考研考博-英語-成都紡織高等?？茖W校考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都紡織高等專科學校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Calculusdoesnothavetobemadeeasy—itiseasyalready.ThatbannerusedtogracetheLosAngelesclassroomofsomeoneoncecalledthebestteacherinAmerica.JaimeEscalante,theunconventionalcalculusteacherwhowasdepictedbyEdwardJamesOlmosinthe1988filmStandandDeliver,diedlastyearofcancerattheageof79.

Halfayearafterhisdeath,theObamaadministrationweighedinonthestateofscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics（STEM）educationinthiscountry.Thereport,“PrepareandInspire,”reviewedthesoberingstatisticsabouthowourK-12schoolssufferbycomparisontotheircounterpartsinotherdevelopednations.Itcalledforrecruitingandtraining100,000STEMteachers.

Butachievingthesegoalsisnotgoingtobeeasy.Thereportnotedthat25,000STEMteachersleavetheworkforceeveryyear,mostlybecauseofdisgruntlementwiththeirjobsandlackofprofessionalsupport.Toattractandretainenoughscienceandmathteachers,itwillrequireanelevationintheirstatusandathoroughrevamping（翻新）ofattitudestowardtheentireprofession.

Theonus（責任）toimproveschoolsshouldbeonfederal,stateandlocaleducationalstrategists.Thefirststepshouldbetotapthestrengthsoftheexistingteachingpool.Wemustidentifytoday’sEscalante—thetop5percentofthenation’sSTEMteachers—and,asrecommendedintheadministrationreport,inductthemintoaSTEMmasterteacherscorpsthatwouldreceivesalarysupplementsandfederalfundingtosupporttheiractivities.Second,weneedtogiveallteachersthetoolstheyneed.WeshouldformtheequivalentofanAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencytohelpdevelopeducationaltechnologies,including“deeplydigital”instructionalmaterialsthatencourageactiveparticipation.Finally,weshouldshiftouremphasisfromstandardstoimplementation.Developingnewstandardsdoeshavearole,butitisthedifficultyofputtingthemintopractice,giventheday-to-daypressuresthatteachersareunder.

TomeetallthegoalssetbytheWhiteHousereportwouldrequireanextra$1billioneachyear.Againstthenearly$600billionspentannuallyforpubliceducation,itisnotahugesum.Still,withlocaldistrictsfacedwithdecliningtaxrevenuesandunfundedmandates,someofthemoneywillhavetocomefromthefederalgovernment.

Thatgoesagainstthegrainduringatimewhenteachers’salariesandbenefitsarebeingcut.Yetthecostsofdoingnothingareamatterofsimplecalculus.IfwedonotimproveSTEMeducation,theU.S.willcontinueadecades-longslidefromthemiddleofthepackinstudentachievementtowardtheverybottom.

1.TheexampleofJaimeEscalanteiscitedtoshow（

）.

2.TheauthorcomesupwiththefollowingsolutionsEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatthebiggestbarriertotheeducationreformliesin（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,“...thecostsofdoingnothingareamatterofsimplecalculus”meansthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.thelackofSTEMteachers

