考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京戲曲藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京戲曲藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Yourlatestprojecthaslittle（

）ofsuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prediction

B.prophecy

C.prospect

D.preview

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prediction意為“預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)”；prophecy意為“語(yǔ)言”；prospect意為“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意為“試映，預(yù)演”。

句意：你最近的項(xiàng)目幾乎沒(méi)有成功的希望。

2.單選題

Owingtotheunpredictableweather,thearrangementsaresubjecttochange.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supposed

B.about

C.liable

D.bound

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。Besubjectto表示“有……傾向，受支配”；A項(xiàng)besupposedto“被期望，應(yīng)該”，B項(xiàng)beaboutto“即將，剛要”，C項(xiàng)beliableto“有……傾向，易于”，D項(xiàng)beboundto“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天氣變化莫測(cè)，安排可能會(huì)有所改變。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theverdictmetwitha（）ofcriticism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hail

B.gust

C.tuft

D.fit

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)ahailof“一陣轟炸/打擊/咒罵”；B選項(xiàng)agustof“一陣（風(fēng)）”；C選項(xiàng)atuftof“一叢”；D選項(xiàng)afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”。句意：這一判決遭到了一通批評(píng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Shakenbytwodecadesofvirtualanarchy,themajorityofpeoplewerereadytobuy_______atanyprice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.order

B.emancipation

C.hope

D.liberty

【答案】A

【解析】order命令,秩序;emancipation解放,釋放;hope希望,信心;liberty自由,許可。句意：二十年的無(wú)政府狀態(tài)動(dòng)搖了大多數(shù)人,他們準(zhǔn)備好不惜任何代價(jià)來(lái)?yè)Q取秩序。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

I’msureyou’llagreethatwhenapersonisasambitiousasLiFei,noonecanstophimtoachievehiscareerobjectives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.you’llagreethat

B.whenaperson

C.can

D.toachieve

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語(yǔ)誤用。toachieve改為fromachieving。stopsb.todosth.讓某人停下來(lái)去做另一件事。stopsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事。這里表示"阻止他實(shí)現(xiàn)職業(yè)目標(biāo)"。

6.單選題

Thedinner________prepared,Itookanapbeforetheguestsarrived.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.havingbeen

D.tobe

【答案】C

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：晚餐做好了我在客人來(lái)之前打了個(gè)盹。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“took”是過(guò)去時(shí)，而根據(jù)句意晚餐是在“我”睡覺(jué)之前就已經(jīng)做好了，是一種完成的狀態(tài)，所以答案要選C：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。A選項(xiàng)會(huì)造成主句有兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子中間沒(méi)有連詞，所以不能選A；B選項(xiàng)表示現(xiàn)在而D選項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)，不符合題意。

7.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。incredible“難以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根據(jù)Ifinallyconvincedhim“我最終說(shuō)服了他”可知此處表達(dá)的意思是他剛開(kāi)始聽(tīng)到消息的時(shí)候是不相信的，所以此處應(yīng)該使用形容詞incredulous，incredible是形容事物難以使人相信，而不是形容人。句意：當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到那個(gè)意外的消息時(shí)是……，但是我最終還是說(shuō)服了他。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

8.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargeandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatstructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What”andifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinbornandaresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnection.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,braindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepsychologists’attitudetowardstheissuethatwomen’smindsaredifferentfrommen’s?

3.“Thesedifferences”inParagraph5referstothosein______.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggestsmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.mental

D.social

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyusedtoconsidertheissueuninterestingandnotworthresearching.

B.Theyfindthatthedifferenceisattributedtotheinfluenceofthesociety.

C.Theyhavealreadygivenupfindingouttherealcauseofthedifference.

D.Theystudytheissuefromaperspectivedifferentfromthatofthebiologists.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

B.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

C.theperformanceonschoolsubjects

D.theskillsofmenandwomen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen

C.thefunctioningofpartsofthebrain

D.theeffectsofthetrunkline10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toproposenewfieldsinbrainresearch.

B.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariouscausesofstructuraldifferencesinbrain.

