考研考博-英語-巴音郭楞職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-巴音郭楞職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

WhenMr.Liwritesanarticle,healwayskeepseveraldictionaries（）.

問題1選項

A.underhishands

B.byhand

C.outofhand

D.athand

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。byhand用手；outofhand脫手、無法控制；athand

在手邊。句意：李先生寫文章時，手邊總有幾本詞典。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge負責；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能為這個案件作證的人，因為其他證人都被神秘殺害了。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

TheDepartmentofTransportationandCommunications（DOTC.will（）thepurchaseof48newLightRailVehicles（LRV）fortheMetroRailTransit（MRT）.

問題1選項

A.proceedwith

B.proceedfrom

C.prevailover

D.presideover

【答案】A

【解析】A選項proceedwith表示“繼續(xù)進行”；B選項proceedfrom表示“從……出發(fā)”；C選項prevailover表示“勝過，占優(yōu)勢”；D選項presideover表示“主持，負責”。由原句句意可知，交通運輸部（DOTC.將為地鐵（MRT）（）_采購48輛新的輕軌車輛（LRV）。所以，只有A選項最符合原文句意。故本題正確答案為A選項。

4.單選題

Asagoodphotographer,youmustdevelopanawarenessoftheworldaroundyouandthepeoplewho（

）it.

問題1選項

A.innovate

B.inhabit

C.integrate

D.inherit

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞辨析。。innovate“改革”；inhabit“棲息”；integrate“使融人”；inherit“繼承”。句意：作為一名優(yōu)秀的攝影師，你必須形成一種意識，留意你所處的世界和棲息在這世界上的人們。選項B符合句意。

5.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

問題1選項

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

問題2選項

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

問題3選項

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

問題4選項

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它們的形式和功能、尺寸和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工匠、設計師、發(fā)明家和工程師用非科學的思維模式?jīng)Q定的。），說明各個行業(yè)的人都可以用到非科學的思維模式。因此D選項“不同行業(yè)的人可能從非科學思維中受益”正確。A選項“批判性思維可能來源于非科學思維”，文中沒有提及批判性思維，所以A錯誤。B選項“一個物體的許多特征和品質(zhì)是可以想象的”不是說的非科學性思維的用處，所以B錯誤。C選項“許多對象都是用清晰的語言描述創(chuàng)建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技術(shù)專家思考的對象的許多特征和品質(zhì)不能簡化為明確的語言描述），說明不能用清晰的語言描述創(chuàng)建，所以C錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，設計課程應該是工程課程的一個基本元素。），說明設計課程對于工程學課程來說很重要。因此D選項“如果工程學課程包括設計課的話，課程會得到加強”正確。A選項“盡管缺乏非科學的思維模式，但仍然很強大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非語言思維是工程設計的核心機制，它涉及到感知，是藝術(shù)家而非科學家的慣用手段。）可知工程學課程包含了非科學思維，所以A錯誤。B選項“不應在所有課程中強調(diào)非語言思維”，C選項“被認為包括語言或數(shù)學課程”在文中沒有提及，所以B，C錯誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.（但自相矛盾的是，當《美國工程歷史記錄》的工作人員希望讓人畫出機器的圖紙和工業(yè)過程的等距視圖，用于其對美國工程的歷史記錄時，具備必要能力的大學生卻不是工科生，而是就讀于建筑學院的學生。），說明要求非語言思維的工程專業(yè)學生本應該有更好的感知和設計能力，但他們卻不如建筑學院的學生，這是自相矛盾的。因此C選項“工程專業(yè)的學生應該比建筑專業(yè)的學生更好地感知和設計”正確。A選項“工程專業(yè)的學生不了解美國工程的歷史”，B選項“工程專業(yè)的學生應該比建筑專業(yè)的學生懂得更多”，D選項“工程專業(yè)的學生忽視了圖紙的重要性”都不是作者想指出的內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯誤。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。A選項“數(shù)學思維對任何設計課程都是必不可少的”，由原文theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.（當設計被認為主要是一個數(shù)學問題時，它們反映了產(chǎn)生的混亂。），說明數(shù)學思維對于設計來說不是必不可少的，所以A錯誤。C選項“工程設計需要科學的思想”，由原文可知作者強調(diào)的是非科學思維，所以C錯誤。D選項“藝術(shù)家在工程工作中扮演著原始的角色”在文中沒有提及所以D錯誤。B選項“非語言思維比其他知覺過程有優(yōu)勢”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非語言思維，說明作者認為非語言思維是有優(yōu)勢的，所以B選項最能代表作者的觀點。

6.單選題

Blackholesaren’texactlypoliteeaters.

Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.Scientistshavepreviouslyseenablackholeconsumeastar,andthey’vealsoseenblackholesspewsuperheatedmatter,butthisisthefirsttimethey’veseenbotheventsoccursocloselytogether.Viewingthisparticulardisappearingactatthecenterofanearbygalaxyhasshedlightonapreviouslytheoreticalphenomenonandbroughtresearchersclosertounderstandingthephysicsofblackholes.

EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.UsingacombinationofX-ray,radioandopticalsignals,theteamtrackedthestar’sdemiseacrossmultiplewavelengths,whichallowedthemtopiecetogetheramorecompletepictureofwhathappenswhenablackholesnacksonastar.

JetsofX-rayandgammarayradiationemanatingfromblackholeshavebeendocumentedbefore,butneverasadirectresultofastarbeingconsumed.Blackholesperiodicallyemitparticlesfromaccretiondisks,orringsofparticlescaughtintheirgravitationalpull.Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.So,whenresearchersnoticedanabruptspikeinactivityaroundtheblackholebackin2014,theyknewtheywereabouttowatchsomethingspecial.Thesizeandintensityoftheflareruledoutthepossibilitythatitwascausedbytheblackhole’saccretiondisk,leavingfewotherpossibilities.

“Previouseffortstofindevidenceforthesejets,includingmyown,werelatetothegame,”vanVelzensaidinanewsrelease.

Becausetheycaughttheblackholeintheactthistime,researcherswereabletoconfirmthetheorythatblackholesemitflaresofradiationintheprocessofconsuminglargequantitiesofmatter.Whilethisphenomenonisstilllargelyamystery,itisthoughtthatthejetsarecausedbymagneticfieldsinteractingwiththeparticlesswirlingaroundablackhole.TheteampublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalScience.

“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”

13.Itisthefirsttimethatscientistshavewitnessed（）.

14.SinceDecember2014,professorvanVelzenandhisteamhaveobservedandtracked（）.

15.Beforethisobservation,scientistsdidn’tknow（）.

16.AccordingtoprofessorvanVelzen,theoryabouttheeventsis（）.

問題1選項

A.ablackholeconsumeslargequantitiesofmatter

B.ablackholespewsuperheatedmatters

C.ablackholeconsumingastarandemittingradiation

D.ablackholeinteractswithanotherone

問題2選項

A.ablackholedevouringastarbiggerthanthesun

B.ablackhole300millionyearsfromEarth

C.thedevelopmentoftheblackholeforyears

D.theprocessofthestarbeingdevoured

問題3選項

A.blackholescanemitgammarayradiation

B.blackholescanemitX-rayradiation

C.blackholesemitsradiationswhenconsumingstars

D.blackholeshaveabruptspikeinactivityarounditself

問題4選項

A.complicated

B.innovate

C.mature

D.embryonic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“firsttime”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.（科學家首次觀測到一個黑洞吞噬了一顆恒星，并在吞噬恒星時撕裂了等離子體的“飽嗝”——這是一個極其罕見的發(fā)現(xiàn)。），這里的“飽嗝”指的是黑洞吞噬了恒星后發(fā)出了輻射。因此C選項“黑洞吞噬了一顆恒星并發(fā)出輻射”正確。A選項“黑洞會消耗大量的物質(zhì)”，B選項“黑洞噴出熱物質(zhì)”，D選項“一個黑洞與另一個黑洞相互影響”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“professorvanVelzen”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.（自從俄亥俄州立大學的研究人員在2014年12月注意到一顆與太陽差不多大小的恒星被拉入黑洞后，約翰霍普金斯大學的SjoertvanVelzen教授領(lǐng)導的科學家團隊就把目光鎖定在了這個距離地球約3億光年的饑餓黑洞上。在幾個月的時間里，vanVelzen的團隊看著黑洞從這顆注定要毀滅的恒星中吸取物質(zhì)，直到它被完全吞噬。），說明自從2014年12月以來，vanVelzen教授及其團隊觀察并跟蹤了黑洞吞噬恒星的過程。因此D選項“恒星被吞噬的過程”正確。A選項“一個黑洞吞噬了一顆比太陽還大的恒星”，由原文可知，這顆恒星與太陽差不多大，所以A錯誤。B選項“距離地球3億年的黑洞”，由原文可知這個黑洞距離地球約3億光年，所以B錯誤。C選項“觀察了好幾年黑洞的發(fā)展”，由原文可知，他們觀察的時間是幾個月，所以C錯誤。

