考研考博-英語-哈爾濱鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Speech—theactofutteringsoundstoconveymeaningisakindofhumanaction.Likeanyotherconstantlyrepeatedaction,speakinghastobelearned,butonceitislearned,itbecomesagenerallyunconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.

Asfaraswecandeterminehumanbeingsdonotneedtobeforcedtospeak;mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.Howtospeakandwhattosayareanothermatteraltogether,Theseactionsarelearnedfromtheparticularsocietyintowhichthebabyisborn;sothat,likeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatternedactivity.

Themeanderingbabbleandchatterofayoungchildareeventuallychanneledbyimitationintoafeworderlygroovesthatrepresentthepatternacceptedasmeaningfulbythepeoplearoundhim.Similarly,achild'sindiscriminatepracticeofputtingthingsintohismouthbecomeslimitedtoputtingfoodintohismouthinacertainway.

Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.However,achildbornintoasocietywithapatternoflanguageisencouragedtomakeasmallselectionofsoundsandtomakethesefewsoundsoverandoveruntilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.

1.Foranadulttheprocessofspeakingusuallyinvolves（）

.

2.Theselectionsaysthatmostbabieshaveaninstinctivedriveto（）

.

3.Conductthatislearnedfromasocietymaybecalled（）

.

4.Themostimportantfactorinachild'slearningtospeakprobablyis（）.

5.Thesoundsthatachildisabletomakeare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consciousselectionofsounds

B.imitationofthosearoundhim

C.adrivetomakenoises

D.unconsciousactions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.expressideasinwords

B.makespeechliksnoises

C.Conveymeaning

D.imitatesoundsaroundthem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.instinctivedrive

B.selection

C.automaticactivity

D.patternedactivity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.repetition

B.selection

C.instinct

D.imitation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.notasvariedasthoseusedinlanguage

B.morevariedandnumerousthanthoseinanylanguage

C.farfewerthanthoseneededtoformalanguage

D.completelydifferentfromthesoundsoflanguage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Likeanyother...unconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.”就像任何其他不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作一樣，說話是需要學(xué)習(xí)的，但是一旦學(xué)會(huì)了，它就會(huì)變成一個(gè)通常無意識(shí)的、明顯是自動(dòng)的過程。所以，說話過程通常包含無意識(shí)行為。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第一句“mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“l(fā)ikeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatteredactivity.”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“However,achild...untilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.”然而，一個(gè)出生在一個(gè)有語言模式的社會(huì)的孩子被鼓勵(lì)對聲音做一個(gè)小小的選擇，并不斷地發(fā)出這幾個(gè)聲音，直到他自然地發(fā)出這些聲音，而不是其他聲音。注意關(guān)鍵詞“natural”自然的，也就是本能地發(fā)出這種聲音，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.”孩子能發(fā)出的聲音比任何一種語言所使用的聲音都要豐富多樣。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.單選題

ThetryptophanintheThanksgivingturkeyhad______effect,inducingsleepinthosewhoconsumedit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aninvigorating

B.depreciatory

C.hypnotic

D.lethal

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)aninvigorating“使精力充沛的”；B選項(xiàng)depreciatory“貶值的”；C選項(xiàng)hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D選項(xiàng)lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩節(jié)火雞中的色氨酸有______的作用，能讓吃火雞的人入睡。色氨酸可以讓人們?nèi)胨?，可見有讓人產(chǎn)生困意的作用，C選項(xiàng)hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Schoolstartedona_____colddayinFebruary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.severe

B.bitter

C.such

D.frozen

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。severe嚴(yán)峻的，劇烈的，苛刻的；bitter痛苦的，尖刻的；such這樣的，如此的；frozen凍結(jié)的；冷酷的。bitter修飾cold，為常用搭配，表示“嚴(yán)寒的”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

BrazilianmusicisthoroughlyimbuedwithAfricanthemes,and（）composershavelongfoundinspirationintheblackmusicalheritage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.sensitive

C.distinguished

D.persistent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)imaginative“富于想象的，有創(chuàng)造力的”；B選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的”；C選項(xiàng)distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D選項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，持續(xù)的”。句意“巴西音樂完全融入了非洲的主題，富有想象力的作曲家早就從黑人音樂傳統(tǒng)中找到了靈感”。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