B.theinfluenceofgoodteachers

C.thedifficultytobeateacher

D.society’srespecttoteachers

問題2選項

A.attractingtalentedteacherstoSTEMeducation

B.grantingspecialallowancestotopteachers

C.improvingauxiliarymaterialsforteachers

D.elevatingsocialandeconomicpositionsofteachers

問題3選項

A.thefederalgovernment

B.lacksocialsupport

C.economichardships

D.greatlossofteachers

問題4選項

A.it’snevertoolatetodosomething

B.calculuscanbesimple

C.costsisnoteasytocalculate

D.educationreformisimperative

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞JaimeEscalante定位到文章第一段，由oncecalledthebestteacherinAmerica（曾經(jīng)被稱為美國最好的老師）可知JaimeEscalante是一位好老師，以及第二段首句Halfayearafterhisdeath,theObamaadministrationweighedinonthestateofscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics（STEM）educationinthiscountry（在他去世半年后，奧巴馬政府對美國的科學、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學教育狀況進行了評估）可知B選項“好老師的影響”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段中的Toattractandretainenoughscienceandmathteachers,itwillrequireanelevationintheirstatusandathoroughrevampingofattitudestowardtheentireprofession.（要吸引和留住足夠的科學和數(shù)學教師，就需要提高他們的地位，徹底改變對整個行業(yè)的態(tài)度）與D選項“提高教師的社會經(jīng)濟地位”相對應；第四段中的receivesalarysupplementsandfederalfunding...tohelpdevelopeducationaltechnologies，including“deeplydigital”instructionalmaterials（領取工資補助和聯(lián)邦資金……幫助發(fā)展教育技術(shù)，包括“深度數(shù)字化”教學材料）分別對應B選項“給予優(yōu)秀教師特殊津貼”和C選項“改進教師輔助材料”，通過排除法，可知A選項為正確答案。

3.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Still,withlocaldistrictsfacedwithdecliningtaxrevenuesandunfundedmandates,someofthemoneywillhavetocomefromthefederalgovernment.（然而，由于當?shù)氐貐^(qū)面臨稅收下降和無資金支持的情況，部分資金將不得不來自聯(lián)邦政府）和最后一段的首句Thatgoesagainstthegrainduringatimewhenteachers’salariesandbenefitsarebeingcut.（當教師的工資和福利被削減的時候，這是背道而馳的）可知C選項“經(jīng)濟困難”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的IfwedonotimproveSTEMeducation,theU.S.willcontinueadecades-longslidefromthemiddleofthepackinstudentachievementtowardtheverybottom.（如果我們不改善STEM教育，美國學生的成績將從中等繼續(xù)滑落到低端）可知D選項“教育改革勢在必行”符合題意。

2.單選題

14.

問題1選項

A.Saturdaymorning.

B.Saturdaynight.

C.Sundayafternoon.

D.Nextweekend.

【答案】D

【解析】W:IfyougotothefootballgameonSaturdaynightandconcertorplayonSunday,youwon’thavemuchtimetostudy.

M:Well,Icandothattheweekendafterthisone.

Q:Whendoesthemanplantostudy?

【解析】男士說：Icandothattheweekend(我可以下周末再做)。

3.單選題

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery（

）meeting.

問題1選項

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。productive“多產(chǎn)的，富有成效的”；overwhelming“壓倒性的”；compulsory“強制的”；protective“保護的”。句意：今年早些時候聯(lián)合國在維也納召開的濫用藥品大會取得了相當大的成果。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Humanrelationshavecommandedpeople’sattentionfromearlytimes.Thewaysofpeoplehavebeenrecordedininnumerablemyths,folktales,novels,poems,plays,andpopularorphilosophicalessays.Althoughthefullsignificanceofahumanrelationshipmaynotbedirectlyevident;thecomplexityoffeelingsandactionsthatcanbeunderstoodataglanceissurprisinglygreat.Forthisreasonpsychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences.“Intuitive”knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior:whereasinthephysicalsciencessuchcommonsenseknowledgeisrelativelyprimitive.Ifweerasedallknowledgeofscientificphysicsfromourmodemworld,notonlywouldwenothavecarsandtelevisionsets,wemightevenfindthattheordinarypersonwasunabletocopewiththefundamentalmechanicalproblemofpulleysandlevers.Ontheotherhand,ifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys”ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived,enablesonetointeractwithothersinmoreorlessadaptiveways.Kohlerinreferringtothelackofgreatdiscoveriesinpsychologyascomparedwithphysics,accountsforthisbysayingthat“people”wereacquaintedwithpracticallyallterritoriesofmentallifealongtimebeforethefoundingofscientificpsychology.