D.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweengenderandbrainstructure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，大腦的差異是由……因素造成的”。第三段提到Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?（我們傾向于認(rèn)為是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異。但我們可能錯(cuò)了嗎？），聯(lián)系后文并沒(méi)有否定這個(gè)認(rèn)為，因此D項(xiàng)“社會(huì)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“生理”、B項(xiàng)“心理”和C項(xiàng)“精神”在文中都沒(méi)有明確提到是其因素。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“以下哪一個(gè)最好地描述了心理學(xué)家對(duì)女性的思想不同于男性這一問(wèn)題的態(tài)度？”。根據(jù)第一段中的Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（女性的思維方式與男性不同。至少，大多數(shù)人是這么認(rèn)為的。心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這個(gè)主題要么是一件令人沮喪的事情，要么就是一個(gè)笑話）可推斷，心理學(xué)家對(duì)于男女思維方式不同這個(gè)話題的態(tài)度是他們已經(jīng)不在乎造成這個(gè)差異的真正原因了，C項(xiàng)“他們已經(jīng)放棄了找出差異的真正原因”正確；A項(xiàng)“他們過(guò)去認(rèn)為這個(gè)問(wèn)題無(wú)趣，不值得研究”文章未提及；B項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種差異是由于社會(huì)的影響”不是心理學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)；D項(xiàng)“他們從不同于生物學(xué)家的角度研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題”與原文意思相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第五段中的‘這些差異’指的是這些在……上的差異”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段，倒數(shù)第二句提到Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmath’sandphysics.（在世界各地的學(xué)校里，女孩往往比男孩在“語(yǔ)言科目”上表現(xiàn)更好，而男孩在數(shù)學(xué)和物理方面表現(xiàn)更好），接著就提到了Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.（如果這些差異與半球主干道上的差異相一致，那么兩性之間就存在著不可改變的區(qū)別），可知，thesedifference指的就是女性和男性在學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)上的差異，C項(xiàng)“學(xué)業(yè)課程的表現(xiàn)”正確；A項(xiàng)“由大腦進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)”、B項(xiàng)“男人和女人的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)”和D項(xiàng)“男人和女人的技能”在該段都未提及。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“在最后一段中，作者建議在……上做更多的工作”。根據(jù)最后一段Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviacorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.（我們一時(shí)半會(huì)兒還不知道，部分原因是我們不知道學(xué)校科目的能力與大腦兩個(gè)半球的運(yùn)作之間的任何精確關(guān)系，我們也不知道這兩個(gè)半球是如何通過(guò)胼胝體相互作用的。但這種顯著的差異一定有影響，因?yàn)檫@種差異存在于涉及智力的大腦部位，我們應(yīng)該尋找智力處理方面的差異。）可以推知，在最后一段，作者建議研究大腦的運(yùn)作，C項(xiàng)“大腦各部分的運(yùn)作”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“大腦的整體結(jié)構(gòu)”和B項(xiàng)“男人和女人之間的差異”表述不正確；D項(xiàng)“大腦干線的作用”只是其中一部分。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要目的是什么？”。文章開(kāi)頭提出男女大腦結(jié)構(gòu)存在差異，接著進(jìn)一步指明差異在于大腦半球的連接，且差異是由于社會(huì)的影響造成的；但目前對(duì)于男女技能差異和大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的差異之間的關(guān)系沒(méi)有任何確切的認(rèn)知，也不知道大腦兩半球是如何相互作用的；最后文章指出Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvingintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.（但這種顯著的差異一定有影響，因?yàn)檫@種差異存在于涉及智力的大腦部位，我們應(yīng)該尋找智力處理方面的差異），因此我們可以推斷，文章的目的是提出大腦研究的方向，A項(xiàng)“提出大腦研究的新領(lǐng)域”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“概述關(guān)于大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究成果”、C項(xiàng)“討論造成大腦結(jié)構(gòu)差異的各種原因”和D項(xiàng)“解釋性別和大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系”都只是文章的一部分內(nèi)容，而不是目的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogosaysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidencebecausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoneybecome“better”people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon’tgo.

Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother’sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudiesanddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.

Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat’sacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn’texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.

Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn’tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit’sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-leaningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.

1.Accordingtotheauthor（）.

2.Inthe2ndparagraph,“thosewhodon’tfitthepattern”refersto（）.

3.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause（）.