5.翻譯題

感恩是一項(xiàng)重要的處事哲學(xué)，是生活的大智慧。人生在世，不可能事事順通。對于各種失敗和不幸，我們要豁達(dá)大度，勇敢面對，并想辦法解決。面對困難，我們是懊惱抱怨，沮喪氣餒，陷入絕望，還是對生活滿懷感恩之心，跌倒后再爬起來呢？如果對生活感恩，你的生命將充滿燦爛的陽光；如果一味怨恨，終將一無所獲。

【答案】Itisanimportantphilosophyoflifeandagreatwisdomtobegrateful.Noonecanalwaysbeluckyandsuccessfulinhislife.Facedwithallkindsoffailureandmisfortune,weshouldbegenerousandbrave,andtrytosolvetheseproblems.Whenwearetrappedindifficulty,shouldwecomplainaboutitandbecomefrustratedorshouldwebegratefulforourlifeandstartagainafterfallingdown?Ifyouaregratefulforlife,yourlifewillbefullofbrightsunshine.Onthecontrary,ifyoualwayscomplainaboutlife,you’llgainnothingfinally.

6.單選題

Think,inthesecondplace,（

）menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofthedutywhich

B.thedutyofwhich

C.thedutyinwhich

D.ofthedutyofwhichthe

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。Think作及物動(dòng)詞用，后面接名詞時(shí)，一般要加賓補(bǔ)，B和C選項(xiàng)不符合。因此可知此句是thinkof短語中間加入插入語的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面men因?yàn)槭欠褐福恍枰ü谠~the。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Wheninhisrebelliousyears,thatiswhenhewassixteenoreighteen,FrankAnderson（

）goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tookto

B.tookon

C.tookup

D.tookin

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)taketo“（尤指短時(shí)間接觸后）喜歡上，喜愛，養(yǎng)成（做……）的習(xí)慣”；B選項(xiàng)takeon“承擔(dān)，接受，呈現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)takeup“占用，開始從事”；D選項(xiàng)takein“接受，吸收，收留，欺騙”。此句是描寫FrankAnderson叛逆期的行為習(xí)慣，因此選A。句意：在他叛逆的歲月里，也就是他十六或十八歲的時(shí)候，弗蘭克?安德森喜歡和一群奇怪的人在一起，而且在外面待得很晚。

8.單選題

Thekeytosuccessisrememberingthateveryhurdlecrossedisonelesshurdleinthe（

）ofyourpersonalambition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursuit

B.proportion

C.promotion

D.propulsion

【答案】A

【解析】pursuit追求;proportion比例;promotion促進(jìn),推銷;propulsion推進(jìn),推進(jìn)力。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)中能和目標(biāo)搭配的只有選項(xiàng)A。

9.單選題

Marywassuretowintheprize.Herbeautyandintelligencemadeher（

）fromthecandidates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.showoff

B.standout

C.appearup

D.distinguishout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。showoff“炫耀”；standout“突出，脫穎而出”；appearup“出現(xiàn)”；distinguishout“分辨出”。句意：Mary肯定能獲獎(jiǎng)。她的美麗和聰明將讓她從候選者中脫穎而出。由前半句以及Herbeautyandintelligence可知她的外貌和才智將使她從候選者中脫穎而出。答案B

10.單選題

AssoonasHenryfoundthegemtobe（）,hewentbacktotheshopandhadhismoneyback.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.synthetic

C.identical

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】scattered分散的,散亂的；synthetic人造的,合成的；identical同一的；conspicuous顯著的。句意：Henry一發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)鉆石是人造的,他立馬返回商店退款。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Whatthecorrespondentsentusisan（

）newsreport.Wecandependonit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evident

B.authentic

C.ultimate

D.immediate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。evident明顯的；authentic真實(shí)的，可靠的；ultimate最終的，最后的；immediate即刻的。句意：那位記者發(fā)給我們的是一份內(nèi)容真實(shí)的新聞報(bào)道。我們可以相信它。由dependon可推知該信息報(bào)道是真實(shí)的，答案B。

12.填空題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions（1）areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources（2）fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan（3）expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin（4）value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed（5）irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete（6）salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns（7）towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink（8）anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly（9）theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit（10）.