Paradoxically,withallthisnatural,intuitive,commonsensecapacitytograsphumanrelation,thescienceofhumanrelationshasbeenoneofthelasttodevelop.

Differentexplanationsofthisparadoxhavebeensuggested.Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves,butwemightaskwhypeoplehavealwayslovedtoreadpessimistic,debunkingwritings.FromEcclesiastestoFreud,ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically,whyshouldonedevelopatheorycarryoutsystematicobservations,ormakepredictionsabouttheobvious?Inanycase,thefieldofhumanrelations,withitsvastliterarydocumentationbutmeagerscientifictreatmentisingreatcontrasttothefieldofphysicsinwhichtherearerelativelyfewnonscientificbooks.

1.Accordingtothepassage,ithasbeensuggestedthatthescienceofhumanrelationswasslowtodevelopbecause（

）.

2.Theauthor’statementthat“psychologyholdsauniquepositionamongthesciences”issupportedbywhichofthefollowingclaimsinthepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,anunderstandingoftheselfcanbe（

）.

4.Theauthorreferstopeoplewhoareattractedto“pessimisticdebunkingwritings”inordertosupportwhichofthefollowingideas?

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorassumesthatcommonsenseknowledgeofhumrelationsis（

）

問題1選項

A.intuitiveknowledgeofhumanrelationsisderivedfromphilosophy

B.earlyscientistweremoreinterestedinthephysicalworld

C.scientificstudiesofhumanrelationsappeartoinvestigatebeobvious

D.thescientificmethodisdifficulttoapplytothestudyofhumanrelations

問題2選項

A.Thefullmeaningofahumanrelationshipmaynotbeobvious

B.Commonsenseunderstandingofhumanrelationscanbeincisive

C.Intuitiveknowledgeinthephysicalsciencesisrelativelyadvanced.

D.Subjectivebiasisdifficulttocontrolinpsychologicalresearch.

問題3選項

A.highlybiasedduetounconsciousfactors

B.profoundevenwhenvaguelyconceived

C.improvedbyspecializedtraining

D.irrelevantforunderstandinghumanrelations

問題4選項

A.Interestingbooksabouthumanrelationsaretypicallypessimistic.

B.Peopletendtoignorescientificexplanationsofhumanrelations.

C.Peoplerarelyholdpleasingillusionsaboutthemselves.

D.Ascientificapproachtohumanrelationswouldunderminethepleasingillusionspeopleholdofthemselves.

問題5選項

A.equallywelldevelopedamongalladultswithinagivensociety

B.considerablymoreaccurateinsomesocietiesthaninothers

C.typicallyunrelatedtoanindividual’sinteractionswithotherpeople

D.usuallysufficientlyaccuratetofacilitateinteractionswithothers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段：Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves：其中之一認為，科學會摧毀人們有關(guān)自身的自負的、樂觀的幻想；Ithasalsobeenproposedthatjustbecauseweknowsomuchaboutpeopleintuitively,therehasbeenlessincentiveforstudyingthemscientifically.還有人提出，正是因為我們對人直覺地了解得那么多，所以就缺乏動力來科學地研究它們。確定C選項‘科學研究人際關(guān)系似乎是研究明顯的表象‘正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段：“Intuitive”knowledgemayberemarkablypenetratingandcansignificantlyhelpusunderstandhumanbehavior：“直覺的”知識可以是非常透徹的并且大大有助于我們?nèi)ダ斫馊说男袨?。確定B選項‘常識性知識了解人際關(guān)系能了解得很深刻透徹‘正確。A選項’人際關(guān)系的全部意義可能不明顯‘，這不是心理學占據(jù)獨特地位的根本原因。C選項’在自然科學中，直覺性知識是相當先進的‘，這與原文矛盾，原文說的是直覺性知識在自然科學領域中相當原始（低級）。D選項’主觀偏見難以控制心理學研究‘文章未提及。