4.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat（）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation

B.peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation

C.allhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

D.veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.highschoolgraduateswhoaren’tsuitableforcollegeeducation

B.collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis

C.collegestudentswhoaren’tanybetterfortheirhighereducation

D.highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege

B.manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

C.youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

D.youngpeopledon’tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates

B.highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation

C.toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving

D.collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates

B.collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful

C.collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople

D.intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon’tgotocollege

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.”，可知大學(xué)已經(jīng)被超過(guò)一代的人們毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的接受了?？膳袛喑鋈藗冞^(guò)去總是對(duì)高等教育充滿(mǎn)信心。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.”，可知近一半的高中畢業(yè)生就讀于那些不符合這種模式的學(xué)校，人數(shù)越來(lái)越多，現(xiàn)象也越來(lái)越明顯。下文緊接著用例子說(shuō)明了這種現(xiàn)象?？膳袛喑鰐hosewhodon’tfitthepattern是指那些沒(méi)有因?yàn)楦叩冉逃兊酶玫拇髮W(xué)生們。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudiesanddropout-oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.”，可知另一些人在學(xué)習(xí)中找不到激勵(lì)和鼓舞而輟學(xué)——通常是受到大學(xué)管理者的鼓勵(lì)?？膳袛喑龃髮W(xué)生的輟學(xué)率似乎在上升的原因在于年輕人很少有追求高等教育的動(dòng)力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-olds,either.”，可知我們被告知年輕人必須上大學(xué)，因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)不會(huì)給一個(gè)18歲的未受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的人工作機(jī)會(huì)。但是令人沮喪的事實(shí)是，畢業(yè)生了解到社會(huì)也無(wú)法給受過(guò)大學(xué)教育的22歲的畢業(yè)生適合的工作機(jī)會(huì)?？膳袛喑龃髮W(xué)教育的問(wèn)題部分來(lái)自于社會(huì)無(wú)法為受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生提供足夠的工作機(jī)會(huì)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.”，可知我們從小就被教育說(shuō)接受一點(diǎn)教育是好的，接受的教育越多越好，這是有爭(zhēng)議的。相反的證據(jù)也開(kāi)始增多?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為對(duì)于高中畢業(yè)的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，大學(xué)并非最好的、唯一的去處。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Inorderto（）therisingproductioncosts,thesubscriptionrateshavebeenincreased.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.addupto

B.lookupto

C.cutshort

D.keepupwith

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)addupto“合計(jì)達(dá)...，總共達(dá)...”；B選項(xiàng)lookupto“尊敬”；C選項(xiàng)cutshort“縮短，縮減”；D選項(xiàng)keepupwith“跟上，趕上”。句意：為了跟上不斷上漲的生產(chǎn)成本，訂閱費(fèi)已經(jīng)提高了。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

11.翻譯題

Toourview,thefuturebelongstothosewhowillknowhowtoperceivethemysteriousborderlinewhichseparatestheuglyfromthebeautiful.Thisphilosophyhasdominatedmostofthegreatcivilizationsofthepastandisfundamentallyourownwesternwayoflookingattheworld.

Iamconfidentthatwithabetterunderstandingofeachother,therewillbealsoacorrespondingmodificationofourattitudestowardtheachievementsoftheJapanesepeople.

Itisonlythroughstrongertiesamongallofus,throughtherealizationofatrulytriangularworldofcooperativeeffortinwhichtheUnitedStates,Europe,andJapanwillbeabletoreinforcetheirrespectiveties,thatonewillbecapableofplanningthegeneralscenarioofthe21stcentury,andthiswithinabroaderpictureofinternationalcooperationamongallcivilizedpeopleofthisplanet.

【答案】我們認(rèn)為，未來(lái)屬于那些知道如何感知美和丑之間的神秘界線的人。在過(guò)去的大部分時(shí)間里，這種觀點(diǎn)一直是主流，而且也是我們西方看待世界的主要方式。

我相信，如果我們能更好地彼此理解，我們對(duì)待日本人民取得的成就的態(tài)度就會(huì)發(fā)生相應(yīng)的改變。

只有通過(guò)我們之間的密切合作，在美國(guó)、日本和歐洲之間建立真正的三角合作關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)彼此的聯(lián)系，我們才能規(guī)劃21世紀(jì)的宏偉藍(lán)圖，要做到這一點(diǎn)，需要這個(gè)星球上所有文明民族的共同合作。