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)成千上萬的人由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭而餓肚子時(shí)，還有成千上萬的人超重。前后進(jìn)行對比，說明超重的人更多，所以more符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵悍逝质且粋€(gè)世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象，它對大人孩子都有影響，它迫使除了最貧窮的國家外的所有國家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預(yù)防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。

3.考查動(dòng)詞的用法。空格處所在句子的句意是：超重源于攝入的食物能量超過了被消耗的能量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，為了避免重復(fù)，than后面省略了energythat，完整的句子應(yīng)該是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儼丫哂邢M(fèi)水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓徺I食物的消費(fèi)者，這些食物通常能量很高，營養(yǎng)價(jià)值很低。nutritional符合題意。

5.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的句意是：此外，食物被過量生產(chǎn)，尤其是發(fā)達(dá)國家擁有的食物遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity，因此another符合題意。

6.考查動(dòng)詞短語?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鉃椋哼^量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進(jìn)行競爭。competefor“為……而競爭”。

7.考查后置定語?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊鞔蠊緸榱烁偁帲捎玫氖侄斡校簭V告，健康宣言，推出新產(chǎn)品，加量包裝，還有直接針對孩子的活動(dòng)。空格處所在的單詞顯然是用來修飾campaigns這個(gè)單詞的，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)過去分詞來作后置定語，directtoward表示針對……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵恨r(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會(huì)獲益。所以此處是一個(gè)否定的意思，not符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞的用法。空格處所在句子的句意是：人們吃得多時(shí)，所有行業(yè)都會(huì)發(fā)展繁榮，所有行業(yè)都花錢請游說者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過度飲食（overeat）。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

13.單選題

InNovember1987thegovernment（

）apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.designated

C.induced

D.promoted

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)initiate“開始、發(fā)起”；B選項(xiàng)designate“指定、指派”；C選項(xiàng)induce“引誘、說服”；D選項(xiàng)promote“促進(jìn)、提高”。由關(guān)鍵詞“government”和“publicdebate公開辯論”，判斷可知空格部分單詞意思為“發(fā)起”，句意為：1987年11月，政府就官方體育方針政策的未來走向發(fā)起了一場公開辯論。故正確答案選A。

14.單選題

Themoonisnotaplanet（）theplanetsinmanyrespects.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resembling

B.whichresembles

C.butresemblanceto

D.althoughitresembles

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞not和inmanyrespect可知此句句意為：盡管月球在許多方面與行星相似，但它不是行星。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意和語法。

15.單選題

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presentation“展示，陳述”；preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；preference“偏愛，傾向，優(yōu)先權(quán)”；potential“潛能，可能性”。

句意：我覺得他的話題從他對問題吸引人的陳述方式中獲益很多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。answerfor“對……負(fù)責(zé)”；stepinto“進(jìn)入”;abideby“遵守”；runinto“遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他沒有履行合同的一些條款”，因此他需要對此負(fù)責(zé)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearbaiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentspoilsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmayweltask.Theanswerissimple:theyarcuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thetawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis（）.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis（）.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notveryhigh

B.high.

C.contemptuous.

D.critical.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.

D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople.

B.togiveanexample.

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Three.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Seven.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.

B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.

C.thatwemustlakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.

D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段指出：現(xiàn)在的我們和羅馬人的區(qū)別在于，羅馬人誠實(shí)的承認(rèn)他們暴力且嗜血，而我們則使用各種理由來掩蓋自己和羅馬人一樣的本性。第二段作者以暴力的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)為例進(jìn)行闡述，但在第三段指出，人們努力進(jìn)行改善，比如社會(huì)福利和法律，盡管沒有成功但有所改觀。作者一直站在客觀的角度闡述事實(shí)，并沒有體現(xiàn)出輕蔑和批判的語氣，并且對人們還抱有期望，所以作者只是對現(xiàn)在的人們評價(jià)不高，選項(xiàng)A更加恰當(dāng)。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知，作者是不希望看到暴力危險(xiǎn)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的，所以作者希望法律能夠禁止暴力危險(xiǎn)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第一段中所提及的“Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.人類仍然和以前一樣嗜血?！弊髡咧蕴岬搅_馬人，不僅僅是以此來舉例或者是和現(xiàn)在的人進(jìn)行比較，作者真正的目的在于強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的人們和以前的羅馬人一樣嗜血。所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文提到的危險(xiǎn)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)有：boxing(拳擊);bearbaiting(逗熊游戲);hunting(打獵);bull-fighting(斗牛);carscrashing(賽車)。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句話“Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.如果我們禁止危險(xiǎn)和暴力的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們就向改善人類又邁進(jìn)了一步。我們將認(rèn)識(shí)到暴力是人類的墮落和不值得。”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為通過禁止暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)，人們能夠改善自我。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

18.單選題

W:That’stheworstpaintingIhaveeverseen.

M:Comeon.It’snotthatbad.

Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisencouragingthewoman.

B.Heisrejectingthewoman'sidea.

C.Heismakingacomment.

D.Heiscomfortingthewoman.

【答案】C

【解析】女士說那幅畫是她見過最糟糕的，但男士認(rèn)為那幅畫也沒有那么糟糕，由此可知男士是在發(fā)表自己的看法。C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Itisa(n)（

）thattheFrencheatsomuchrichfoodandyethavearelativelylowrateofheartdisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.analogy

B.paradox

C.correlation

D.illusion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。analogy“類比”；paradox“悖論，反論”；correlation“相關(guān)，關(guān)聯(lián)”；illusion“幻覺，錯(cuò)覺”。句意：法國人吃很多油膩的東西，但心臟病的發(fā)病率卻比較低，這是一種很矛盾的現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)前后句句意及yet表轉(zhuǎn)折可知，B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B。

20.單選題

Iwishtochangemymajorinpostgraduatestudy,becauseIknowthecompetitioninthecomputerdepartmentofTsinghuais（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fragrant

B.formidable

C.fierce

D.flexible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。fragrant“芳香的，愉悅的”；formidable“強(qiáng)大的，可怕的”；fierce“兇猛的”；flexible“靈活的”。句意：我希望在研究生學(xué)習(xí)期間換個(gè)專業(yè)，因?yàn)槲抑狼迦A大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院的競爭太激烈。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

21.單選題

Totesthistheory,thechemist____anexperiment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setout

B.setforth

C.setin

D.setup

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.setout啟程；開始努力B.setforth陳述

C.setin（不好的事物）來了D.setup設(shè)置；建立

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與動(dòng)賓搭配

【解題思路】前文提到“為了驗(yàn)證他的理論”，空格處所在部分內(nèi)容為“這個(gè)化學(xué)家____一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，空格處所填動(dòng)詞短語搭配的賓語為“一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，根據(jù)常理推斷，該句表達(dá)的是化學(xué)家為了驗(yàn)證一個(gè)理論而進(jìn)行某個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，D選項(xiàng)setup“設(shè)置；建立”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句動(dòng)賓搭配與語義銜接。

【句意】為了驗(yàn)證他的理論，這位化學(xué)家做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

22.單選題

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。geton“上車；進(jìn)展”；getthrough“通過；度過”；getover“克服；恢復(fù)”；getby“獲得認(rèn)可”。句意：如果一杯咖啡都不喝的話，大多數(shù)人都不能度過一天。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.About10,000,000.

B.About1,000,000.

C.About100,000.

D.About10,000.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Acocktailofvitamins.

B.Acocktailofvitaminsplusmagnesium.

C.ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandE.

D.E.D.

E.D.Thecombinationofminerals23.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thedelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.

B.Theinnerearcells.

C.Theeardrums.

D.Theinnerearossicles.24.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.GeneralMotors(通用汽車公司).

B.TheUnitedAutoWorkers(汽車工會(huì)).

C.NIH.

D.Allofabove25.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AnindustrialtrialinSpain.

B.Militarytrials(軍事審判)inSpainandSweden.

C.IndustrialtrialsinSpainandSweden.