3.根據(jù)第一段：Inotherwords,theordinarypersonhasagreatandprofoundunderstandingoftheselfandofotherpeoplewhich,thoughunformulatedoronlyvaguelyconceived：換句話說，普通人非常了解自身和其他人，盡管這種了解沒有得到系統(tǒng)闡述，或者只是模糊地體會到。確定B選項‘即使模糊地體會到，也能更深的了解‘正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段：Oneisthatsciencewoulddestroythevainandpleasingillusionspeoplehaveaboutthemselves：其中之一認為，科學會摧毀人們有關(guān)自身的自負的、樂觀的幻想。確定C選項‘人們很少能堅持有關(guān)自身的樂觀幻想’符合題意。

5.根據(jù)第一段：Ontheotherhand,ifweremovedallknowledgeofscientificpsychologyfromourworld,problemsininterpersonalrelationmighteasilybecopedwithandsolvedmuchasbefore.Wewouldstill“know”howtoavoiddoingsomethingaskedofusandhowtogetsomeonetoagreewithus;wewouldstill“know”whensomeonewasangryandwhensomeonewaspleased.Onecouldevenoffersensibleexplanationsforthe“whys”ofmuchoftheself’sbehaviorandfeelings.但是，如果我們從世界上去掉全部科學心理學的知識，人際關(guān)系中的許多問題還是可以和以前一樣很容易地去處理和解決。我們?nèi)匀粫爸馈比绾味惚軇e人要我們做的事情和如何使某人同意我們的意見；我們?nèi)匀粫爸馈保裁磿r候某人生氣了、什么時候某人高興了。人們甚至能夠提出許多合乎情理的解釋，來說明自身行為和感情的許多原因。確定D選項‘一般足以正確到使人與人之間交往很順當’正確。

5.單選題

（）touchinginO'Henry'sstoriesisthegallantrywithwhichordinarypeoplestruggletomaintaintheirdignity.

問題1選項

A.Mostis

B.Itmostlyis

C.Isitmost

D.Whatismost

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句。what引導的名詞性從句作主語，所以選項D正確。句意：在歐亨利的故事中，最感人的是普通人為維護自己的尊嚴而斗爭的英勇行為。

6.單選題

Thisstyleofcookingis（）toSouth-Easternprovinces.

問題1選項

A.bizarre

B.odd

C.peculiar

D.weird

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。四個選項均有"不平常的"或"奇怪的"的意思。bizarre指態(tài)度,容貌,款式等怪異;odd強調(diào)有異于正常,表示不標準、不正規(guī)、不符合規(guī)律等,暗示這種奇異令人困惑不解;peculiar強調(diào)具有明顯的奇異特征;weird"怪異的,超自然的,厄運的運氣或命運",尤指不吉祥的。句意：這種烹飪方式是東南部省份所特有的。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Toexploremechanicalsecretdetection,asearchinstitutehasdevelopedasyntheticnosewhichcandetectscentsinvaporsata（

）ofoneparticletoamillion.

問題1選項

A.number

B.percentage

C.proportion

D.ratio

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。number意為“數(shù)量”，anumberof意為“許多的”；percentage意為“百分比，百分率”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，強調(diào)比例通常以100％為比例基數(shù)；ratio意為“比率，比例”，強調(diào)是整體與部分、部分與部分的比率。

句意：為了探尋機械的神秘的探測，一個研究機構(gòu)研發(fā)了一個人造鼻子，它可以在蒸發(fā)的氣體中偵探出百萬分之一的氣味。

8.單選題

BuildtheBird’sNestcallsforgiantcurvingbeamswhichcrisscrossinan（）patternofwovensteel.

問題1選項

A.intuitive

B.intensive

C.intrinsic

D.intricate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項intuitive“直覺的，憑直覺獲知的”；B選項intensive“加強的，集中的”；C選項intrinsic“本質(zhì)的，固有的”；D選項intricate“復雜的，錯綜的”。句意：建造鳥巢需要巨大的彎曲梁，它們交錯成_____的編織鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。這里表達的意思是“交錯成復雜的編織鋼結(jié)構(gòu)”，因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

（）,Icouldn'tunderstandwhatismeantbythat.

