考研考博-英語-復(fù)旦大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-復(fù)旦大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Beingpublished

B.Published

C.Publishing

D.Tobepublished

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Beingpublished被發(fā)表（被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）B.Published發(fā)表（過去分詞）

C.Publishing發(fā)表（現(xiàn)在分詞）D.Tobepublished發(fā)表（不定式）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)句

【解題思路】本題考查的是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝句用法。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可以將名詞、形容詞、副詞或分詞置于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。原句的正確語序?yàn)椤癆sitwas____atsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention”，此處it指的是“他的作品”，根據(jù)語義，他的作品應(yīng)該是被發(fā)表，所以此處應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，題干中已經(jīng)有了be動(dòng)詞，因此只需填入一個(gè)過去分詞即可，B選項(xiàng)Published“發(fā)表（過去分詞）”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)Beingpublished“被發(fā)表（被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）”，題干中已經(jīng)有be動(dòng)詞了，不需要再使用一個(gè)be動(dòng)詞，另外，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表主動(dòng)，語態(tài)不對；

C選項(xiàng)Publishing“發(fā)表（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表主動(dòng)，語態(tài)不對；

D選項(xiàng)Tobepublished“發(fā)表（不定式）”，使用不定式形式，說明作品尚未發(fā)表，不符合原句語義。

【句意】盡管他的作品在這樣一個(gè)時(shí)期出版，但還是引起了很大的關(guān)注。

2.單選題

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare（

）availablethesedays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:個(gè)人電腦對于普通人而言已不再遙遠(yuǎn)。現(xiàn)在電腦已經(jīng)能被人（

）運(yùn)用。

Promptly迅速地,敏捷地;instantly立即地;readily容易地;quickly快速地。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Mynexthusbandwilldefinitelybehen-pecked.Everyonelaughablyassumesmypresentoneis,soImayaswellhavetheadvantageofexchangingillusionforreality.

Thismeanshewillbeabletomendafuse.Beinggoodaboutthehouseistheessentialingredientofthemanageablemale.Allthesepretensionstohavinggreenfingersasanexcuseforspendingthemorninginthesunshineandtrampinginfromthegardeninmuddybootsarereallynosubstitute.

Asacareerwoman,ithasalwaysbeenmydreamtobemarriedtoahandyman.Womenwhosehusbandsarerelaxedaboutrawplugsdon'tknowwhatworryis.Iwouldsleeppeacefullyatnightwithanyonewhocouldtellapairofpincersfromawirecutter.Apartfromtheblissfulconvenience;Icouldreallyatlastbegintoliveitup.

IfyouareburiedinthedepthsofthecountryasIliketobewheneverIcan,itcostsyouafiverjusttohaveaboltputonthesheddoorortobribethenearestplumbertocomeandlookatadrippingtap.IcalculateIcouldhaveatriptotheSolomonIslandseveryyearoutofthemoneywewillsaveonthewashersmynewdo-it-yourselfparagonwillwhiponandoffourtaps.

Mynexthusbandwillnotsayeverytime.Igetoutthetravelbrochures:"IdoloveEnglandinthelatesummer;don'tyouthinkitwouldbenicetoholidayathome?Thegardenisatitsbestthen".Iknowwhatthatmeans:stayinguphalfthenightcuttinguphisglutofrunnerbeansforthedeepfreeze.

Beingahandyman,hewould,ofcourse,beanexpertcook.Itwouldbehewhowouldrustleupanomeletteatmidnightafteraheavyday.Andhewouldnotbelievethateverycookingutensilinsightwasexpendable.Iwouldneveragainhavetocursethefriendwhooncetoldusthattheonlywaytodosteakwasinatotallydry,red-hotfrying-pan,Ilikecharcoaledsteakasmuchasanyone,butitcomesexpensivewhenitmeanscharcoalingtheentirekitchentoo.IshallrelinquishwithoutregrettherecordIatpresentholdofbeingmarriedtotheonlymaninBritainwhohasevermanagedtoburnaboiledegg.

AfterlongandmatureconsiderationIhavecometotheconclusionthatthenextmanImarryWillbeahairdresser.Anyhusbandwhocannotback-combhiswife'shairisnotworthhissalt.ThiswillmeanthatIwillbeabletogointoeveryseriousT.V.discussioncompletelylight-heartedly.Itwon'tmatteradamnwhatItalkabout.Myfriendswillallringuptoremark:"SawyouonT.V.lastnight,Yourhairdidlooknice".

