，第一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)，先行詞在定語從句中做主語，第二個(gè)也需用關(guān)系代詞which，先行詞在定語從句中做賓語，所以也不能省略，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexhaustible“取之不盡的，用不完的”;exploited“被開發(fā)利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的”。句意:該區(qū)域熱帶植物的多樣性似乎是取之不盡用之不竭的原料來源，其中只有少數(shù)得到利用。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Theshopmanagersaidthatheintendedto（

）thelessefficientmembersofhisstaff.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resign

B.dismiss

C.employ

D.appoint

【答案】B

【解析】句意:商店經(jīng)理說他打算解雇辦事效率不高的員工。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。resign是主動(dòng)辭職,所以不正確。

11.翻譯題

Translatethe.followingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

本世紀(jì)初，小麥簡(jiǎn)直就是加拿大西部的命脈。小麥?zhǔn)粘珊?，?jīng)濟(jì)則繁榮；小麥歉收，經(jīng)濟(jì)則蕭條。城市中大街小巷的人們都在關(guān)注著小麥的收成和價(jià)格，這種心情就好像他們就是種植者一樣。小麥的市場(chǎng)行情成了人們的熱門話題。

戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使西部糧食市場(chǎng)發(fā)生了許多戲劇性的變化。多年以來，農(nóng)民們不信任在糧食交易所從事的糧食投機(jī)買賣。秋季的麥價(jià)一般都較低，但是農(nóng)民們等不到市場(chǎng)好轉(zhuǎn)。他們常常在小麥一收割后就賣掉，過后則眼睜睜看著小麥漲價(jià)，投機(jī)者從中發(fā)財(cái)。在各種時(shí)機(jī)，農(nóng)民團(tuán)體曾多次要求政府對(duì)市場(chǎng)嚴(yán)加控制，但政府不想卷入其中，直到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，麥價(jià)有失控的危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，政府才介入。由于迫切需要控制通貨膨脹和生活費(fèi)用上漲，聯(lián)邦政府設(shè)立了一個(gè)糧食監(jiān)督委員會(huì)來處理從1917年至1918年的糧食收繳工作。

【答案】Atthebeginningofthiscentury,wheatwasthelifelineofWestofCanada.Theeconomywouldprosperiftherewasagoodharvest,otherwisetheeconomywouldbedepressed.Peopleinurbanareasallpaidattentiontotheharvestandpriceofwheat,asiftheyweretheplanters.Andthemarketconditionofwheatbecameahottopic.

Warhasbroughtaboutnumerousdramaticchangesinwesterngrainmarket.Formanyyears,farmershaveneverbeentrustinggrainspeculationactivities.Generally,thepricewasrelativelylowinfall,however,theycouldnotwaitthehighprice.Theywouldsellwheatonceharvested,andcouldonlyseespeculatorsgaingreatbenefitfromtheincreasingofwheatprice.Duringvariousperiodsoftime,farmergroupshadrequiredthegovernmentstocarryoutstrictcontroluponthegrainmarket,butthegovernmentwouldn’twillingtointerveneuntilthepricewaslostcontrolduringthewar.Asitbecameurgenttocontrolinflationandlivingexpenses,theFederalgovernmentsetuptheGrainOversightCommitteetodealwiththebuyingandsellingofgrainduring1917to1918.

12.單選題

Thefirstthingwedidwaslookforerrorsinourexperimentaldesignandforeveryconceivable（

）thatcouldhaveledusastray.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposition

B.scenario

C.illustration

D.scheme

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞辨析。exposition博覽會(huì)，展覽會(huì)；scenario方案，可能的情景；illustration例證，圖解；scheme計(jì)劃。句意：我們首先要做的事就是查找實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)中的錯(cuò)誤和可能誤導(dǎo)我們走人歧途的每一個(gè)能想到的可能情景。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Stunkardandhiscolleaguesemphasizedthatthosewith“fatgenes”arenotdoomedtoalifetimeofobesity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjected

B.destined

C.endured

D.sustained

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.subjected（v.）使順從，（尤指）壓服B.destined（adj.）注定，（尤指）命中注定

C.endured（v.）忍耐，忍受D.sustained（v.）維持（生命、生存）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義辨析。

【解題思路】doomed的意思為“使……注定失?。ɑ蛟庋?、死亡等）”，指的是不是注定一輩子肥胖，無法改變，destined與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】斯圖卡德和他的同事們強(qiáng)調(diào)，那些有肥胖基因的人并不是注定要一生肥胖。

14.單選題

Ijustlearntfrom’'InterculturalEducation"coursethatanEnglishmanseldom（）aconversationamongstrangers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breaksdown

B.givesriseto

C.initiates

D.resumes

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和詞組。A選項(xiàng)breakdown表示“分解，發(fā)生故障”，B選項(xiàng)giveriseto表示“使發(fā)生，引起”，C選項(xiàng)initiates表示“啟動(dòng)，開始”，D選項(xiàng)resume表示“重新開始，重新回到，重新占用”。由句意可知，我剛從“跨文化教育”課程中了解到，英國人很少與陌生人對(duì)話?？杖碧巻卧~需與conversation構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語，表示“發(fā)起會(huì)話”，因此只有initiate最符合語境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarineecosystemonEarth.Thisecosystemisoneofthefascinatingparadoxesofthebiosphere:howdoclearandthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?Partoftheanswerlieswithinthetissuesofthecoralsthemselves.Symbioticcellsofalgaeknownaszoozanthellaecarryoutphotosynthesisusingthemetabolicwastesofthecoraltherebyproducingfoodforthemselves,fortheircorals,hosts,andevenforothermembersofthereefcommunity.Thissymbioticprocessallowsorganismsinthereefcommunitytousesparsenutrientresourceefficiently.