12.單選題

Protozoanlocomotionsharessomeofthebasicmechanismsofmolecularcontractionencounteredinthefunctioningoftheflagellaandciliaofhigheranimals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reproduction

B.digestion

C.movement

D.compartment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reproduction“繁殖”；B選項(xiàng)digestion“消化”；C選項(xiàng)movement“運(yùn)動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)compartment“區(qū)劃”。句意：原生動(dòng)物的運(yùn)動(dòng)與高等動(dòng)物的鞭毛和纖毛的功能有一些相同的分子收縮的基本機(jī)制。劃線部分locomotion是運(yùn)動(dòng)的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

低碳生活對(duì)于我們普通人來(lái)說(shuō)是一種態(tài)度，我們應(yīng)該積極提倡并去實(shí)踐，從自己做起，從節(jié)約水電這些點(diǎn)滴做起。除了植樹(shù)，有的人買(mǎi)運(yùn)輸里程很短的商品，還有人堅(jiān)持爬樓梯，形形色色，非常有趣?！暗吞忌睢钡睦砟钪饾u被世界各國(guó)所接受。低碳生活的出現(xiàn)不僅告訴人們可以為減碳做些什么，還告訴人們可以怎么做。

【答案】Low-carbonlifeisanattitudeforordinarypeople,andweshouldactivelyadvocateandpracticelow-carbonlifebydoingitfromourselvesandbystartingbitbybitfromsavingwaterandelectricity.Besidesplantingtrees,somepeoplepurchasegoodswithinashortdeliverydistanceandotherssticktoclimbingstairs.Peopledovariousthingstolivealow-carbonlife,whichisreallyinteresting.“Low-carbonlife”concepthasgraduallybeenacceptedworldwide.Theemergenceoflow-carbonlifestylenotonlyintroducestopeoplewhattheycandoforcarbonreduction,butalsotellsthemhowtheycandoit.

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

4.ThethreatoftheColdWarwasaprimedrivingforceleadingtotheexpansionofU.S.science,nationallabsandacademicinstitutions.

5.Itisworthnotingthatpreventivemeasuresinvolvingsmokinganddietareconvenientlysimilarforcancerandheartdisease;oneexceptionisalcoholariskfactorfortheformer,apreventiveforthelater.

【答案】1.捐贈(zèng)也應(yīng)講策略——慈善事業(yè)應(yīng)該不單是應(yīng)人之需，而應(yīng)該覓尋投資機(jī)會(huì)，以求產(chǎn)生可觀的回報(bào)。

2.該報(bào)告對(duì)政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主張，即聯(lián)邦政府既有權(quán)力也有義務(wù)支持基礎(chǔ)研究。

3.這種需要體現(xiàn)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中，這意味著為了后代的利益，我們必須留下足夠的環(huán)境空間，以滿(mǎn)足他們的需要，施展抱負(fù)。

4.冷戰(zhàn)的威脅曾是一個(gè)主要的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，它導(dǎo)致了美國(guó)科學(xué)、國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)團(tuán)體的擴(kuò)張。

5.值得注意的是，癌癥和心臟病的預(yù)防措施與吸煙和飲食很相似;一個(gè)例外是酒精——癌癥的危險(xiǎn)因子，但卻是心臟病的預(yù)防因子。

15.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines:theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitand（1）thatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansand（2）aworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.In（3）tothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenit（4）,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.（5）,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesinthe（6）betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishto（7）thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,the（8）ofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfor（9）otherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswer（0）be,unfortunately,thattherehavebeen（1）attemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofits（12）.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningit,（13）thatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowing（14）shouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowsthe（15）ofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedand（16）,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesa（17）ofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedor（18）inmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniscitherashortstoryoranovel.（19）areonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbe（20）sciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Russum’sUniversalRobots)（21）theonlyonethatiswell-known;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthatsamebasic（22）inmuchthesamewayasprosefiction（23）,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcan（24）aboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,（25）shortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,languageandtheme.And（26）anyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwith（27）man’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedand（28）inexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticular（29）ofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywould（30）foranyotherstoryornovel.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expression

