考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.Decisionsareformedbyadecisionmaker,theonewhoactuallychoosesthefinaloption,inconjunctionwithadecisionunit,allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.Inthistheoreticalmodel,themembersofthedecisionunitreacttoanunidentifiedproblembystudyingtheproblem,determiningtheobjectivesoftheorganization,formulatingoptions,evaluatingthestrengthsandweaknessesofeachofthedecision,includingthenatureoftheproblemitself,externalforcesexertinganinfluenceontheorganization,theinternaldynamicsofthedecisionunit,andthepersonalityofthedecisionmaker.Additionally,whenadecisionmustbemadeinacrisissituation,bothstressandthespeedatwhicheventsareprogressingcanhaveaneffect,oftenanegativeone,onthedecisionprocess.

Duringrecentyears,decisionmakinghasbeenstudiedsystematicallybydrawingfromsuchdiverseareasofstudyaspsychology,sociology,business,government,history,mathematics,andstatistics.Analysesofdecisionsoftenemphasizeoneofthreeprincipalconceptualperspectives(thoughoftentheapproachthatisactuallyemployedissomewhateclectic).

Intheoldestofthethreeapproaches,decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.Itisassumedthatthisrationalactorhasclearobjectivesinmind,developsnumerousreasonableoptions,considerstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachoptioncarefully,choosesthebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis,andthenproceedstoimplementitfully.Avariationoftherationalactormodelisdecisionmakerwhoissatisfier,onewhoselectsthefirstsatisfactoryoptionratherthancontinuingthedecisionmakingprocessuntiltheoptimaldecisionhasbeenreached.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheinformationinparagraph1thatthetheoreticaldecisionmakingprocess（

）.

2.Thephrase“inconjunctionwith”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarelistedinparagraph1ashavinganeffectondecisionsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatrationalactorwouldbeleastlikelyto

（

）.

5.Theword“it”inline5,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvesonlythedecisionmaker

B.requiresthecontemplationofnumerousoptions

C.ismadewithoutthedecisionunit

D.doesnotworkinreal-lifesituations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alongwith

B.tiedto

C.apartfrom

D.connectedto

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.evaluationoftheproblem

B.focusonobjectives

C.generationofoptions

D.open-endeddiscussions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.dealwithaspecificthreat

B.workinarandomfashion

C.pondervariousoptions

D.considerdisadvantagesofoptions

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.eachoption

B.carefulanalysis

C.thebestoption

D.variation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)首段第一句“Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.”在決策的理論模型中，決策被定義為從一組執(zhí)行選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的過(guò)程。也就是說(shuō)，需要考慮多種選擇，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“…allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.”……組織中所有參與了這個(gè)過(guò)程的人都圍繞著決策者。由此可推測(cè)，決策者和組織是緊密相連的，所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，決策單元的成員對(duì)一個(gè)身份不明的問(wèn)題做出反應(yīng)，需要通過(guò)研究問(wèn)題，確定組織的目標(biāo)，制定方案，評(píng)估每一個(gè)決策的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，包括問(wèn)題本身的性質(zhì)，對(duì)組織施加影響的外部力量，決策單元的內(nèi)部動(dòng)態(tài)以及決策者的個(gè)性。選項(xiàng)A屬于評(píng)估每一個(gè)決策的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)B屬于確定組織的目標(biāo)；選項(xiàng)D屬于決策單元內(nèi)部的動(dòng)態(tài)；所以，只有選項(xiàng)C沒(méi)有涉及。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.”決策由理性的人做出，他針對(duì)來(lái)自外部環(huán)境的特定威脅，直接而有目的地做出特定的決策。由此可知，他們做事是帶有目的性的，而不是隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的，所以他們最不可能做的是選項(xiàng)B。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里的“it”指的是上文提到的“thebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis”經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)分析而選擇出的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.單選題

Amysteriousblackcloudapproachestheearth—ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.

ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.

ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.

Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperature,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.

1.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature____________.

2.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause____________.

