考研考博-英語-天津?yàn)I海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津?yàn)I海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Duringthemid-1840s,from1845-1848,thepotatocropinIrelandfailed,creatingafaminethatravagedthepopulation.Thisevent,theGreatFamine,wasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinthe8000-yearhistoryofthisislandnation,andtheeffectsofitcontinuetohaunttheIrish,boththosewhostillliveinIrelandandthosewholiveintheUnitedStates.ThemostimmediateeffectofthefaminewasthedramaticdeclineintheIrishpopulation—eitherthroughdeathfromstarvationanddiseaseorthroughemigrationtoothercountries.

InIreland,thepotatohadhistoricallybeenthemainstayofthedietofalargeproportionoftheruralpopulation.Highlynutritional,thepotatowaseasytoplantandeasytoharvest.Ifafamilyofsixhadoneacreofland,itcouldgrowapotatocropthatwouldfeedthemforalmostayear.However,dependenceononecrophaditsdownsideaswell.Potatoescouldnotbestoredforlong,andfarmerswhohadgrownsoaccustomedtodealingwiththisonecropneglectedtoplantothercropsasahedgeagainstpossiblefailures.

RapidpopulationincreasesintheyearsprecedingtheGreatFaminehadcreatedacountrywhoseexpandingpopulationwasoftenpoverty-stricken.Expandingpopulation,coupledwithlandowners’lackofresponsibilitytowardtenant-farmers,ledtoasystemwheretenant-farmersfrequentlysubdividedtheirlandsothattheycouldgainabitofrentthemselves.Consequently,theruralareasweredottedwithsmallplotsofland,mostofwhichwereusedforpotatofarming.Priortothefamine,urbanareasinIrelandwerealsoexperiencingeconomicdistressbecauseofadeclineinIrishindustrythatresultedinunemploymentandpovertyincitiessuchasDublin.

In1845,theyearthefaminebegan,agoodpotatocropwasexpected,soitcameasagreatsurprisewhennearlyhalfofthecropofthecountryfailedbecauseofablightthathadcomefromNorthAmerica.Thisparticularblightwasunusualinasmuchaswhenthepotatowasdugfromtheground,itappearedtobehealthy;itwasonlyafteradayortwothatthepotatobegantorot.

Despitethefactthatonlyhalfthecropfailedin1845,starvationanddiseaseplaguedtheentirecountrybecausemanystarvingpeople,someofwhomwereinfectedwithcontagiousdiseases,roamedthecountrysidelookingforfoodandspreadingdisease.Then,in1846,thecropfailedcompletely.In1847,therewasanotherpartialfailure,butbecausepeoplehadeatentheirseedpotatoesin1846,thecropwasmuchsmallerin1847.Thenagainin1848,thecropfailedcompletely.

Asifthecropfailureswerenotenough,otherfactorsaffectedtheseriousnessofthesituation.Variouscontagiousdiseasessuchastyphus,dysentery,andseveraldifferenttypesoffeverspreadrapidly.Landlordsevictedtenant-farmers,andthegovernmentdidverylittletoproviderelief.Nordidithelpthatthewinterof1846-1847wasoneofthecoldestonrecord.

Whenthefaminewasoverin1849,acholeraepidemicstruckIreland,sothatby1850thecountryfounditspopulationreducedfrom8.5millionto6.5million.Onemillionpeoplehaddiedfromdiseaseandstarvation,andonemillionhadleftIrelandforBritain,Europe,orNorthAmerica.

TheresultsoftheGreatFaminewereprofound.FarminginIrelandchangedfromaone-cropeconomytoanagriculturaleconomythatincludedlivestockandothercrops,suchasgrains.TheseedsofanimositytowardGreatBritain,whichhadnothelpedtheIrishintheirtimeofneed,weresown.Andapatternofemigrationwasestablishedthatlastsuntiltoday.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.

4DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwasfilledwithnutrients

B.itwaseasytoplant

C.itwaseasytoharvest

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dependenceononecropwassensible

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIreland

C.theIrishwereahappypeople

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerous

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.declininginpopulation

B.harsh

C.decreasingintenant-farmers

D.expandinginfarmsize

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepotatowasdiseased

B.immigrantsbroughtdisease

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplace

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitary

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.emigratedtonewlands

B.begantoraisedlivestock

C.becameangeredattheBritish

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，除了______，土豆成為愛爾蘭人的主食有以下所有原因。

A.itwasfilledwithnutrientsA.它富含營養(yǎng)

B.itwaseasytoplantB.它很容易種植

C.itwaseasytoharvestC.它很容易獲得收成

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoesD.土壤適合種土豆

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段前兩句“在愛爾蘭，土豆一直是大部分農(nóng)村人口的主要食物。馬鈴薯營養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植和收獲?！笨芍?，土豆成為愛爾蘭人的主食的原因包括營養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植以及容易獲得收成，只有D項(xiàng)“土壤適合種土豆”沒有提到，符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“它富含營養(yǎng)”、B項(xiàng)“它很容易種植”和C項(xiàng)“它很容易獲得收成”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.2.這篇文章表明______。

A.dependenceononecropwassensibleA.依賴一種作物是明智的

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIrelandB.土豆并不是愛爾蘭唯一的作物

C.theIrishwereahappypeopleC.愛爾蘭人是快樂的民族

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerousD.依賴一種作物是危險的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹的是愛爾蘭大饑荒的原因和后果，第二段第一句提到“在愛爾蘭，土豆一直是大部分農(nóng)村人口的主要食物”，也就是說愛爾蘭基本是依靠土豆這種作物生存的；然后在第三段和第四段描述了愛爾蘭1845-1848年期間的饑荒，第四段最后一句描述到“這種特殊的枯萎病很不尋常，因?yàn)楫?dāng)土豆從地里挖出來的時候，它看起來是健康的；過了一兩天，土豆就開始腐爛了”可知，正是因?yàn)閻蹱柼m依賴于土豆一種作物，所以當(dāng)病菌襲來的時候，他們賴以生存的作物就遭殃了，從而導(dǎo)致大饑荒；綜合理解我們可以推斷，依賴一種作物是危險的事情。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“依賴一種作物是明智的”由解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“土豆并不是愛爾蘭唯一的作物”由解題思路可知，愛爾蘭依賴的是土豆一種作物，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“愛爾蘭人是快樂的民族”在原文沒有依據(jù)能夠體現(xiàn)該項(xiàng)，屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.3.根據(jù)文章，大饑荒前幾年的農(nóng)村生活可以用______來描述。

A.declininginpopulationA.人口下降

B.harshB.殘酷的

C.decreasingintenant-farmersC.減少佃農(nóng)

D.expandinginfarmsizeD.擴(kuò)大農(nóng)場規(guī)模

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息intheyearsbeforetheGreatFamine可以定位至第三段，該段描述到“在大饑荒發(fā)生前的幾年里，人口的快速增長使這個國家的人口增長往往是受貧困困擾的。不斷擴(kuò)大的人口，加上土地所有者對佃農(nóng)缺乏責(zé)任感，導(dǎo)致了佃農(nóng)經(jīng)常將土地細(xì)分，這樣他們自己就能獲得一點(diǎn)租金。因此，農(nóng)村地區(qū)散布著小塊土地，其中大部分用于種植土豆。”，從中可知，大饑荒前幾年，愛爾蘭農(nóng)村是非常貧困的，快速增長的人口以及土地所有者的不負(fù)責(zé)，佃農(nóng)經(jīng)常會把土地細(xì)分，綜合理解可以推斷出，大饑荒前幾年的農(nóng)村生活是非常殘酷的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“殘酷的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“人口下降”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“減少佃農(nóng)”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大農(nóng)場規(guī)?！睆慕忸}思路可知，農(nóng)場規(guī)模并沒有擴(kuò)大，而是被細(xì)分成了很多塊，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.4.饑荒期間，疾病折磨著愛爾蘭人，因?yàn)開_____。

A.thepotatowasdiseasedA.土豆感染病菌了

B.immigrantsbroughtdiseaseB.移民帶來了疾病

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplaceC.饑餓的愛爾蘭人把疾病從一個地方帶到另一個地方