問題1選項

A.AsItryhard

B.HardasImighttry

C.Imighttryhard

D.Itriedhard

【答案】B

【解析】語法題?？疾榈寡b。句意：盡管我很努力，我還是不明白那是什么意思。這里是as（盡管）引導的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)：adj./adv.+as+主語+其他成份，因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

問題1選項

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題2選項

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題3選項

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

問題4選項

A.Abandonmentoffallowperiod

B.Disappearanceofoldplantvarieties

C.Increaseduseofchemicalinputs

D.Increasedirrigation

E.Insuranceagainstpestsanddiseases

F.Soilerosion

G.Cleaninglandforcultivation

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:F

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionC，“l(fā)andclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation”，用于農(nóng)業(yè)的土地開荒是森林砍伐的最大原因?？膳袛喑隹赡茉斐砷_發(fā)森林的農(nóng)業(yè)活動是農(nóng)地開荒。選項G符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionC，“chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies”，化肥和殺蟲劑可能污染水源。可判斷出可能造成供水質(zhì)量下降的原因是化學物品的使用。選項C符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC，“moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion”，可判斷出更密集的耕作和休耕期的喪失往往會加劇土壤侵蝕?？膳袛喑雒芗霓r(nóng)業(yè)活動可能會導致土壤侵蝕。選項F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionC，“thespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.”，隨著單一栽培和高產(chǎn)作物品種的推廣和使用，導致一些原來的糧食作物的消失，這可能為今后防治病蟲害提供了一些保障?？膳袛喑鰡我辉耘喾绞降氖褂每赡軐е乱恍┡f的糧食作物品種的消失。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

ItisGasNatural’sthirdattempttohookupwithabigpartnerinSpain’srapidlyconsolidatingpowerindustry,havingbeenrebuffedbyEndesain2005andIberdrolain2003.

問題1選項

A.repulsed

B.disclaimed

C.excoriated

D.redintegrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義動詞辨析。A選項repulse“驅(qū)逐；憎惡”；B選項disclaim“否認，拒絕；放棄，棄權(quán)；拒絕承認”；C選項excoriate“嚴厲的責難；擦破……的皮膚”；D選項redintegrate“使復原；重建；使更新”。句意：這是西班牙天然氣公司第三次嘗試在西班牙快速鞏固的電力行業(yè)中與大型合作伙伴結(jié)盟，2005年被Endesa公司拒絕，2003年被Iberdrola公司拒絕。rebuff“斷然拒絕”，B選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

______yellingatmelikethis?It’syouwhoaretoblameforthisaffair.

問題1選項

A.Whereisthepointof

B.Whatisthepointfor

C.Whereisthepointasto

D.Whatisthepointof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。what’sthepointofsth./doingsth.“……的意義、關(guān)鍵/做某事的意義”。句意：你這樣吼我有什么意義？這件事該怪你。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

問題1選項

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項presentation“展示，描述”，B項instruction“指令，命令，教導”，C項conviction“定罪，確信”，D項obligation“義務，職責”；根據(jù)句子語境“這所學校承諾縮小班級規(guī)模，提供更個性化的……”可知，只有B項符合。句意：這所學校承諾要縮小班級規(guī)模，提供更加個性化的教學。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

14.單選題

Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials,（）.

問題1選項

A.differsonlyindegree

B.onlyindegreeitdiffers

C.itonlydiffersindegree

D.differingonlyindegree

【答案】D

【解析】考查分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩個獨自的句子用逗號隔開且沒有連詞，說明后半句應使用非謂語成分，即動詞的分詞形式或不定式，這里只有選項D是非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選項D正確。

15.單選題

Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問題1選項

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Perfect“完美的”；total“全部的”；sheer“絕對的；純粹的”；integral“完整的”。句意：純粹是出于報復，他拼命詆毀她的人品，毀壞她的名譽。選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Signsystemsingeneralare______:iconicorconventional.