15.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.（有人曾假設，如果一個巨大的物體，比如一顆恒星，被拖進黑洞，也會發(fā)生類似的輻射。然而，科學家們從未能夠觀察到這樣的事件。），說明在這次觀測之前，科學家們并不知道黑洞在吞噬恒星時也會產(chǎn)生輻射。因此C選項“黑洞吞噬恒星時會發(fā)出輻射”正確。A選項“黑洞可以發(fā)出伽馬射線輻射”，B選項“黑洞能發(fā)出X射線輻射”，D選項“黑洞在自身周圍有突然的活動峰值”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”（“一顆恒星被黑洞毀滅的過程是非常復雜的，而且遠未被理解，”vanVelzen說?！皬奈覀兊挠^察中，我們了解到，恒星碎片流可以組織起來，并相當迅速地形成噴射流，這對構(gòu)建這些事件的完整理論非常有價值?！保?，說明vanVelzen教授認為關(guān)于這些事件的理論還處于初級階段。因此D選項“萌芽階段”正確。A選項“復雜”，B選項“創(chuàng)新”，C選項“成熟”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯誤。

7.單選題

Weshallneverbeableto（）ourselvestrulyunlessweareworkingforthewelfareofourfellows.

問題1選項

A.realize

B.spot

C.accomplish

D.fulfill

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。realize著重指把過去的計劃或意愿變成現(xiàn)實;spot為動詞時指的是"沾上污漬";accomplish是正式用詞,強調(diào)一個過程的完成,也可指依靠努力達到一定目的,或取得一定的結(jié)果;fulfill強調(diào)夢寐以求,強調(diào)滿足。句意：除非我們?yōu)樗说母＠ぷ?否則我們永遠不可能真正實現(xiàn)自我。選項D更恰當。

8.單選題

ShanghaiOrientMenBasketballTeamattributedits______NationalLeagueBasketballTournamentin2002toanumberof______factors.

問題1選項

A.losing;ominous

B.embarrassing;optimistic

C.wining;advantageous

D.winning;adventurous

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞匯辨析。A選項losing“損失；失敗”；ominous“預兆的；不吉利的”；B選項embarrassing“使人尷尬的；令人為難的”；optimistic“樂觀的；樂觀主義的”；C選項wining“勝利，致勝”；advantageous“有利的；有益的”；D選項wining“勝利，致勝”；adventurous“愛冒險的；大膽的；充滿危險的”。句意：上海東方男籃將2002年全國籃球聯(lián)賽的勝利歸功于諸多有利因素。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Alargepartofhumanactivity,particularlyinrelationtotheenvironment,is____conditionsorevents.

問題1選項

A.inresponseto

B.infavorof

C.incontrastto

D.inexcessof

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.inresponseto對……的反應或回答B(yǎng).infavorof贊成

C.incontrastto與……不同D.inexcessof超過

【答案】A

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】該句主語為“大部分的人類活動，特別是與環(huán)境有關(guān)的活動”，空格后的內(nèi)容為“情況或事件”，A選項inresponseto“對……的反應或回答”符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原文前后語義銜接。

【句意】大部分的人類活動，特別是與環(huán)境有關(guān)的活動，是對各種情況或事件的反應。

10.單選題

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccomplishedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,sillicons,andplexiglassweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlytheprodigiousassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpenditurethatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpenditureforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,alternately,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudget,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittlevestedinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecases,whereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

41.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsoftwentiethcentury______.

42.Itistheauthor’sbelief,asexpressedorimpliedinthepassage,that______.

43.Managementandstockholdersmightbedeeplyconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif______.

44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor______.

45.Theamountofmoneyspentbythefederalgovernmentfornon-militaryresearchandproductdevelopmentis______.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisneitherexpressednorimpliedinthepassage?

47.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto______.

48.Whichofthefollowingbestsupportsthethesisthatindustrialgiantsdonotbestservetoprovidetheinnovationweneedtoimproveourstandardoflivingandprotectourdiminishingresources?

49.Theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Thesentencemeans______.

50.Accordingtotheauthor,theconglomeratesmayspendlargeamountoninnovationbecause______.

問題1選項

A.arenotnecessarilyproducedasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

問題2選項

A.monopolypowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation

B.governmentprotectionformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources

C.industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchange

D.firmswithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment

問題3選項

A.theircompanyisfacedwithstrongcompetitioninafieldnotdominatedbyoneoftheindustrialgiants

B.theyareverystableandsecureandholdamonopolypositionintheirindustry

C.theyarepartofthemilitary-industrialcomplexandaretherecipientsoffederalfundsforproductdevelopment

D.theyhaveproducedsomeoftheimportantinventionsofthiscentury

問題4選項

A.haslittleconfidenceintheabilityofmonopolisticindustrytoproducetheimportantinventionsofthefuture

B.wouldratherseethefederalgovernmentspendmoneyonsocialservicesthanonthedefenseestablishment

C.favorsaconservativeapproachtoinnovationandplacestrustinconglomeratestoprovideefficientproduction

D.whileadmittingthatmorethanhalftheimportantinventionsofthecenturywereproducedbyindependentinventors,feelthatthefutureliesinthehandsofgiantindustry

問題5選項

A.morethan$36billioneachyear

B.approximately$24billioneachyear

C.morethan$18billioneachyear

D.lessthan$12billioneachyear

問題6選項

A.Importantinventionshavebeenproduced,inthepast,byindividualsaswellasbycorporateteams.

B.Thefederalgovernment’sresearchfundsarefunneledintopureresearchaswellasmilitaryresearch.

C.Thedevelopmentoftheautomatictransmissionisnotcreditedtoorganizedindustrialresearch.

D.Industrialgiantsmaydeliberatelysuppressinnovationstoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescence.

問題7選項

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

問題8選項

A.Morethanhalftheimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.

B.Morethanhalfthegovernmentexpenditureforresearchgoestomilitaryresearch.

C.Themissileindustryisonethatbenefitsfromgovernmentspendingforresearch.

D.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances.

問題9選項

A.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbecauseofobsolescencebypurposelypreventingtechnologicalprogress

B.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebypurposelypromotingtechnologicalprogress

C.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebydeliberatelyspendingmoremoneyontechnologicalprogress

D.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebypurposelyinvestingmoremoneyoninnovation

問題10選項

A.theyarecompletelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures

B.theyaresupportiveofinnovation

C.theycanaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneeded

D.they,too,mustcompeteagainstanotherindustrialGoliath

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】41.【選項釋義】

41.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsoftwentiethcentury______.41.根據(jù)文章，20世紀的重要發(fā)明______。

A.arenotnecessarilyproducedasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopmentA.不一定是政府支持軍事武器研發(fā)的結(jié)果

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustriesB.主要來自壟斷行業(yè)的大型實驗室

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteamsC.至少是由獨立發(fā)明家和研究團隊共同創(chuàng)造的

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomeratesD.對小公司的影響大于對大公司的影響

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第二句“最近一項對世紀之交以來的重要發(fā)明的研究表明，超過一半的發(fā)明是獨立于工業(yè)研究組織的個體發(fā)明者獨自工作的成果”，和第三句“當工業(yè)實驗室貢獻了像尼龍和晶體管這樣重要的產(chǎn)品時，獨立的發(fā)明家發(fā)明了空調(diào)、自動變速器、噴氣發(fā)動機、直升機、胰島素和鏈霉素?！?，可知20世紀的重要發(fā)明至少是由獨立發(fā)明家和研究團隊共同創(chuàng)造的，那么C項意思與之相符。故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“不一定是政府支持軍事武器研發(fā)的結(jié)果”，在原文中并沒有提到20世紀的重要發(fā)明和政府支持軍事武器研發(fā)的關(guān)系，無中生有；

B選項“主要來自壟斷行業(yè)的大型實驗室”與原文不符，超過一半的發(fā)明是由個體發(fā)明者研究出來的，該項曲解原文；

D選項“對小公司的影響大于對大公司的影響”，在原文中說的是研究所需的支出，與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

42.【選項釋義】

42.Itistheauthor’sbelief,asexpressedorimpliedinthepassage,that______.42.正如文章中所表達或暗示的那樣，作者認為______。

A.monopolypowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovationA.壟斷力量創(chuàng)造了一個支持創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境

B.governmentprotectionformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresourcesB.政府對軍事研究的保護將在很大程度上保護我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源

C.industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangeC.擁有管理機構(gòu)的工業(yè)巨頭對技術(shù)變革的反應更快

D.firmswithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipmentD.市場份額小的公司將積極追求創(chuàng)新，因為他們不會被束縛在舊的固定設備中

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“此外，市場份額小的公司將積極追求新技術(shù)和不同的產(chǎn)品，因為在固定設備或工廠方面沒有什么既得利益，它不會阻止對創(chuàng)新的投資”，可知市場份額小的公司因為在設備和工廠方面都沒有既得利益，所以他們不會阻止對創(chuàng)新的投資；理解可推斷，市場份額小的公司將積極追求創(chuàng)新，因為他們不會被束縛在設備和工廠中。故該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“壟斷力量創(chuàng)造了一個支持創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境”在原文第二段提到，但是第二句指出個體發(fā)明家和小公司無法承擔這種創(chuàng)新所需的支出，只有大公司才能負擔，但是第三段作者提到大企業(yè)更傾向于保持現(xiàn)狀，所以作者并不相信“壟斷力量創(chuàng)造了一個支持創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境”，該項反向干擾；

B選項“政府對軍事研究的保護將在很大程度上保護我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源”定位第二段最后一句“有些人認為，這些與國防有關(guān)的研究項目能否改善生活水平，或者能否在保護我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源方面起很大作用，是值得懷疑的”，其中“這”指的是政府對軍事研究的支持，理解可知“政府對軍事研究的保護將在很大程度上保護我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源”是“值得懷疑的”，該項曲解原文；

C選項“擁有管理機構(gòu)的工業(yè)巨頭對技術(shù)變革的反應更快”從第三段最后一句“……工業(yè)巨頭可能會通過故意阻礙技術(shù)進步來避免因過時而造成的資本損失”可看出，該項與原文相反，反向干擾。

43.【選項釋義】

43.Managementandstockholdersmightbedeeplyconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif______.43.如果______，管理層和股東可能更關(guān)心削減成本而不是創(chuàng)新。

A.theircompanyisfacedwithstrongcompetitioninafieldnotdominatedbyoneoftheindustrialgiantsA.他們的公司在一個并非由工業(yè)巨頭主導的領(lǐng)域中面臨著激烈的競爭

B.theyareverystableandsecureandholdamonopolypositionintheirindustryB.他們非常穩(wěn)定和安全，在他們的行業(yè)中占有壟斷地位

C.theyarepartofthemilitary-industrialcomplexandaretherecipientsoffederalfundsforproductdevelopmentC.他們是軍工復合體的一部分，并接受聯(lián)邦資金用于產(chǎn)品開發(fā)

D.theyhaveproducedsomeoftheimportantinventionsofthiscenturyD.他們創(chuàng)造了本世紀的一些重要發(fā)明

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第三句“雖然可以假設（assumed）在一個不是由單個公司主導的（notdominatedbyasinglecorporation）高度競爭的行業(yè)中（ahighlycompetitiveindustry），對創(chuàng)新的投資可能會遇到來自管理層和股東的阻力，他們可能更關(guān)心削減成本、高效率的組織和大量的廣告預算……”，從中可知，在一個不是由單個公司主導的高度競爭的行業(yè)中，管理層和股東可能更關(guān)心削減成本而不是創(chuàng)新；從ahighlycompetitiveindustry（高度競爭的行業(yè)）和notdominatedbyasinglecorporation（不是由單個公司主導）可以看出，這兩個是管理層和股東可能不會關(guān)心創(chuàng)新的原因。A選項“他們的公司在一個并非由工業(yè)巨頭主導的領(lǐng)域中面臨著激烈的競爭”符合題意，故選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B選項“他們非常穩(wěn)定和安全，在他們的行業(yè)中占有壟斷地位”、C選項“他們是軍工復合體的一部分，并接受聯(lián)邦資金用于產(chǎn)品開發(fā)”和D選項“他們創(chuàng)造了本世紀的一些重要發(fā)明”在文中都沒有說明，無中生有。

44.【選項釋義】

44.It