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheauthor'spresenthusband（）

2.Bygivingtheexampleofherhusband'scookingsteak,theauthortriestoprovehis（）

3.Theword"glut"inParagraph5canbereplacedby（）

4.Accordingtotheauthorhavinggreenfingerssometimes（）

5.Thetoneofthephrase"Afterlongandmatureconsideration"inthelastparagraphcanbeidentifiedas（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasanimpetuoustemper

B.isacoldfish

C.isnotaveryconsiderateperson

D.isuxorious

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.frugality

B.temperance

C.hisaptitude

D.ineptitude

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.exuberance

B.excess

C.myriad

D.flamboyance

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.canproduceembarrassinggluts

B.makesgardenerspulltheirweightinthehouse

C.makesgardenersrunamokinthehouse

D.enablesgardenerstokeepthehousecleanandtidy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.arrogant

B.ironical

C.flippant

D.patronizing

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:文章第一段Mynexthusbandwilldefinitelybehen-pecked.Everyonelaughablyassumesmypresentoneis,soImayaswellhavetheadvantageofexchangingillusionforreality提到我的下任丈夫必須是一個(gè)妻管嚴(yán)。每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為我現(xiàn)在的丈夫就是一個(gè)妻管嚴(yán)，所以我想讓這個(gè)幻想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。由此可知，作者的丈夫并不是一個(gè)妻管嚴(yán)，不夠體貼。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:文章第六段最后一句IshallrelinquishwithoutregrettherecordIatpresentholdofbeingmarriedtotheonlymaninBritainwhohasevermanagedtoburnaboiledegg提到作者會(huì)毫不猶豫放棄目前創(chuàng)造的記錄：嫁給了英國唯一一個(gè)試圖燒烤煮熟的雞蛋的人。由此可知，作者的丈夫并不擅長烹飪，沒有烹飪的天賦。選項(xiàng)Dineptitude“愚笨”符合題意。

第3題:文章第五段最后一句Iknowwhatthatmeans:stayinguphalfthenightcuttinguphisglutofrunnerbeansforthedeepfreeze提到熬夜割除多余的紅花菜豆，然后冷藏。glut是“過多”的意思。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。Exuberance“茂盛”；excess“過多，過量”；myriad“無數(shù)”；flamboyance“華麗”。

第4題:文章第二段提到丈夫借口精通園藝，經(jīng)常穿著臟兮兮的靴子，有時(shí)也會(huì)令人窘迫，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:文章作者希望自己下任丈夫是個(gè)妻管嚴(yán)，接著還希望丈夫會(huì)干家務(wù)、會(huì)修理，最后決定要嫁給一個(gè)理發(fā)師，這些都是為了諷刺現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifagirl’seyes（

）whenshelooksatyou,itmeanssheisinterestedinyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glitter

B.sparkle

C.flash

D.flicker

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。glitter意為“閃爍，閃現(xiàn)(某種強(qiáng)烈情感)”；sparkle意為“閃耀，閃爍”；flash意為“使閃光，使閃爍”，帶有“興奮、喜悅、高興之色”，指快速地發(fā)出強(qiáng)光；flicker意為“閃爍”，指閃出不太強(qiáng)的光。

句意：如果一個(gè)女孩看著你，她的眼睛放光，意思是她對你感興趣。

5.單選題

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn(沉默的)malespeakersandgossipygarrulous(饒舌)femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkinginmid-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Unfeminine.

B.Powerful.

C.Obedient.

D.Unmasculine.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkis______.1.這篇文章暗示了作者對女性話語和男性話語劃分的態(tài)度是______。

A.assertiveA.肯定的，獨(dú)斷的

B.snobbishB.勢利的

C.approvingC.贊成的

D.criticalD.批判的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“要保持這種劃分，需要堅(jiān)定的信念和相當(dāng)大的努力（considerableeffort）。它也會(huì)讓我們做出一些相當(dāng)愚蠢（fairlyfoolish）的判斷，尤其是在語言方面?！?，從considerable和fairlyfoolish可以看出，作者對于男性和女性語言上的劃分是批判的態(tài)度。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“肯定的，獨(dú)斷的”、B選項(xiàng)“勢利的”曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“贊成的”與原文相反，反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?2.第二段中的effeminate是什么意思？