問題1選項

A.twotypes

B.oftwotypes

C.thetwotypes

D.ofthetwotypes

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法?！癰eof+名詞”可用來說明句子主語在度量，大小，顏色，類別等方面的特征，這類名詞有age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind等，排除A項和C項，D項多了定冠詞the,因此B項符合題意。句意：符號系統(tǒng)一般有兩種類型：標志性的或傳統(tǒng)的。因此B項正確。

17.單選題

Barrymore（）,buteachisrememberednotforhiswomenbutforhistalent.

問題1選項

A.hadmanywives.Garrickone

B.hadmanywives.Garrickhavingone

C.havingmanywives,Garrickjustone

D.hadmanywives.Garrickhadonlyonewife

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。分析題干可知前面為兩個獨立的分句，因此D項正確。句意：白瑞摩有許多妻子。加里克只有一個妻子，但每個人都不是因為他的女人而被銘記，而是因為他的才華。

18.翻譯題

中國與西方國家的合作是互利的。中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，不僅改善了本國人民的生活，也為世界經(jīng)濟的增長提供了新的推動力，為發(fā)達國家提供了更多的商業(yè)機會。中國是一個潛力巨大的新興市場，西方國家技術(shù)先進，資金雄厚，兩者經(jīng)濟上具有很強的互補性。西方一些國家對華采取歧視性的貿(mào)易政策，不僅損人，最終也會損害自己的利益。

【答案】參考譯文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

19.單選題

CoxRadio,oneofthenation’slargestradiochains,planstoitstieswithindependentrecordpromotersto_______distanceitselffromapayola-likepracticethatrunsrampantinthemusicbusiness.

問題1選項

A.consolidate

B.tout

C.sever

D.splash

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“consolidate”意為“鞏固，使固定；聯(lián)合”；B選項“tout”意為“兜售；招來；刺探賽馬情報”；C選項“sever”意為“割斷，斷絕；分開；使分離”；D選項“splash”意為“潑灑；把（水、泥等）潑在……上；（在水中）濺著水花行走”。句意：考克斯廣播公司是美國最大的廣播連鎖之一，它計劃與獨立唱片推廣商合作，以擺脫在音樂界猖獗的類似賄賂的做法。由題干可知，apayola-likepractice（類似賄賂的做法），廣播公司肯定是不愿意接受賄賂的做法，所以他們要擺脫這種行為，與這種做法斷絕關(guān)系。因此C選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Physicallywefeelcomfortable.But（

）,wesufferalot.

問題1選項

A.psychologically

B.moderately

C.naturally

D.precisely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。psychologically“心理上地”；moderately“適度地”；naturally“自然地”；precisely“精準地”。句意：我們身體上很舒服，但是精神上備受折磨。選項A符合題意。

21.單選題

Ofcourse,therearepictureswhichcanbeinterpretedinmorethanoneway,andevenpicturesforwhichthereisno（

）interpretation.

問題1選項

A.plausible

B.applicable

C.reliable

D.comprehensible

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。plausible“看似合理的”；applicable“可應用的”；reliable“可以信賴的”；comprehensible“可以理解的”。句意：當然，有些畫作可以從多種角度來理解，而有些畫作卻難以得到合理的解讀。選項A符合句意。

22.單選題

Foryearsshewasdependentondrugsanddrinkanditwasonlyinherfiftiesthatshefinallymanagedtoovercomethese（）.

問題1選項

A.accessories

B.addictions

C.attachments

D.admission

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項accessory表示“配件；附件；從犯”；B選項addiction表示“上癮；沉溺；嗜好”；C選項attachment表示“附件；依戀；連接物”；D選項admission表示“承認；錄用；進入許可；坦白”。根據(jù)dependentondrugsanddrink可知，她多年來都依賴毒品和酒精，