B.feature

C.character

D.merit

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.deserts

B.advocates

C.degrades

D.reduces

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.regard

B.contrast

C.relation

D.accordance

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.is

C.did

D.does

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Instead

B.However

C.Therefore

D.Also

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.bonds

B.communication

C.relation

D.alliance

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.claim

B.swear

C.request

D.confirm

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.dimensions

B.walks

C.aspects

D.roles

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.none

B.some

C.any

D.no

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.should

B.must

C.will

D.can’t

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.few

B.afew

C.little

D.alittle

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.essence

B.characteristics

C.quality

D.value

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.nor

B.so

C.though

D.since

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.procedure

B.argument

C.instruction

D.definition

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.suggestions

B.applications

C.implications

D.descriptions

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.prolonged

B.expanded

C.continued

D.stretched

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.point

B.dot

C.location

D.spot

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.abandoned

B.dismissed

C.initiated

D.ignored

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.Those

B.What

C.There

D.They

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.referred

B.entitled

C.called

D.declared

問(wèn)題21選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.is

C.are

D.does

問(wèn)題22選項(xiàng)

A.intentions

B.functions

C.routines

D.occasions

問(wèn)題23選項(xiàng)

A.inresult

B.incommon

C.ingeneral

D.inmanner

問(wèn)題24選項(xiàng)

A.besaying

B.besaid

C.tosay

D.say

問(wèn)題25選項(xiàng)

A.either

B.neither

C.notonly

D.whether

問(wèn)題26選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.though

C.unlike

D.like

問(wèn)題27選項(xiàng)

A.interpreting

B.translating

C.exchanging

D.representing

問(wèn)題28選項(xiàng)

A.recognized

B.presented

C.depicted

D.expressed

問(wèn)題29選項(xiàng)

A.conflict

B.cooperation

C.collection

D.combination

問(wèn)題30選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.do

C.be

D.make

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:C

第21題:A

第22題:B

第23題:C

第24題:B

第25題:D

第26題:D

第27題:A

第28題:B

第29題:C

第30題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)expression“表現(xiàn)，表達(dá)；表情”；B選項(xiàng)feature“特色，特征；容貌；特寫(xiě)”；C選項(xiàng)character“性格，品質(zhì)；特性；角色”；D選項(xiàng)merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，價(jià)值；功績(jī)；功過(guò)”。由空格前trait“特點(diǎn)”可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)desert“遺棄；放棄；逃跑”；B選項(xiàng)advocate“提倡，主張，擁護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)degrade“貶低；使……丟臉；使……降級(jí)；使……降解”；D選項(xiàng)reduce“減少；降低”。由空格前關(guān)鍵字demean“貶低……的身份”可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。incontrastto“與……相反”，由空格后關(guān)鍵句sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex，中文翻譯為：科幻小說(shuō)很少?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)性，可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由空格前的句子可知此處為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，并且這里為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合后文“thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesin...betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.”，中文大意為：科幻小說(shuō)的根本興趣在于人與其技術(shù)和人與宇宙之間的……。因此判斷出空格處表示相反的意思，A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bonds“聯(lián)結(jié)，連接，聯(lián)系”；B選項(xiàng)communication“通訊；通信；交流”；C選項(xiàng)relation“關(guān)系；敘述；親屬關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)alliance“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合；聯(lián)姻”。聯(lián)系下文“betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.”，句意：人與其技術(shù)和人與宇宙之間的……根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)claim“聲稱(chēng)；需要”；B選項(xiàng)swear“發(fā)誓；咒罵”；C選項(xiàng)request“請(qǐng)求”；D選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)；確定”。由下文“thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenre”，中文翻譯為：科幻小說(shuō)是一個(gè)主要的文學(xué)形式，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dimension“范圍；尺寸，長(zhǎng)度；深度”；B選項(xiàng)walk“步行；行業(yè)；人行道”；C選項(xiàng)aspect“方面；方向；形勢(shì)；外貌”；D選項(xiàng)role“角色；任務(wù)”。根據(jù)上下文可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)none“沒(méi)有人；一個(gè)也沒(méi)有；沒(méi)有任何東西”；B選項(xiàng)some“一些；若干；其中的一部分；（數(shù)量不確切時(shí)用）有些人”；C選項(xiàng)any“任何；任何一個(gè)；若干”；D選項(xiàng)no“沒(méi)有；不”。根據(jù)上文makeitwellworthreadingandstudying，中文翻譯為：讓它值得被閱讀和研究。for在本句話中翻譯為“因?yàn)椤保Y(jié)合上下文意思，D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文可知該空格處應(yīng)表示有把握的一種推測(cè)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文，空格處應(yīng)表示“幾乎不”，此處大意應(yīng)為：幾乎沒(méi)有人試圖對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題作過(guò)詳盡或認(rèn)真的考慮。結(jié)合句意A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)essence“本質(zhì)，實(shí)質(zhì)；精華”；B選項(xiàng)characteristics“特性，特征；特色”；C選項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)；特性”；D選項(xiàng)value“價(jià)值；價(jià)格”。B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。聯(lián)系下文“variousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified”，中文翻譯為“它全體的各個(gè)方面不能被澄清”可知此處表示否定，A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)procedure“程序，手續(xù)；步驟”；B選項(xiàng)argument“論證；論據(jù)；爭(zhēng)吵”；C選項(xiàng)instruction“指令；教導(dǎo)；用法說(shuō)明”；D選項(xiàng)definition“定義；清晰度”。根據(jù)句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)suggestion“建議；示意”；B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；敷用”；C選項(xiàng)implication“含義；暗示；可能的結(jié)果，影響”；D選項(xiàng)description“描述，描寫(xiě)”。聯(lián)系上下文可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)prolong“延長(zhǎng)；拖延”；B選項(xiàng)expand“擴(kuò)展；使膨脹；詳述”；C選項(xiàng)continue“延續(xù)”；D選項(xiàng)stretch“伸展，張開(kāi)；使竭盡所能”。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。apointofdeparture“出發(fā)點(diǎn)”。A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)abandon“放棄”；B選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散；解雇”；C選項(xiàng)initiate“開(kāi)始；發(fā)起”；D選項(xiàng)ignore“忽視；不理睬”。結(jié)合上下文及空格之前的內(nèi)容，可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法。therebe表示某處存在某人或某物。此處大意為：只有一些戲劇作品……因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.【試題解析】考查詞義，A選項(xiàng)refer“涉及；委托；歸諸于；使……求助于”；B選項(xiàng)entitle“給……稱(chēng)號(hào)；使……有權(quán)利”；C選項(xiàng)call“稱(chēng)呼；召集；稱(chēng)為”；D選項(xiàng)declare“忽視；不理睬”。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)義，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法。With引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語(yǔ)，后面的系動(dòng)詞be要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)intention“意圖；目的；意向；愈合”；B選項(xiàng)function“功能；職責(zé)”；C選項(xiàng)routine“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D選項(xiàng)occasion“時(shí)機(jī)；場(chǎng)合”。結(jié)合上下文可知B選項(xiàng)正確，意為“為同樣的功能服務(wù)”。