3.MillionsofpeopleinCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause____________.

4.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat____________.

5.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto____________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stayedateighty

B.rangedfromeightytoninety

C.approachedonehundred

D.exceededthehundredmark

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thetemperaturewastolerable

B.peopleremainedindoorsforweeks

C.thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperature

D.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhot

B.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreased

C.theirconditionsweretoodangerous

D.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

B.moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlives

C.fewerpeoplecouldbesaved

D.survivalordeathwasstillundecided

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thehotair

B.thetropicalclimate

C.therainclouds

D.thedampatmosphere

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.（在不列顛群島，溫度從80度上升到90度，并接近100度。），可知不列顛群島的溫度快接近100度，故C選項(xiàng)“接近100”正確。A選項(xiàng)“保持在80度”，B選項(xiàng)“從80上升到90度”和D選項(xiàng)“超過(guò)100度”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.（美國(guó)的死亡人數(shù)仍然很少，這在很大程度上要?dú)w功于前幾年和前幾個(gè)月安裝的空調(diào)設(shè)備。），可知，在美國(guó)很少人因?yàn)楦邷囟鴨噬靡嬗诳照{(diào)，故D選項(xiàng)“人們裝有最舒適的空調(diào)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“溫度還可以忍受”和B選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谑覂?nèi)待了幾個(gè)星期”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.（全國(guó)各地氣溫上升到人類承受能力的極限，人們被迫連續(xù)數(shù)周待在室內(nèi)。），可知這氣溫已超出承受范圍，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，并且因?yàn)闅鉁靥呷藗儾坏貌淮谑覂?nèi)，這是高溫帶來(lái)的影響而非只有少數(shù)人死亡的原因，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“政府已經(jīng)采取了有效的措施來(lái)降低高溫”：文章沒(méi)有提到政府做了什么，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose…toproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.（最終，海水表層的溫度上升了……致命的濕度增加。）和第三句grewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday（天氣一天比一天潮濕和炎熱），可知是海水溫度和濕度增加影響的開羅和好望角地區(qū)，故B選項(xiàng)“隨著海洋表層海水濕度的增加，溫度變得更潮濕、更熱”正確，A選項(xiàng)“溫度變得非常熱”中僅僅因?yàn)闇囟茸兓恢劣谠斐蛇@樣的結(jié)果。C選項(xiàng)“他們的條件太危險(xiǎn)了”：這是對(duì)這情況的描述而非原因，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)高溫?zé)o計(jì)可施”：根據(jù)第四段第二句ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.（人類之所以能活下來(lái)，完全是因?yàn)橥诘搅硕囱ê偷亟?。），可知人類運(yùn)用了一些對(duì)策面對(duì)高溫，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段BythefourthweekofJuly…Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle…Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved…asitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.（到了七月的第四個(gè)星期……溫度降低了一點(diǎn)……但不能說(shuō)情況有所改善……就像對(duì)人類和許多其他動(dòng)物不利一樣），可知對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)，氣溫的威脅降低了，可是其他的危險(xiǎn)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，人類安全與否仍然未知，故D選項(xiàng)“生死仍未定”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類將不可能存活”，B選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的人將失去生命”和C選項(xiàng)“更少的人可以被拯救”與句意不符，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmosphere（昆蟲的數(shù)量急劇增加，因?yàn)樽茻岬拇髿鈱?duì)它們有利），可知昆蟲因?yàn)樽茻岬拇髿舛黾?，故A選項(xiàng)“灼熱的大氣”正確。B選項(xiàng)“熱帶氣候”C選項(xiàng)“云雨天氣”和D選項(xiàng)“潮濕的空氣”：文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)這些因素和昆蟲數(shù)量增多的關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Ultimately,thecaseprovedtohavenothingtodowithhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Remarkably

B.Presumably

C.Noticeably

D.Eventually

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Remarkably顯著地B.Presumably大概；想必

C.Noticeably明顯地D.Eventually最終

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析

【解題思路】原詞Ultimately“最終”，D選項(xiàng)Eventually“最終”與之語(yǔ)義最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原文語(yǔ)義。

【句意】最終證明這一案件與他無(wú)關(guān)。

4.單選題

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybeliethem.Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivationderivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwiththeperformer’sskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldeterminethesuccessofartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunication.

Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson’sself-image,perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygiveacluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhidingbehindanoverconfidentfront.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyinanygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,byencouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthevoicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry,andbydullandlethargicqualitiesofthedepressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatingthat,atinterpersonallevels,tonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen(lines8-9)?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunicationinline15?

4.Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybeanindicationofaperson’s

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoiceindicate?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefunctionofthevoiceinperformance

B.Theconnectionbetweenvoiceandpersonality

C.Communicationstyles

D.Theproductionofspeech

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Feelingsareexpressedwithdifferentwordsthanideasare.

B.Thetoneofvoicecancarryinformationbeyondthemeaningofwords.

C.Ahightoneofvoicereflectsanemotionalcommunication.

D.Feelingsaremoredifficulttoexpressthanideas.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Asexamplesofpublicperformance.

B.Asexamplesofbasicstylesofcommunication

C.Tocontrastthemtosinging

D.Tointroducetheideaofself-image

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.generalphysicalhealth

B.personality

C.abilitytocommunicate

D.vocalquality

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.lethargy

B.depression

C.boredom

D.anger

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句話便是全文的中心句Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.（與說(shuō)話嗓音有關(guān)的一些因素顯露出說(shuō)話者的個(gè)性）。選項(xiàng)B“嗓音與個(gè)性的聯(lián)系”符合題意。

2.文章第一段Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener提到交談?wù)叩恼Z(yǔ)氣有意或者無(wú)意地表達(dá)出直觀的同情或反感，冷漠或感興趣，疲勞、緊張、熱情或激動(dòng)等等。選項(xiàng)B“語(yǔ)氣可能帶著超越言語(yǔ)意思的信息”符合題意。

3.文章第一段Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture提到公開表演是一種高度專業(yè)的交流方式，需要通過(guò)聲音的技巧或手勢(shì)來(lái)取得所需要的效果，題目中artistic,political等都屬于這一類公開表演。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第二段Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits提到自我形象可以通過(guò)語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表明，比如自信、傲慢、害羞、挑釁、友好等等，這些都是個(gè)性的特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章第二段byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Thereare2shortpassagesinthispart.PassageAisforyoutotranslatefromEnglishtoChineseandpassageBisfromChinesetoEnglish.

PassageA

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpureeyes.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindcertainstereotypes.JohnDeweyhassaidthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividual,asagainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofthemothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalk.

PassageB

教育的主要目標(biāo)之一就是給未來(lái)的公民準(zhǔn)備好他們?cè)诔扇松鐣?huì)占有一席之地所需要的一切。當(dāng)今的成人社會(huì)由男人和女人組成，所以男女分開的學(xué)校怎么可能為他們的將來(lái)做好恰當(dāng)?shù)臏?zhǔn)備呢？男女同校的教育給孩子提供的完全是現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)的真實(shí)縮影。男孩女孩都有機(jī)會(huì)互相了解，有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)著從小在一起生活。在這里，他們可以在學(xué)習(xí)能力、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)和許多課外活動(dòng)方面進(jìn)行相互比較，這些都是學(xué)校生活的一部分。

【答案】風(fēng)俗一般不被認(rèn)為是什么重要的課題。我們認(rèn)為我們大腦的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)特別值得研究。但對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，我們卻覺(jué)得那不過(guò)是最平常的行為而已。但事實(shí)恰恰相反。全世界的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣是很多具體行為的集合，這些具體行為不管有多不正常，也比任何個(gè)體行為令人驚訝。這只是問(wèn)題的次要方面。最重要的是，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在人們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及信仰上扮演的重要角色以及它所體現(xiàn)的多樣性。