D.AtrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFlorida.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】(21)About10millionpeopleintheU.S.alone,fromtroopsreturningfromwartostudentswithmusicblastingthroughheadphonesaresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss.TheriseintrendissomethingthatresearchersandphysiciansattheUniversityofMichiganCresgoHearingResearchInstitutearehopingtoreverse,withthecocktailofvitaminsandthemineralmagnesium(鎂)thatshallpromiseasapossiblewaytopreventhearinglosscausedbyloudnoise.Thenutrientsweresuccessfulinlaboratorytests.Andnowresearchersaretestingwhetherhumanswillbenefitaswell.(22)ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesiumisgivenonpillformtopatientswhoareparticipatingintheresearch.DevelopedattheUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitute,themedication,calledOralQuell,isdesignedtobetakenbeforeapersonisexposedtotheloudnoise.Untiladecadeago,itwasthoughtthatnoisedamagedhearingbyintensemechanicalvibrationsthatdestroyeddelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.Therewasnointerventiontoprotecttheinnerearotherthanreducingtheintensityofsoundreachingit,suchasearplugswhicharenotalwayseffective.(23)Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells.Andthatallowsthediscoveryofinterventiontopreventtheseeffects.(24)Thelaboratoryresearchthatledtoanewunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingnoise-inducedhearinglosswasfundedbyNIH,thePreclinicalTranslationResearchthatledtotheformulationofOralQuellaseffectivepreventativewasfundedbyGeneralMotorsandtheUnitedAutoWorkers.NowOralQuellisbeingtestedinasetoffourmultinationalhumanclinicaltrials:(25)militarytrialsinSwedenandSpain,andindustrialtrialsinSpainandthetrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFloridawholistentomusicathighvolumesontheiriPodsandotherPDAs.

21.Accordingtothetalk,howmanyvictimsofhearingproblemarethereintheUnitedStatesalone?

【解析】原文一開頭便提到：About10millionpeopleintheU.S.Alone…aresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss，即聽力受損的大約有1000萬人。

22.WhichdidUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitutedeveloptopreventhearingloss?

【解析】原文中說該研究采用的是“combinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesium”，選項(xiàng)B“維生素和鎂的混合藥”正確。

23.Accordingtothelatestfindings,whatdoesloudnoisedamage?

【解析】文中提到“Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells”，即噪音產(chǎn)生的原子能損害內(nèi)耳的細(xì)胞。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whosupportedthelabresearch?

【解析】題目問這一研究由誰支持，文中提到了NIH國家衛(wèi)生研究所。

25.WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedasthemultinationalhumanclinicaltrialsforOralQuell?

【解析】題目問哪一個(gè)不屬于多國人類臨床試驗(yàn)，只有C選項(xiàng)與原文不一致。

24.單選題

Amongallthechangesresultingfromthe______entryofwomenintotheworkforce,thetransformationthathasoccurredinthewomenthemselvesisnottheleastimportant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.massive

B.quantitative

C.surplus

D.formidable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)massive“大量的”，B項(xiàng)quantitative“定量的，數(shù)量的”，C項(xiàng)surplus“剩余的”，D項(xiàng)formidable“可怕的，令人敬畏的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾women，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞workforce“勞動(dòng)力”可知，空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：在婦女大量進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)大軍所引起的所有變化中，婦女本身發(fā)生的轉(zhuǎn)變并非最不重要。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

TheexistingchildprotectionlawsinChinadoallowforabusiveparents（）oftheircustodyrights,buttheydonotincludedetailsonimplementation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprive

B.tobedeprived

C.todeprive

D.beingdeprived

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，Theexistingchildprotectionlaws為句子的主語，allowfor作謂語，所以空格的部分應(yīng)該要填入非謂語動(dòng)詞，用來修飾前句的名詞laws，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞deprive與其邏輯主語laws之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)A和C可排除。又根據(jù)空格中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，所以選用動(dòng)詞不定式表將來。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

26.單選題

MillionsofAmericanstakelargeamountsofvitaminCpillseverydaybecausetheybelievethevitaminwillhelpthemstayhealthy.However,anewstudysaysvitaminCmayhelpproducesubstancesthatcandamageDNA.ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaexperimentedwithvitaminCintesttubes.TheystudiedtheeffectsofvitaminConasubstanceproducedinthebodyfromfat.Thatsubstanceiscalledhydro-peroxide（過氧化氫物）,whichcanbechangedinacellintosubstancesthatcandamageDNA.ThescientistsfoundthatvitaminCeasilychangedthehydro-peroxideintothegene-damagingpoisons.Suchdamageisthefirststeptowarddevelopingcancer.

However,thescientistssaythestudydoesnotmeanthatvitaminCcausescancer.Theysayitiswell-knownthatvitaminCisimportantforhumanhealth,butpeoplecangetenoughvitaminCinthefoodstheyeat.Earlierstudieshaveshownthateatingalotoffruits,vegetablesandgrainscanreducethechanceofdevelopingbothheartdiseaseandcancer.