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitaryD.生活條件不衛(wèi)生

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第一句“1845年，雖然只有一半的農(nóng)作物歉收，但饑餓和疾病仍然困擾著整個國家，因?yàn)樵S多挨餓的人，其中一些人感染了傳染病，在農(nóng)村四處尋找食物，傳播疾病”可知，饑荒期間，疾病折磨著愛爾蘭人是因?yàn)轲囸I的愛爾蘭人把疾病從一個地方帶到另一個地方。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)“饑餓的愛爾蘭人把疾病從一個地方帶到另一個地方”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“土豆感染病菌了”，原文并沒有提到土豆感染的枯萎病能夠傳染人類，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“移民帶來了疾病”由解題思路可知，愛爾蘭人受到疾病困擾是因?yàn)閻蹱柼m農(nóng)村的人們四處尋找，并不是移民導(dǎo)致的，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“生活條件不衛(wèi)生”沒有提及，無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.5.以下所有的都是饑荒的結(jié)果，除了愛爾蘭人______。

A.emigratedtonewlandsA.移民到新的土地

B.begantoraisedlivestockB.開始飼養(yǎng)牲畜

C.becameangeredattheBritishC.對英國人感到憤怒

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritainD.脫離英國獨(dú)立

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干可以定位至最后一段，該段講到“愛爾蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)從單一作物經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榘ㄉ蠛推渌魑铮ㄈ绻任铮┰趦?nèi)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。在愛爾蘭人需要幫助的時候，英國沒有幫助他們，于是他們對英國的敵意就埋下了種子。移民的模式一直持續(xù)到今天。”，從中可知，愛爾蘭饑荒導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變，移民以及對英國埋下了敵意的種子。只有D項(xiàng)“脫離英國獨(dú)立”是沒有提到的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“移民到新的土地”、B項(xiàng)“開始飼養(yǎng)牲畜”和C項(xiàng)“對英國人感到憤怒”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都是饑荒的結(jié)果，屬于反向干擾。

2.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldn't（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revise

B.resume

C.reconcile

D.repel

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。revise“更正，修改”；resume“（中斷后）重新開始”；reconcile“使和解，調(diào)解”；repel“擊退”。句意：那對夫婦不能和解分歧，所以決定離婚。C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C

3.單選題

Nowadaysitismandatorytohaveatleastarudimentaryknowledgeofthenewcellchemistrytobeabletounderstandpracticalmedicaladvancesinfieldsofvirology,cancer,andhereditarydiseases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profound

B.essential

C.multiple

D.elementary

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.profound知識淵博的，理解深刻的B.essential必不可少的，極其重要的

C.multiple數(shù)量多的，多種多樣的D.elementary初級的，基礎(chǔ)的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】rudimentary的意思為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的”，修飾knowledge，指的是要知道新細(xì)胞化學(xué)的基本知識，elementary與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】如今，要想了解病毒學(xué)、癌癥和遺傳疾病等領(lǐng)域的實(shí)際醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展，至少必須掌握新細(xì)胞化學(xué)的基本知識。

4.單選題

Theyartificially（）thevalueofthehousesotheycould“reduce”itandmakepeoplethinkitwasabargain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enlarged

B.underestimated

C.raised

D.inflated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。enlarge“擴(kuò)大，增大”；underestimate“低估，看清”；raise“舉起，提高”；inflate“膨脹，充氣”。句意：他們?nèi)藶榈靥Ц叻孔拥膬r格，再“低價”出售，讓人們以為這是大減價。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.填空題

ThoseAsianAmericanswhosefamilieshavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesforseveralgenerationsresenttobesingledoutandstereotypedaspartofasupermajority.Theyfeelthattheirachievementsareonlycomparabletowhatother

A

B

C

D

immigrantgroupshavedoneinthepast.