沒(méi)有人能以純凈的眼睛看待世界。即使在哲學(xué)探索中，他也沒(méi)有徹底拋棄成見。約翰?杜威曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，風(fēng)俗對(duì)于個(gè)體行為的塑造之于個(gè)體對(duì)風(fēng)俗的影響，正如一個(gè)人的母語(yǔ)詞匯與他的咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)一樣。

Amajorgoalofeducationistoprepareeverythingtheyneedforfuturecitizenstotheirplaceinadultsociety.Today’sadultcommunityiscomposedofmenandwomen,so,howcanschoolsseparatemenandwomentomakeappropriatepreparationsfortheirfuture?Whatco-educationaleducationprovidedtochildreniscompletelytruemicrocosmoftherealworld.Theyhavetheopportunitytohavemutualunderstandingandlearntolivetogether.Here,theycancomparewitheachotherinlearningabilities,sportsperformanceandmanyextra-curricularactivitiesandallofthesearepartsofschoollife.

6.單選題

Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposition

B.defect

C.discrepancy

D.deficit

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposition“處置，性情”；B選項(xiàng)defect“缺點(diǎn)，劣勢(shì)”；C選項(xiàng)discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D選項(xiàng)deficit“赤字”。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞“cut削減，砍掉”和“budget預(yù)算”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“赤字，不足額”，句意為：能源稅能抑制普通的空氣污染，限制石油進(jìn)口和削減預(yù)算赤字。故正確答案選D。

7.單選題

heboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles（）rightaway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadtobeprinted

B.shouldhavebeenprinted

C.havebeenprinted

D.beprinted

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)deem,suggest,insist,require等表主觀愿望的詞時(shí),

從句需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,

即should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。根據(jù)句意：委員會(huì)認(rèn)為迫切需要立即把這些文件打印出來(lái)。由此可知文件還沒(méi)打印,

所以不用完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

Eatingtoomuchfatcan______heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributeto

B.attributeto

C.attendto

D.devoteto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個(gè)原因”；B選項(xiàng)attributeto“把……歸因于”；C選項(xiàng)attendto“處理；照料”；D選項(xiàng)devoteto“獻(xiàn)身于；作……專用”。句意：攝入太多脂肪會(huì)______心臟病和引起高血壓。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，攝入太多脂肪是造成心臟病的原因之一，所以contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個(gè)原因”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Heistotally（）tootherpeople’sattitudes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.careless

C.indifferent

D.cold

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān)的；關(guān)心的”；B選項(xiàng)careless“粗心的；無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的”；C選項(xiàng)indifferent“冷淡的；不關(guān)心的”D選項(xiàng)cold“冷淡的，不熱情的”。句意：他對(duì)別人的態(tài)度漠不關(guān)心。beindifferentto是固定搭配，表示“對(duì)…漠不關(guān)心”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

10.寫作題

Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.

【答案】略

11.單選題

Therealitydoesnotalways（

）toone’sexpectations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contribute

B.add

C.amount

D.correspond

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)；出力”；B選項(xiàng)add“增加”；C選項(xiàng)amount“總計(jì)；合計(jì)；等于”；D選項(xiàng)correspond“符合；相應(yīng)”。句意：現(xiàn)實(shí)并不總是盡如人意。句中的reality“現(xiàn)實(shí)”和expectation“期望”之間應(yīng)有的關(guān)系是“符合”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Oneofthefirst（

）ofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reformers

B.casualties

C.critics

D.beneficiaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。reformer改革家，改良者；casualty傷亡人員；critics評(píng)論家；beneficiaries受益人。句意：在亞馬遜雨林中減少焚燒的直接受益者之一是栗子工業(yè)：通過(guò)給栗樹授粉，使栗子發(fā)育的昆蟲往往會(huì)被煙霧趕走。根據(jù)冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容可判斷空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)正面的積極詞匯，故D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thosewhoareunder18arenot（