Unfortunatelyforcoralreefs,however,avarietyofhumanactivitiesarecausingworldwidedegradationofshallowmarinehabitatsbyaddingnutrientstothewater.Agriculture,slashandbumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcoralreefcommunities?

3.Theauthorrefersto“filter-feedinganimals”(line17)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisafactorthatisthreateningthesurvivalofcoralreefcommunities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthordescribescoralreefcommunitiesasparadoxicalmostlikelyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.describingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonalgaeincoralreefs

B.explaininghowhumanactivitiesareposingathreattocoralreefcommunities

C.discussingtheprocessbywhichcoralreefsdeteriorateinnutrient-poorwaters

D.explaininghowcoralreefsproducefoodforthemselves

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Coralreefcommunitiesmayactuallybemorelikelytothriveinwatersthatarerelativelylowinnutrients.

B.Thenutrientsonwhichcoralcommunitiesthriveareonlyfoundinshallowwaters.

C.Humanpopulationgrowthhasledtochangingoceantemperatures,whichthreatenscoralreefcommunities.

D.Thegrowthofcoralreefcommunitiestendstodestabilizeunderwaterherbivorepopulations.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofacharacteristicsignofreefdeterioration

B.explainhowreefcommunitiesacquiresustenanceforsurvival

C.identifyafactorthathelpsherbivorepopulationsthrive

D.indicateacauseofdecreasingnutrientinputinwatersthatreefsinhabit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thewaterstheyinhabitcontainfewnutrientresources.

B.Adeclineinnutrientinputisdisruptingtheirsymbioticrelationshipwithzooxanthellae.

C.Thedegradedwatersoftheirmarinehabitatshavereducedtheirabilitytocarryoutphotosynthesis.

D.Wasteby-productsresultinanincreaseinnutrientinputtoreefcommunities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarethrivingeventhoughhumanactivitieshavedepletedthenutrientsintheirenvironment.

B.Theyareabletosurviveinspiteofanover-abundanceofalgaeinhabitingtheirwaters.

C.Theyareabletosurviveinanenvironmentwithlimitedfoodresources.

D.Theyaredecliningevenwhenthewatersurroundingthemremainsclear.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段講了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且無養(yǎng)料的海水中繁衍的。第二段開頭開始轉(zhuǎn)折，作者指出人類活動(dòng)是怎樣對(duì)珊瑚礁的棲息地造成破壞的，所以B選項(xiàng)‘解釋人類活動(dòng)如何對(duì)珊瑚礁群落構(gòu)成威脅’為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“howdoclear,andthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?”用一個(gè)反問句表明珊瑚礁適合在低養(yǎng)料的清澈海水中生長(zhǎng)。確定A選項(xiàng)符合題意。珊瑚礁很難在淺水灘邊繁殖，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除。人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致海水中的養(yǎng)料增加，而并非增加了海水的溫度，從而破壞了珊瑚礁的棲息地，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除。食草動(dòng)物數(shù)量的不穩(wěn)定并不是珊瑚礁生長(zhǎng)造成的，而是珊瑚礁遭到破壞的一種表現(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.珊瑚礁衰退的典型癥狀是食草動(dòng)物種群的不穩(wěn)定，以及藻類和濾食性動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加?！贝_定作者提到filter-feedinganimals是為了說明珊瑚礁減少的特征。A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Agriculture,slash-and-bumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.農(nóng)業(yè)、刀耕火種、污水處理以及制造業(yè)向海水中排放了大量的垃圾，從而增加了海水的營含量?！焙汀癉eclinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.珊瑚礁對(duì)養(yǎng)料排入海水中發(fā)生的微妙變化很敏感，隨著人口的增加，排放到海水的養(yǎng)料也隨之増加，珊瑚礁的數(shù)量也就減少了?！笨芍祟惻欧诺睦黾恿撕Ｋ臓I養(yǎng)含量，從而威脅著珊瑚礁的生長(zhǎng)。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。作者在第一段提到珊瑚礁之所以能在清澈并且少養(yǎng)料的海水中生長(zhǎng)，是因?yàn)橛幸环N叫蟲黃藻的水藻與它共生。蟲黃藻能夠與珊瑚礁的糞便進(jìn)行光合作用，從而又為珊瑚礁提供食物。因此，盡管在食物資源極度缺乏的環(huán)境下，珊瑚礁也能夠生長(zhǎng)。所以C選項(xiàng)‘它們能夠在食物資源有限的環(huán)境中生存’符合題意。

16.單選題

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people—mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany—werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.“I'llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgraveandintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGunterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000childrenwithhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidableandnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofWillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethattheyhavenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecause

Germans（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

C.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

D.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B.astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

B.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.

C.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

B.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.這是航海史上最嚴(yán)重的悲劇，導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)比泰坦尼克號(hào)多6倍”?？芍x項(xiàng)B“造成的傷亡人數(shù)最多”為最佳答案。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.一場(chǎng)冰雹將船的甲板變成冰板，同時(shí)導(dǎo)致船傾斜往下沉，數(shù)百家庭滑入大海中”，由此可知icestorm冰雹并不是船傾斜的原因，只是加劇更多人落水的推動(dòng)因素，題干中問的when，是指“當(dāng)”，可以對(duì)應(yīng)到文中的as后面的內(nèi)容。故正確答案選A。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段第二句“Byunrese