【答案】Btobesingledout改為beingsingledout

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)短語resentdoingsth.確定此處應(yīng)為beingsingledout。

【句意】那些已經(jīng)在美國生活了好幾代的亞裔美國人憤恨被孤立出來，并被定義為絕大多數(shù)的一部分。他們覺得自己的成就只能與其他移民群體過去的成就相媲美。

6.單選題

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)experiment“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)expertise“要求”；C選項(xiàng)witness“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項(xiàng)cleverness“詢問”。句意：人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實(shí)用的智慧，而不是小聰明。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

7.單選題

Onnoaccount______toanyonewhoworksinthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mynamemustbementioned

B.mynamemustmention

C.mustmynamebementioned

D.mustmynamemention

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：無論如何不能向在公司工作的任何人提及我的名字。根據(jù)否定詞謂語句首，確定用部分倒裝，語序是否定詞+be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+主語+剩余部分；根據(jù)myname和mention是被動關(guān)系，確定用被動語態(tài)。C選項(xiàng)mustmynamebementioned符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Inspiteofyourlivingsofarawaywebothhopeverymuch（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourcoming

B.youtocome

C.thatyoucame

D.thatyoucome

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。hope后面一般不接賓語sb.，而是直接接todosth.或that從句，由此可首先排除選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B；再根據(jù)句意“盡管你住得很遠(yuǎn)，但我們都希望你能來”。這里使用一般現(xiàn)在時即可，不用過去時，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)revenge“報復(fù)；替……報仇”；B選項(xiàng)reserve“儲備；自然保護(hù)區(qū)；預(yù)備隊(duì)；儲備金”；C選項(xiàng)reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D選項(xiàng)remedial“治療的；補(bǔ)救的；矯正的”。句意：據(jù)說他是被敵對幫派射殺，為上周的槍擊案復(fù)仇。由關(guān)鍵詞“shooting槍擊”可推知“報復(fù)”符合語境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

___amountsofnoxiouswastesaredumpedintotheSonghuajiangRiver.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Appreciated

B.Appreciable

C.Appreciative

D.Appreciating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近字辨析。A選項(xiàng)Appreciated“欣賞（appreciate的ed形式）；感激；使增值；鑒別”；B選項(xiàng)Appreciable“可感知的；可評估的；相當(dāng)可觀的”；C選項(xiàng)Appreciative“感激的；賞識的；有欣賞力的；承認(rèn)有價值的”；D選項(xiàng)Appreciating“欣賞（appreciate的ing形式）；感激；使增值；鑒別”。句意：___數(shù)量的有毒廢物傾倒進(jìn)松花江?？崭裉幮揎梐mounts這一名詞，需要填入形容詞，排除A、D選項(xiàng)。本句表達(dá)“相當(dāng)可觀的數(shù)量的……”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

1.HalfwaythroughthesemesterinhismarketresearchcourseatRoanokeCollegelastfall,onlymomentsafterannouncingapolicyofzerotoleranceforcellphoneuseintheclassroom,Prof.AliNazemiheardaring.ThenhespottedayoungmannamedNeilNolandfumblingwithhisphone,tryingtoturnitoffbeforebeingcaught.

“Neil,canIseethatphone?”ProfessorNazemisaid,moreinacommandthanaquestion.Thestudentsurrenderedit.ProfessorNazemiopenedhisbriefcase,producedahammerandproceededtosmashtheoffendingdevice.Throughouttheclassroom,studentfaceswentashen.

“HowamIgoingtocallmyMomnow?”Neilasked.AsProfessorNazemirefusedtoanswer,aclassmateoffered,“Dude,youcansue.”

2.Onethingweshouldbeclearaboutwastheepisodeinhisclassroomhadbeenplottedandscriptedaheadoftime,withNeilNolandpartoftheplotallalong.Thephonewasanextraofhismother’s,itsservicecontractlongexpired.

ProfessorNazemi,inatelephoneinterviewlastweek,attestedtotheexasperationofcountlessteachersandprofessorsinthecomputerera.Theirpermanentwarofattritionwithdefiantlyinattentivestudentshasescalatedfromthepursuitofpigtail-pulling,spitball-lobbingandnotebook-doodlingtoahigh-techarsenaloflaptops,cellphonesBlackberriesandthelike.

Thepoorschoolteacherormasterormasternowmustcompetewithtexting,instant-messaging,Facebook,eBay,YouTube,Addictinggames.Cornandotherpoxes(瘟疫，災(zāi)難)onpedagogy.

“Therearecertainlinesyoushouldn’tcross,”theprofessorsaid.Ifyoustarttoleratingthisstuff,itbecomesthenorm.“Themoreyougive,themoretheytake.Multitaskingisgood,butIwantthemtodomoretaskinginmyclass.”

3.Alltheadvancesschoolsandcollegeshavemadetosupposedlyenhancelearning—supplyingstudentswithlaptops,equippingcomputerlabs,creatingwirelessnetworks—haveinsteadenableddistraction.Perhapsattendancerecordsshouldincludeanewcategory:presentbutotherwiseengaged.

4.“Iamsotiredofthatexcuse,”saidProfessorBugeja,mayhelivealongandfruitfullife.Theideathatsubjectmatterisboringistrulyrelative.Boringasopposedtowhat?BuyingshoesoneBay?Thefactis,we’renotheretoentertain.Weareheretostimulatethelifeofthemind.”

“Educationrequirescontemplation,”hecontinued.“Itrequirescriticalthinking.Whatwemaybedoingnowistrainingagenerationofair-trafficcontrollersratherthanscholars.AndIdoknowI,mgoingtolose.”

Not,onecanonlyhope,withoutfight.

Intheend,asscience-fictionwritershaveprophesiedforyears,thetechnologyisboundtooutwitthefalliblehuman.Whatteacherorprofessorcanpossiblypolicearoomfullofdeterminedgoof-offs(游手好閑者)whilealsodeliveringanengaginglesson?

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）去年秋季，羅諾克學(xué)院的市場調(diào)研課業(yè)已過半。一天，阿里?納齊米教授宣布課堂上對手機(jī)實(shí)行零容忍的政策。話音剛落，他就聽到了手機(jī)的鈴聲。

（2）我們需要明白的一點(diǎn)是，課堂上的這段插曲事先經(jīng)過策劃并被寫成劇本。尼爾?諾蘭德始終介入了這個秘密計(jì)劃。被砸的是他母親閑置的一部手機(jī)，手機(jī)的服務(wù)合同早已滿期了。

（3）所有的中學(xué)和大學(xué)都為學(xué)生提供了筆記本電腦，配備了計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，構(gòu)建了無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，所有這些進(jìn)步原本是為了促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)，結(jié)果反而分散了學(xué)生的注意力?；蛟S，記錄學(xué)生的考勤時，應(yīng)該再加上一欄：到課但未聽課。

（4）“這種托辭我都聽膩了，”也許會長壽且成果豐碩的布赫雅教授說，“關(guān)于課上講授內(nèi)容乏味的看法真的是相對的。相比什么它顯得枯燥無味呢？到易貝網(wǎng)上買鞋？事實(shí)上，我們來這里不是為了玩樂，而是為了提高精神境界?！?/p>

12.單選題

Theoldbeliefthattheuniverseneverchangesisquitewrong.Evenbeforetheinventionofthetelescope,astronomersnoticedthatbrightstarssuddenlyappearinthesky，andthenlaterdisappear.（1）Infactwenowknowthattheyarereallyoldstarswhichareslowlydying.Arecentcaseofanovaoccurredin1918，andoneofthefewpeoplewhosawthiswastheAmericanastronomerEdwardBarnard.Hewasdrivingalonginacar,occasionallylookingupintothesky.Suddenlyhenoticedastarthathehadneverseenbefore,andexclaimed,“Thatstarshouldnotbethere!”Hewasinfactwatchingtheexplosionofanova.

（2）Astheydoso,theyletouthugecloudsofmaterial.Sometimesaslargeastheearth,andtheseexplodeintospaceataspeedofabout8，000,000kilometersperhour.Whenthishappens,thehotterpartsofthestarbecomevisible,andthisiswhynovaearesobright.Althoughtheexplosionsarehugeonahumanscale,theyonlyconsumeasmallpartofthedyingstar’senergy.（3）Indeed,thereareevensomestarswhichexplodeonceafortnight.

Thereareotheroldstarswhichdonotdieslowly,butarecompletelydestroyedbyonegreatexplosion.（4）Theexplosionofasupernovaisequivalenttoaboutamillion,million,million,millionhydrogenbombsgoingoffatthesametime.Justbeforetheexplosionthestar’sdensitybecomeverygreatanditspinsataveryhighspeed.Amatchboxofmaterialtakenfromthestaratthattimewouldweighabout1,000tons,andthestarwouldbeturningatabout16,000,000kilometersperhour.（5）OnesupernovawhichChineseastronomersobservedin1054canstillbeseenbyustoday.Ithasbeenshiningforatleastninehundredyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying.

B.Theyareknownas“supernovae.”

C.Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.

D.Theexplosionofasupernovaislikeacosmicbomb.

E.Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.

F.Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:E

【解析】（1）空格處后面一句話有兩個關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是infact,”實(shí)際上”的意思，表示與前文（空格處所填入的句子）是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；另一個關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是old的這個詞，既然前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那么空格處會有一個與old相反的表述。綜上，Thesestarswerecalled“novae”becausetheywerethoughttobenew.符合題意。

（2）空格處位于句首，因此可以考慮是一個主題句，即后面的內(nèi)容都是圍繞這個句子展開。因此需要把握整段文字的主要內(nèi)容：講述了一顆新星慢慢衰落的過程，因此Novaeareoldstarswhichareslowlydying符合題意。

（3）空格處前面講述了恒星爆炸，空格處后一句講述的是”甚至有些恒星會每兩周爆炸一次”，言下之意是有些恒星的爆炸并不是只有一次，可能會延續(xù)很長時間，因此Thedeathisaslowone,andthestarmaycontinuetoexplodeforthousandsofyears.符合題意。

（4）空格后的句子提到了一個關(guān)鍵詞supernova，因此，空格處需要將這個概念引出來。再聯(lián)系空格前一句中的otheroldstars可知Theyareknownas“supernovae.”符合題意。

（5）空格后的句子提到”中國天文學(xué)家在1054年觀測到的一顆超新星至今仍可看見”，這個例子說明超新星爆炸后仍然可以長時間發(fā)光，因此Theexplosionitselfoccurssuddenly,inthespaceofaminute,butthesupernovacontinuestoshinelongaftertheevent.符合題意。

13.單選題

Becauseofa（）intheskirt,thegirlwasabletobuyitathalfprice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.fault

C.flaw

D.strip

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)weakness表示“（系統(tǒng)、性格等的）缺點(diǎn)，劣勢；弱點(diǎn)；虛弱”，B選項(xiàng)fault表示“錯誤；故障；缺點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)flaw表示“缺陷，瑕疵；性格上的缺點(diǎn)”，D選項(xiàng)strip表示“條；帶”。由句意可知，這個女孩能半價買到裙子是因?yàn)槿棺佑需Υ茫訡選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Today'scorporationshirehumanengineeringspecialistsandspendaconsiderableamountoftimeandmoneytomakesurethatthephysicalenvironmentofbuildingsarefitfortheactivitiesoftheirinhabitants.

Similarly,collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseeteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.

Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor,theteachercancorrectthesituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallandstandardclasses,chairs,desksandtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways:circles,U-shapes,orsemicircles.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclassesparticularlythoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.

Arrangementofclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehallsitispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupsoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudentsthinkingprocessesoperate——allessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.

Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesamescat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces.

1.Deskanangementinatraditionalclassroomisassociatedwiththeideathat（

）.

2.Theexpression"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears"(inParagraph2)isintendedtoconvey

theideathat（

）.

3.Theprimarypurposeofdeskarrangementis（

）.

4.Thegreatestadvantageinallowingeachstudenttofindhisowngroupmightbethat（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.studentsshouldnotbeactivelearnersintheclassroom

B.itisuselessforstudentstoparticipateinclassactivity

C.theteacheristhechiefknowledgesource

D.itisimportantforstudentstoseetheblackboardclearly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.collegeclassroomsoftenremindyouofyourcollegelife

B.criticalthinkingwasencouragedevenacenturyago

C.ahundredyearsago,deskarrangementinaclassroomwasquitedifferent

D.thereisnotmuchchangeinthecollegeeducationalideasoverthepasthundredyears

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fortheteachertodividestudentsintosmallgroups

B.tomakeitpossibleforthestudentstointeractwitheachother

C.fortheteachertofindouthowstudentsthink

D.togivestudentsopportunitiestopracticespeaking

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theteachersavesthetroubleindoingthat

B.learningismadecomfortableinthisway

C.theteachercaneasilyrememberthestudents'namesandfaces

D.brighterstudentscanhelptheslowerones

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Newkindsofdesksandchairsshouldbemade.

B.Manycompaniesaretryingtoimprovetheworkingsettingsfortheiremployees.

C.Interactionbetweenstudentsisessentialinthetrainingofcriticalthinking.

D.Acomfortableenvironmentleadstohigherworkingefficiency.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher(這種安排下的假設(shè)是很明顯的：所有重要信息都來自于老師)。故選C“老師是知識的主要來源”。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)"stepbackintimeatleastahundredyears”定位至第二段:Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears(我們己經(jīng)進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，但是踏入任何大學(xué)教室，你都會感覺至少回到100年之前),也就是大學(xué)教室和以前相比都沒有多大改變。故選D“100年來，大學(xué)教育的想法都沒有太多改變”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse(主要目的是讓每個人都能見到彼此)”以及第四段中“Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother(將班級分成小團(tuán)隊(duì)，可以為學(xué)生提供更多的交流機(jī)會)”可知B項(xiàng)“使學(xué)生能夠相互交流”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces(:我同事允許學(xué)生在前兩周的時候移動座位，直到他們發(fā)現(xiàn)相處融洽的團(tuán)體。之后他便要求他們和同樣的團(tuán)隊(duì)呆在同樣的位置上。這不僅能創(chuàng)造舒適的相互交流的環(huán)境，而且能幫助他熟悉學(xué)生的名字和面孔),因此B項(xiàng)“這樣能創(chuàng)造舒適的學(xué)習(xí)交流環(huán)境”正確。

5.判斷推理題。題目問的是下列哪個選項(xiàng)不正確。文章談?wù)摰氖墙淌抑凶酪蔚奈恢门欧呕蛘哒f是教室空間的恰當(dāng)安排，因此A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該制作新類型的桌椅”不符合原文所述。

15.單選題

Thepolicedetectiveputtogetherthepiecesofevidencetoformone（

）account.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.genuine

C.expressive

D.coherent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞義辨析。sensitive“敏感的；感覺的”；genuine“真實(shí)的；真正的”；expressive“表現(xiàn)的；有表現(xiàn)力的”；coherent“連貫的；清晰的；一致的”。句意：這位警探將這些證據(jù)拼湊在一起形成一份連貫的報告。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Thedoor（）intoalargeroomwhichcanholdfiftypeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isopened

B.opens

C.hasopened

D.isopening

【答案】B

【解析】句意:門開通向一個能容納五十人的大房間。

語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)。此句陳述一個事實(shí)，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，openinto表示“通向”。

17.單選題

Theboyansweredallmyquestionswithcomplete（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insurance

B.security

C.assurance

D.safety

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。insurance“保險，保險費(fèi)”；security“安全，保證”；assurance“保證，擔(dān)保，確信”；safety“安全，保險”。句意：這個小男孩自信地回答了我所有的問題。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Withthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,aninternationalmediumofexchangeisrequired.Fromthelate1800suntilWorldWarI,mostcountriesoperatedonthegoldstandard.Goldcoinsofstandardspecificationscirculatedfreelybetweencountries,makinggoldineffectaninternationalcurrency.Thissystemprovidedanautomaticcorrectionforsometradeimbalances,butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade),anditwasvulnerablytoshort-termchangesinthegoldsupply.

Afterthefinancialstabilityofthe1930s，theinternationalmonetarysystemwasre-builtfollowingWorldWarIIonthegold-exchangestandard.ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice($35anounceuntil1968).TheInternationalMonetaryFund,akeyinstitutionsetupunderthissystem,makesinternationalloanswithcapitalsubscribedbyitsme