A.Unfeminine.A.不像女性的。

B.Powerful.B.強(qiáng)大的。

C.Obedient.C.順從的。

D.Unmasculine.D.無男子漢氣概的。

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)effeminate定位至第二段最后一句“我們會(huì)說自信的女孩是非女性化的（unfeminine），能給予支持和幫助的男孩是effeminate，并試圖改變他們，同時(shí)仍然保留我們的男性和女性談話的刻板印象”，從中可知，effeminate與unfeminine是相對應(yīng)的，自信的女生被認(rèn)為是非女性化，那么能給予支持和幫助的男孩會(huì)被認(rèn)為非男性化，所以推測effeminate表示“非男性化”的意思。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不像女性的”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)大的”、C選項(xiàng)“順從的”屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate______.3.作者以音高為例來表示______。

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferencesinlanguageA.這個(gè)音高并不能很好地解釋語言中的性別差異

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoicesB.男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說話，女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說話

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustratedC.語言中的性別差異無法很好地說明

D.thatsexdifferenceslieineyeorearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguageD.性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是語言

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pitch定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段講述了以pitch為例的內(nèi)容：我們習(xí)慣認(rèn)為男性是低音調(diào)，女性是高音調(diào)，但是解剖學(xué)也無法解釋這種音高差異；也就是說音高中的性別差異無法很好地說明。然后看到上一段講到“這些女性語言特征都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。即使已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了性別差異，問題還是出在觀察者的眼睛上或者耳朵上，而不是語言上?！?，可知即使知道了性別差異，也是我們的眼睛或者耳朵發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并不能從語言上來很好區(qū)分，作者以pitch為例就是做一個(gè)類比，所以同樣地，語言中的性別差異也無法很好地說明。C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)音高并不能很好地解釋語言中的性別差異”并不是作者以音高為例的目的，張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“男性應(yīng)該用低音調(diào)說話，女性應(yīng)該用高音調(diào)說話”并不是使用音高作為例子的目的，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“性別差異在于觀察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是語言”也與題干無關(guān)，張冠李戴。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?4.以下哪一項(xiàng)不屬于女性談話的刻板印象？

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords.A.總是使用瑣碎的詞匯。

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover.B.一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情。

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished.C.句子還沒說完就停止說話。

D.Noneoftheabove.D.以上都不是。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“如果女性確實(shí)比男性使用更多的瑣碎詞匯，或者在句子中間停止說話，或者一遍又一遍地談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?，?dāng)調(diào)查人員在場時(shí)，她們就不會(huì)這樣做”，以及第四段第一句“這些女性語言特征（characteristicsoffemale）都沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)”，綜合理解可知，女性語言特征是使用更多的瑣碎詞匯、話沒說完就停止說話和不斷談?wù)撏瑯拥氖虑?，這是我們對女性談話的刻板印象。只有D項(xiàng)“以上都不是”明顯和原文相悖，但符合題意，故選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“總是使用瑣碎的詞匯”、B選項(xiàng)“一遍又一遍地重復(fù)同樣的事情”、C選項(xiàng)“句子還沒說完就停止說話”均符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause______.5.男性不大聲說話是因?yàn)開_____。

A.malesareunabletodosoA.男性不能這樣做

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedatB.男性害怕被嘲笑

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeechC.高音是女性說話的特點(diǎn)，而不是男性說話的特點(diǎn)

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemalesD.解剖學(xué)證明，男性的音高往往比女性低

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章最后一段“如果男性沒有高聲說話，通常并不是因?yàn)樗麄儾荒苓@樣做。原因更有可能是處罰（penalties）。嗓音尖的男性常成為嘲笑（ridicule）的對象?！?，綜合理解可知，男性不會(huì)高聲說話的原因是他們怕被別人嘲笑，B項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“男性不能這樣做”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“高音是女性說話的特點(diǎn)，而不是男性說話的特點(diǎn)”是男性被嘲笑的原因，而不是不能高聲說話的原因，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“解剖學(xué)證明，男性的音高往往比女性低”定位至倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種差異無法用解剖學(xué)來解釋”，其中差異指的是音高差異，可知該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

6.單選題

15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shemakesalivingnowasadressmaker.