）tojointhisclub.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.legitimate

C.capable

D.eligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。available意為“可獲得的”；legitimate意為“合法的，合理的”；capable意為“有能力的”；eligible意為“合適的”。

句意：18歲以下的人加入這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部是違法的。

14.單選題

Youmustn'tallowyourworktobecomesloppy,butratheryoushouldtrytoimproveit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.falloff

B.comeoff

C.putoff

D.wearoff

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:你不應(yīng)該讓你的工作水平下滑，而應(yīng)當(dāng)努力提高。、

falloff:下降，降低。comeoff:舉行，達(dá)到效果。Putoff：推遲，延遲。Wearoff:麿損，逐漸消逝。sloppy:馬虎的，草率的，粗心的。故A與原文相符。

15.填空題

Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprise.Yourhousemayburndown.Youmayfalloutofthewindowandbreakyourneck.Miceandbeetlesmayeatyourfloorsothatyoudropintotheflatbelowforanuninvitedcupoftea.1.（）.

Youcannotalwayspreventdisasters,butyoucaninsureagainstthem.Mostformsofinsurancearevoluntary-itisuptoyouwhetheryoutakeoutapolicyornot.Butsomeformsarecompulsory.2.（）.The“parties”toanagreement,orcontract,aretheindividualsorgroupsconcerned.Withthird-partymotorinsurance,thethreepartiesare（i）youyourself,（ii）yourinsurancecompany,and（iii）anybodyelseforexample,themanwhoseJaguarhasjustsmashedupyourMini.Third-partyinsurancedoesnotcoverfire,theftoranythingelse.Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.3.（）.

AnotherformofcompulsoryinsuranceisNationalInsurance.Everybodyover16earningmoneyonaregularbasismustpayasumeachweektothestate.TheseweeklycontributionscoverpartofthecostoftheNationalHealthServiceandtheothersocialservicebenefits,e.g.unemploymentbenefits,sicknessbenefits,old-agepensions,industrialinjurybenefitsandsoon.Youmustbeabletoproveyouhavepaidyourcontributions,soyoumusthaveacard（keptbyyouremployerunlessyouareself-employeD.ontowhichstampsarestuckeveryweek.Ofcourse,youcantakeoutprivatehealthinsuranceaswellifyouwish,butyoumuststillpayyourstatecontributions.

Thereare,ofcourse,manyinsurancecompaniesinBritain,bothlargeandsmall.ButthereisalsoaratherspecialorganizationcalledLloyd’s,whichstartedasacoffee-houseinlate17lhcentury.Lloyd’sisasocietyofaroundsixthousandmembers-allofthemunderwriters-andisadministeredbyacommitteecontrolledbyActofParliament.4.（）.YouhavetogotoaninsurancebrokerwhowillthencontactamemberofLloyd’sforyou.IfyouwanttoinsuresomethingexpensivelikeafleetofJumbojets,forexample-yourbrokerwillprobablyhavetocontactasyndicateofunderwritersbecausetheriskswouldbetoohighforonemantocover.

Lloyd'swillprobablyinsureyouagainstanyriskatallprovidedyouarepreparedtopaythepremiums.5.（）.Maybeclownsinsuretheirnoses.Youneverknow-anythingmayhappen.

【答案】1.G

2.C

3.E

4.D

5.A

【解析】1.第一段列舉了一些可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)的例子，比如房子燒毀，地板被老鼠和甲蟲吃掉等。此空作為第一段的最后一句，G項(xiàng)“一切都有可能發(fā)生，”與第一句呼應(yīng)。

2.由Butsomeformsarecompulsory.但有些形式的保險(xiǎn)是強(qiáng)制性的?？芍酉聛?lái)的內(nèi)容會(huì)講到強(qiáng)制性的保險(xiǎn)。而C項(xiàng)正好是一個(gè)強(qiáng)制性保險(xiǎn)的例子。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.由空前的“Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.第三方保險(xiǎn)只是為了保護(hù)道路使用者免受他人的傷害?！笨芍@種保險(xiǎn)有局限性，E項(xiàng)中的comprehensive與原文中的only很自然地形成對(duì)比。故E項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果你想為可能發(fā)生在你或你的車身上的所有其他可怕的事情投保，你可以買一份綜合保險(xiǎn)。