23.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處后文“thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.”中文翻譯為：也就是說(shuō)，它與其他小說(shuō)和短篇故事有很多相同之處。結(jié)合上下文，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法。此處為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，can為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面所接動(dòng)詞用原型。故選B。

25.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。由上下文可知此處應(yīng)該表示“無(wú)論”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。由上下文可知此處應(yīng)該表示“如同”，故D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.【試題解析】考查詞義。下文“man’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.”中文翻譯為：人類(lèi)的本性和人類(lèi)與自己周?chē)澜缦嚓P(guān)的經(jīng)歷。A選項(xiàng)interpret“解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明；闡明”；B選項(xiàng)translate“翻譯；轉(zhuǎn)化”；C選項(xiàng)exchange“交換；交易；兌換”；D選項(xiàng)represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

28.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)recognize“認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)present“提出；介紹；呈現(xiàn)；贈(zèng)送”；C選項(xiàng)depict“描述；描畫(huà)”；D選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)；快遞”。聯(lián)系上下文可知此處表達(dá)的為“呈現(xiàn)”，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

29.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突，矛盾；斗爭(zhēng)；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”；B選項(xiàng)cooperation“合作，協(xié)作”；C選項(xiàng)collection“采集，聚集；［稅收］征收；收藏品；募捐”；D選項(xiàng)combination“結(jié)合；組合；聯(lián)合”。聯(lián)系下文“ofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.”中文翻譯為：敘述者、故事、情節(jié)、人物、場(chǎng)景和語(yǔ)言的……判斷出D選項(xiàng)正確。

30.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文可知此處應(yīng)填寫(xiě)系動(dòng)詞，故C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanewildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune'slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem'soddestplanet.Yesterday,howev