B.Shemakesalivingnowasalandlady.

C.Sheworriesalotaboutherhealth.

D.Shenowlivesonherpension.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Doyouwork?

W:Iamadressmaker，butIhaven’tworkedforayear.

M:Thenhowcanyoumanagetolivewithoutworking?

W:Ihaveatenant.

M:Doyouoftenworryaboutthings?

W:Iusedtoworrybutnotnow.Iknowit'snotworthit.

Q:Whatistrueaboutthewoman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：Ihaveatenant（我有房客），即她是房東。

7.單選題

Thoughfinedseveraltimes,hestill（）noimportancetohisoldhabits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adheres

B.clings

C.sticks

D.attaches

【答案】D

【解析】attachimportanceto為固定搭配,意為“重視,注意”。句意：盡管被罰了幾次款,他仍然不重視他的舊習(xí)慣。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Newresearchontechnologyandpublicpolicyfocusesonhowseemingly（

）designfeatures,generallyoverlookedinmostanalysesofpublicworksprojectsorindustrialmachinery,actuallymasksocialchoicesofprofoundsignificance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insignificant

B.inexpensive

C.innovative

D.ingenious

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。insignificant“無關(guān)緊要的”；inexpensive“便宜的”；innovative“革新的，創(chuàng)新的”；ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的”。句意：新的研究技術(shù)和公共政策側(cè)重于研究看似無關(guān)緊要的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)，在大多數(shù)公共工程項(xiàng)目或工業(yè)機(jī)械分析中通常被忽視，實(shí)際上掩蓋社會(huì)選擇的深遠(yuǎn)的意義。由“actuallymasksocialchoicesofprofoundsignificance“其實(shí)掩蓋了社會(huì)選擇的深遠(yuǎn)意義”可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Onlysovereignstatesareabletomaketreaties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constitutional

B.powerful

C.legitimate

D.independent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)constitutionaladj.憲法的，本質(zhì)的；B選項(xiàng)powerfuladj.強(qiáng)大的，有力的；C選項(xiàng)legitimateadj.合法的，正當(dāng)?shù)?；D選項(xiàng)independentadj.獨(dú)立的，單獨(dú)的，無黨派的。根據(jù)題意可知，只有主權(quán)獨(dú)立的國家才能制定條約，因此本題選擇D項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Electronictrash,knownase-waste,ispilingupfasterthaneverinAmericanhomesandbusinesses.Peopledonotknowwhattodowitholdtelevisionsorcomputerssotheythrowtheminthetrash.

NationalSolidWastesManagementAssociationstateprogramsdirectorChazMillersaysthelargeamountofelectronicwasteAmericansgenerateisnotunexpected.“Wehavesomanyelectronicproductsthat“weuse”,saidMiller.“Theyarebeingfarmorewidelydistributedthroughoutthepopulationofthecountryandtheytendtohaverelativelyshortlifespans.Cellphonesthatlasttwoorthreeyears,computersthatlastmaybetwoorthreeyearsbeforetheygetreplaced.”

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.

Forexample,asquicklyasoldelectronicsarriveatarecyclingfacilityinBaltimore,Maryland,theyaretornapartandsortedforusableparts.PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.“Therearealotofvaluablemetalsthatcanberecoveredandreusedasopposedtojustputtingtheminthegarbagedump,andincertaincomponentstherearesomematerialsthatshouldnotreallybedumpedinthegarbagedump,Fannonexplained.Nearly20percentofelectronicwasteisrecyclednationwide.Goingback1.3years,itwasonlyaboutsixpercent.Recyclingratescontinuetoriseasmorecommunitieshavebannedelectronicsfromgarbagedumpsinanefforttokeepe-wastetoxins(毒素，毒質(zhì))，likeleadandmercuryoutofgarbagedumps.Manyplaceshavesetupfreedrop-offsiteswherepeoplecanbringolditemsforrecycling.FannonsayssomeitemslikeoldelectroniccircuitboardswillgetshippedtoCanada,while,otherpartswillbeshippedtocountriesinAsia.“Thesewillgooffactuallytoacoppersmelterwhereworkerswillrecovercopperwithinthecircuitboardaswellaspreciousmetalsthatareontheboard’’,addedFannon.“Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’’

ThisyearseveralstateslikeVermontimposedabanonelectronicwasteingarbagedumps.Morecanbedonetoboostelectronicwasterecycling.