OtherresearchersagreethatthelateststudyisimportantinunderstandingthechemistryofvitaminC.Buttheysaythestudydidnotinvolvepeople.ThevitaminCwastestedinthelaboratoryonly.Theythinktheresultsmightbedifferentinlivingcells.

MarkLevineisavitaminCexpertwhoquestionswhetherasimilarstudyinpeoplewouldproducethesameresults.HealsosayspeopleshouldgettheirvitaminCinfoodinsteadoftakinghugeamountsinpillstostayhealthy,andresearchdoesnotsupporttakingalotofvitaminC.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmentsayspeopleshouldgetabouteightymilligramsofvitaminCeachdayinthefoodstheyeat.StudieshaveshownthatthebodycannotusemorethantwohundredmilligramsofvitaminCeachday.MedicalresearcherssaythattakingvitaminCpillscannotreplacethevalueofeatinghealthyfoods.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.WhichoneisNottrueabouttheeffectofVCaccordingtothepassage?

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplywhenhementions“l(fā)ivingcells”inParagraph3?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthescientists’research?

5.TakingalotofVC（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TakingalargeamountofVCwilldogoodtohealth.

B.TakingtoomuchVCpillseverydayisnotgoodforhealth.

C.PeopleshouldtakeasmuchVCaspossible.

D.ItisnotnecessaryatalltotakeVCpills.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisimportantforhumanhealth

B.ItmayhelpproducesubstancesthatcandamageDNA

C.Itcausescancer

D.VCinfoodscanreducethechanceofdevelopingheartdiseaseandcancer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theresearchhasinvolvedlivingcreatures.

B.Theresultsfromthelabtestmightnotalwaysbereliable.

C.Ifitistestedinlivingbodytheresultswillbethesame.

D.ThechemistryofVCisliving.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThescientistsexperimentedwithVCintesttubes.

B.Theresearchdidn’tinvolvepeople.

C.VCwastestedinthelabonly.

D.MarkLevinedidtheexperimentinvolvingpeople.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.issupportedbyVCexpert

B.isencouragedbytheU.S.government

C.isagreedbymedicalresearchers

D.isdisapprovedbymanyscientists

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，美國人每天服用大量的維生素C藥片，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明維生素C會(huì)產(chǎn)生破壞DNA的物質(zhì)。由此可知，不能大量的攝入維生素C，所以選項(xiàng)A和C錯(cuò)誤；再根據(jù)第二段第二句“itiswell-knownthatvitaminCisimportantforhumanhealth.”眾所周知，維生素C對人體健康很重要，所以不攝入維生素C也是不行的，選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤；只有選項(xiàng)B正確。所以本題選B。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“thescientistssaythestudydoesnotmeanthatvitaminCcausescancer.”科學(xué)家說，這項(xiàng)研究并不意味著維生素C會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥。所以選項(xiàng)C不屬于維生素C的效果。根據(jù)上一題可知選項(xiàng)A和B均正確；根據(jù)第二段最后一句“eatingalotoffruits,vegetablesandgrainscanreducethechanceofdevelopingbothheartdiseaseandcancer.”可知選項(xiàng)D也表述正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ivingcells”定位到第三段最后一句，結(jié)合上下文的句意：“但是他們（研究人員）說這項(xiàng)研究并沒有涉及人。維生素A只是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里進(jìn)行測試，如果在活細(xì)胞中實(shí)驗(yàn)的話結(jié)果可能會(huì)不同?！庇纱丝赏茢?，作者是想暗示實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果并不總是可靠的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A和C均不符合原文；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaexperimentedwithvitaminCintesttubes.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“ThevitaminCwastestedinthelaboratoryonly.Theythinktheresultsmightbedifferentinlivingcells.”可知選項(xiàng)B和C均正確；根據(jù)第四段第一句“MarkLevineisavitaminCexpertwhoquestionswhetherasimilarstudyinpeoplewouldproducethesameresults.”MarkLevine是質(zhì)疑在人體上進(jìn)行類似的研究是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生相同的結(jié)果，而不是做了涉及人體的實(shí)驗(yàn)，所以只有選項(xiàng)D不正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“re