4.上文提到Lloyd's是一個(gè)6000人組成的團(tuán)體，并且受委員會(huì)管制。故空格處如果填D項(xiàng)“Lloyd's不是一般意義上的保險(xiǎn)公司，而是一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)，你不能直接和它做生意?！蹦芘c上下文自然地銜接。

5.空前提到“只要你繳納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，Lloyd's會(huì)保護(hù)你的一切危險(xiǎn)。”接下來(lái)空格后舉例“小丑可能會(huì)為他的鼻子買保險(xiǎn)”。而A項(xiàng)“鋼琴家會(huì)為他們的手買保險(xiǎn)”正好與下文的例子構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，并且是對(duì)上文的論證。故A項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.explicitly

D.exceptionally

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extravagantly“揮霍無(wú)度地”；B選項(xiàng)empirically“以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地”；C選項(xiàng)explicitly“明確地，明白地”；D選項(xiàng)exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)aw法律”和“stated被表明，被解釋”，可知“明確地”符合題意，句意為：有關(guān)醉酒駕駛的法律規(guī)定得很清楚。故正確答案選C。

17.翻譯題

作為中國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)文化與智慧迅速擴(kuò)張的時(shí)代，諸子百家始于公元前770年，終于公元前222年。這個(gè)時(shí)代被譽(yù)為中國(guó)思想的黃金時(shí)期和百家爭(zhēng)鳴的時(shí)期，它見證了不同思想學(xué)派的興起。

不少起源于這個(gè)時(shí)代的中國(guó)古典著作直到今日對(duì)中國(guó)人的生活方式和社會(huì)意識(shí)還有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這個(gè)時(shí)代的知識(shí)型社會(huì)以流動(dòng)的智者為特征，這些智者被不同國(guó)家的君主任用為顧問(wèn)，針對(duì)治國(guó)之道、治軍之道和外交手段提出建議。

儒家思想可能是對(duì)國(guó)人生活最具有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)影響的本體思想。它還被稱為學(xué)者學(xué)派，其文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)存在于儒家典籍中，這些典籍為傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)，這種思想的代表人物是孔子，他主張君主以仁治國(guó)。孟子是孔子的弟子，他為儒家思想中人道的傳播做出了主要貢獻(xiàn)，宣揚(yáng)“人性本善”。

中國(guó)同樣見證了國(guó)學(xué)思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的發(fā)展。它由傳說(shuō)中的圣人老子和莊子所構(gòu)建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的個(gè)人而不是社會(huì)中的個(gè)人。根據(jù)道家思想，每個(gè)人的生活目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是調(diào)整自我來(lái)適應(yīng)自然世界的節(jié)奏，順應(yīng)宇宙的模式，和諧生活。

總而言之，“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的景象出現(xiàn)在2500年前的春秋時(shí)期和2200年前的戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，2400年前，諸子百家的出現(xiàn)以及他們的倡導(dǎo)者老子和孔子都在世界哲學(xué)史的發(fā)展過(guò)程中占據(jù)了重要地位。

【答案】AsaneraofgreatculturalandintellectualexpansioninChina,theHundredSchoolsofThoughtlastedfrom770BCto222BC.KnownastheGoldenAgeofChinesethoughtandtheContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought,theperiodsawtheriseofmanydifferentschoolsofthought.

ManyofthegreatChineseclassictextsthatoriginatedduringthisperiodhavehadprofoundinfluencesonChineselifestyleandsocialconsciousnesslastingtothepresentday.Theintellectualsocietyofthiserawascharacterizedbyitinerantintellectuals,whowereusuallyemployedbyvariousstaterulersasadvisersonthemethodsofgovernment,war,anddiplomacy.

ConfucianismisthebodyofthoughtthathasarguablyhadthemostenduringeffectonChineselife.AlsoknownastheSchooloftheScholars,itswrittenlegacyliesintheConfucianClassics,whichlaterbecamethefoundationofthetraditionalsociety.TherepresentativeofthisthoughtisConfucius.Hecontendedthatakingmustbevirtuousinordertoruleproperty.MenciuswasaConfuciandisciplewhomademajorcontributionstothespreadofhumanisminConfucianthought,declaringthatman,bynature,wasinherentlygood.

AsthesecondmostsignificantstreamofChinesethought,theZhouperiodalsosawthedevelopmentofTaoism.ItsformulationisoftenattributedtothelegendarysageLaoZiandZhuangZi.ThefocusofTaoismisontheindividualwithinthenaturalrealmratherthantheindividualwithinsociety.AccordingtoTaoism,thegoaloflifeforeachindividualistoseektoadjustoneselfandadapttotherhythmofthenaturalworld,tofollowthewayoftheuniverse,toliveinharmony.

Inaword,thesceneof“contentionofahundredschoolsofthought”broughtforthintheSpringandAutumnPeriod2500yearsagoandtheWarringStatesPeriodover2200yearsagoandtheemergenceofvariousschoolsofthoughtandtheirexponentssuchasLaoZiandConfuciusabout2400yearsagoalloccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.

18.單選題

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened（

）asuddenloudnoise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingthere

B.shouldtherebe

C.therewas

D.therehavingbeen

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和選項(xiàng)，可知空格中應(yīng)填入虛擬條件句，因?yàn)槭÷詉f，所以應(yīng)使用倒裝，選項(xiàng)C和D可排除。根據(jù)句意可知，句子是對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，主句形式為should/could/would/might+動(dòng)詞原形，從句形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：如果突然發(fā)出很大的聲音，這些動(dòng)物很可能會(huì)受到驚嚇。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.填空題

UnemploymentintheWest:Thequestforjobs

Itisnot（1）forpoliticianstoreducetheWest'sfrighteninglyhighunemploymentlevels.

ALITTLFgeographicalimaginationhelpstoconveythescaleofjoblessnessintheWest.Ifthe44mpeoplewhoare（2）inthemainlyrichmembersoftheOECDlivedinonecountry,itspopulationwouldbesimilarto（3）.InSpainitself,whichhastheWest'shighestjoblessrate(21%),thenumberofpeople（4）workmatchesthecombinedpopulationofMadridandBarcelona.InAmericathe14mpeopleofficiallyjoblesswould（5）thefifth-most-populousstateintheunion.Andinthe11m“underemployed”,whoareworkinglessthantheywouldlike,anditisthesizeofTexas.

Thelandscapeisnotuniformlybleak.Germany,forexample,nowhasa（6）joblessratethanbeforethefinancialcrisis.Butinmostoftherichworldthe（7）ofpeopleunemployed,thoughdownabitfromitspeakin2009,（8）stillalarminglyhigh,evenasfearsmountthatseveralcountriesmaybeslippingbackintorecession.Andthehumancostoftheeconomiccrisisispaidlargely（9）thosewhoareoutofwork,forjoblessnessincreasesdepression,divorce,substanceabuseandprettymucheverythingthatcango（10）inalife.

Worse,today'sjoblessnessisaparticularlydangeroussort.Adisproportionateshareofthoseoutofworkarcyoung,andyouthunemploymentleavesmorescars,intermsoflowerfuturewagesandgreaterlikelihoodoffutureunemployment.

【答案】1.impossible

2.unemployed

3.Spain’s

4.without

5.form

6.lower

7.number

8.is

9.by

10.wrong

【解析】1.詞匯題。該處句型為:Itis...forsb.todosth.,因此應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)文章可推測(cè),此處句意為:對(duì)于政客們來(lái)說(shuō)，降低西方國(guó)家令人為之恐懼的高失業(yè)率并不是不可能。