WastemanagementanalystssayU.S.facilitiescansafelyrecycleitems.Environmentalistsmaintaintheycanreducetheamountofelectronicwasteingarbagedumpsnowbyraisingconsumerawarenessaboutthebestwaystorecyclee-waste.

1.WhyistheresomuchelectronicwasteinAmerica?

2.AccordingtoEPA,whathelpstoreducethedumpede-waste?

3.WhatistherightwaytorecycletheoldelectronicsaccordingtoFannon?

4.AccordingtoFannon,whatpreciousmetalcanpeoplegetfromusedcircuitboard?

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseithasnovaluetoberecycled

B.BecauseAmericansdon'tknowhowtorecycleit.

C.BecauseAmericansloveelectronicitemsmorethanothersdo

D.Becauseelectronicitemsarewidelyusedandfallintodisuseeasily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thebanofe-wastefromgarbagedumps

B.ArecyclingfacilityinBaltimore.

C.Theshipmentofe-wastetoothercountries.

D.Anadvancedtechnologytomakee-products

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dumpthemintothegarbagedump

B.Tearthemapartathomeforvaluablematerials.

C.Leavetheminfreedrop-offsitesforrecycling

D.Burythemundergrounddirectly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Iron

B.Mercury

C.Gold

D.Lead

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleshouldtrytouseaslesselectronicproductsaspossible

B.Peoplecandealwiththeelectronicwasteinasafeway

C.Thegovernmentcandonearlynothinginfrontoftheelectronicwaste

D.Peoplearehelplessinfrontofelectronicwaste

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容可知，美國人產(chǎn)生的大量電子垃圾并不出人意料。我們有很多電子產(chǎn)品在使用，它們在全國人口中分布得更為廣泛，而且電子產(chǎn)品的壽命往往相對較短。由此可推測，之所以有這么多電子垃圾，是因?yàn)殡娮赢a(chǎn)品被廣泛使用，而且容易廢棄。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“EPA”定位到第三段“TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)estimatesmorethan400millionconsumerelectronicitemsaredumpedeachyear,andthereisapushbymorestatestobanthewastefromgarbagedumpsandcreaterecyclingprograms.美國環(huán)境保護(hù)局估計(jì)，美國每年有4億多件消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品被傾倒，越來越多的州正在推動(dòng)禁止傾倒垃圾，并建立回收項(xiàng)目?！庇纱丝芍?，幫助減少電子垃圾傾倒是因?yàn)楦髦萃菩械慕箖A倒垃圾，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Fannon”定位到第四段第二句“PlantmanagerMikeFannonsayse-wastehereisresoldtoothercompaniesthatfurtherbreakdownthecomponentsthatarevaluable.工廠經(jīng)理MikeFannon說，這里的電子垃圾被轉(zhuǎn)售給其他公司，進(jìn)一步拆分出有價(jià)值的組件?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“‘Thereisgoldplatingonalotofthematerial.Thereissilver.Soallthosepreciousmetalsarerecoveredinadditiontothecopper.’‘很多材料上都鍍了金，以及銀。所以除了銅以外，所有這些貴重金屬都能被重新找到。’”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“廢物管理分析人士說，美國的設(shè)施可以安全地回收物品。環(huán)保人士堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，通過提高消費(fèi)者對電子垃圾回收的最佳方式的認(rèn)識，可以減少垃圾填埋場中電子垃圾的數(shù)量?！庇纱丝梢酝茢啵藗兛梢杂靡环N安全的方式處理電子垃圾。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

11.單選題

We（）thathecannotfinishtheworkbeforeJune15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosecute

B.meddle

C.presume

D.mingle

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：我們他不能在六月十五號之前完成工作。prosecute起訴；meddle干涉；presume假設(shè)，認(rèn)為；mingle使混合，與……交往。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

WouldyoumindifI___youafewquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amasking

B.willask

C.asked

D.shouldask

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：你介意我問你幾個(gè)問題嗎？根據(jù)句意可知是提出現(xiàn)在的條件，則主句：主語＋would/should/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形，從句：動(dòng)詞過去式。C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine-thecomputer-wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)-way（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthorisinhisattitudetowardthecomputer（

）.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.enjoyableinperformance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships

C.Theaffectionatemachine

D.Humansandcomputers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:machinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(機(jī)器有一點(diǎn)不可預(yù)測),因此D項(xiàng)與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(整個(gè)過程將以一種微妙的方式完成，以避免給人一種過于熟悉的印象，這可能會(huì)引起不安)。表明這種電腦與人類建立關(guān)系的過程是'inasubtleway,故選D項(xiàng)(不顯眼的，不引人注意的)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown(它有時(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)發(fā)展或改變話題，并擁有自己的個(gè)性),可以看出A跟D項(xiàng)有提到,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(但當(dāng)它逐漸了解用戶時(shí)，它會(huì)發(fā)展成一種更輕松、更貼心的風(fēng)格),可以看出C項(xiàng)有提到。而B選項(xiàng)(對早起的接觸很敏感)與"Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant"不符,故選B。

4.態(tài)度方向。形容這種電腦作者用到的詞匯有:comfortable、interesting等,不難看出作者對這種電腦的態(tài)度是"favorable"贊賞的。

5.主旨大意題。作者介紹了這種“仿真交際”電腦與人類如何建立關(guān)系，并圍繞這種電腦的各項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)來介紹它是具有人情味、人性化的,因此C項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題最合適。

14.翻譯題

Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointswheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore“unnaturalfood”.

【答案】直到人類意識到把人口減到一半，直到能使地球能為所有人提供足夠的食物，否則人們將必須接受更多的“人造食品”。

15.單選題

Especiallyimportanttomanypeople（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereislegislationagainstpollution

B.islegislationagainstpollution

C.itislegislationagainstpollution

D.legislationagainstpollutionis

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。考查倒裝。Especially位于句首時(shí)，句子可倒裝，因此可把表語和系動(dòng)詞提前，故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：對許多人來說，尤其重要的是立法防止污染。

16.單選題

Mydaughterliaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我女兒今天己經(jīng)步行了8英里。我們從未想到她能步行那么遠(yuǎn)。

考查連詞辨析。Such是代詞或限定詞表示“這樣（的）”，一般不修飾形容詞；that（與表數(shù)量或范圍的形容詞和副詞連用）那樣，那么；as同樣地；和……一樣的。因此C符合句意。

17.翻譯題

中國科技館的誕生來之不易。與國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏營養(yǎng)，但是它成長的步伐卻是堅(jiān)實(shí)而有力的。它在國際上已被公認(rèn)為后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各

種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階

段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了

被動(dòng)的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動(dòng)手操作，

自己細(xì)心體察。這樣，他們可以去貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。

中國科技館正是這樣的博物館！它汲取了國際上一些著名博物館的長處，設(shè)計(jì)制作了力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品，展示了科學(xué)的原理和現(xiàn)今的科技成果。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationmuseumsofsciencesarethosedevotedtonaturalhistory,whichdemonstratetheevolutionarychangesoftheearthandorganismsthroughfossilsandspecimens.Thesecondonesaremuseumsofindustrialtechnologyexhibitingachievementsgeneratedintheindustrialage.Thesetwokindsofmuseums,thoughdisseminatetheknowledge,regardtheirvisitorsaspassiveviewers.

Thethirdgenerationmuseumsarefilledwithnewconcepts.Here,visitorscanoperatebythemselves,whichenablesthemtounderstandadvancedtechnologiesbetterandhelpthemprobeintothewondersofscienceandtechnology.

18.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.,意為“對某事生氣”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Plentyoffacts____himtoourpointofview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consented

B.converted

C.conversed

D.conformed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.consented同意；準(zhǔn)許B.converted（使）改變（觀點(diǎn)、習(xí)慣等）

C.conversed交談；談話D.conformed與……一致

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：許多事實(shí)使他……我們的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是大量的事實(shí)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)正確，所以這些事實(shí)使他的觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)變到我們的觀點(diǎn)。convert常與to連用。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)consented“同意；準(zhǔn)許”，不與to連用；

C選項(xiàng)conversed“交談；談話”，不符合語境；

D選項(xiàng)conformed“與……一致”不與to連用。

【句意】許多事實(shí)使他同意了我們的觀點(diǎn)。

20.單選題

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwas.FollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso;theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory―andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday―embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThornesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocratic