英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)詳解Verb ing phrases課件

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法Verb-ingphrases英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法Verb-ingphrases2-ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)稱為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常都表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，來對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎椈蜃鳛榕阋r．

2-ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)稱為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)3Relyingonourownefforts,weovercameallthedifficulties.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Don’tjuststandtheredoingnothing.3Relyingonourownefforts,w4現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)有四種形式

1.一般形式，由動(dòng)詞原形＋ing構(gòu)成．2.完成形式，由having+過去分詞．3.進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式：由being＋過去分詞4.完成被動(dòng)式：由havingbeen＋過去分詞構(gòu)成

4現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)有四種形式

1.一般形式，由動(dòng)詞原形＋ing51.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用一般形式?⑴當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而且和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，則用分詞的一般形式．Hewasillanddidn’tattendthemeeting.=Beingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.51.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用一般形式?⑴當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而6Whenhesawthosepicture,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinthewar.=Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinthewar.

6Whenhesawthosepicture,he7⑵如果分詞表示的是一個(gè)極短暫的動(dòng)作,這動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作立即發(fā)生,也用分詞的一般形式.

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Walkingoutoftheroom,hefoundtheboystillthere.7⑵如果分詞表示的是一個(gè)極短暫的動(dòng)作,這動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,謂語(yǔ)表示82.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用完成形式？當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而且發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，則用分詞的完成形式．Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.=Aftershefinishedtheclass…82.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用完成形式？當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而且9Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.=Ashehadworked…9Havingworkedamongthepeas103.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式？當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)承受，而且分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)．Beingcriticizedbytheemployer,thenewemployeehunghishead.103.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式？當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)承受，而114.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用完成的被動(dòng)式？當(dāng)分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，且分詞表示的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)承受．Havingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.114.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用完成的被動(dòng)式？當(dāng)分詞表示的動(dòng)作在12現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從

句可表時(shí)間，原因，方式，伴隨情況，結(jié)果或條件等12現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從

句可表時(shí)間，原因，方式，伴隨13(1)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句a.Beingill,shedidn’tgtoschooltoday.=Assheisill,…b.Havingseenthefilm,hedidn’tgotothecinemawiththem.=Becausehehadseenthefilm,…13(1)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句a.Beingill,sh14c.Feelingtired

，Iwenttobedearly.=BecauseIfelttired,…d.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.＝Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,…14c.Feelingtired，Iwentto15Greatlyinterested,Iaskedtohaveatrymyself.Delighted,thegirlsthoughtupmanygoodideas.15Greatlyinterested,Iasked16a.Walkinginthestreet(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Icaughtsightofatailorshop.b.Turningaround(Whensheturnedaround),shesawanambulancedrivingup.（2）相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句16a.Walkinginthestreet(=Wh17c.Whenleavingtheairport(Whentheylefttheairport),theywavedagainandagain.D.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim(whileyouaretalkingtohim).17c.Whenleavingtheairport18(3)表示行為方式，伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明等a.Holdingthenoteinhishand,hestoodtheredumbfounded.b.Thestudentswentaway,runningandlaughing.c.Staving,hewanderedabout.

18(3)表示行為方式，伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明等a.Holdi19(4)表示結(jié)果a.Theoldmandied,leavingnothingbutdebts.b.wehurriedtoschool,findingtherewerenostudentsintheschool.c.Theyopenedfire,killingoneofourpatrolmen.19(4)表示結(jié)果a.Theoldmandied,20(5)表示條件a.Stayinghereforsometime,you’llfindthepeopleherearefriendly.b.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.

20(5)表示條件a.Stayingherefors21注意1：不是每個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句都能用分詞替換只有當(dāng)分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，才能用分詞替換．21注意1：不是每個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句都能用分詞替換22BeforeIcameintothelab,thestudenthadbeenseated.Comeinto的動(dòng)作既不是students發(fā)出的也不是students承受，所以不能這樣說Comingintothelab,thestudentshadbeenseated.22BeforeIcameintothelab,23注意2：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)一定要有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系即分詞的動(dòng)作由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出或承受．23注意2：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)一定要有邏輯上的主24Wearesittinghere,makingnotes.make的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)我們發(fā)出Beingscoldedbyhismother,theboyhunghishead.Scold的動(dòng)作由theboy承受24Wearesittinghere,making25注意3：如果分詞和句子沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則不能用單個(gè)的分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以用分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或狀語(yǔ)從句．25注意3：如果分詞和句子沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則不能用單個(gè)26現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)為名詞或代詞＋分詞，名詞或代詞是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)Timepermitting,I’llcallonyouthisSunday.Therebeingnomoney,hecouldbuynothing.26現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)為名詞或代詞＋分詞，名詞或代詞是分詞的27Heenteringtheoffice,aletterwasfoundontheground.ProfessorZhanghavingfinishedthelecture,hisdriverdrovehimhome.27Heenteringtheoffice,ale28分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),在少數(shù)情況下,其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致,分詞用來修飾全句

Judgingfromhisaccent,heseemedtobefromMaba.=Ifwejudge…28分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),在少數(shù)情況下,其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致29Generallyspeaking,everyspyhasacontact.Consideringhisage,hewashelpedbytheyoungfellow.29Generallyspeaking,everysp時(shí)間條件伴隨方式原因結(jié)果Verb-ingphrases時(shí)間Verb-ingphrases現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間，條件，伴隨方式，原因，結(jié)果1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

Workinginthefactory,helearnedalotfromtheworkers.(分詞一般式）Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.（完成式）注①：現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間,原因狀語(yǔ)：如果分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。如果分詞動(dòng)作明顯在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)分完成式。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyimmediatelysettowork.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間，條件，伴隨方式，原因，結(jié)注②：在作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分詞前，可加連詞while,when，介詞after,before,on.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon,….2.現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothesite.注②：在作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分詞前，可加連詞while,when，介3.現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨方式狀語(yǔ)：Shecamerunningtowardsme.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.Travelingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.3.現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨方式狀語(yǔ)：Shecamerunning4.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.注：

Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.（分詞完成式的肯定式）

Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.（分完否）

4.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)：Seeingnobodyath5.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：（多用于句尾）Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.Note:現(xiàn)在分詞表示必然結(jié)果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的結(jié)果，前可加only.5.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：（多用于句尾）HerhusbaNote:

在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致,如不一致則要加上它自己邏輯上的主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)I.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+現(xiàn)在分詞1.TheNightcomingon,theystartedforhome.2.Thelastbushavinggone,hehadtowalkhome.3.Timepermitting,wearegoingtoclimbthemountaintomorrow.4.Theyaretalkingwiththeteacher,theirchildrenplayingoutside.5.Itraining,Iwenttoworkwithanumbrella.Note:在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)一般必須與II.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+過去分詞1.Histeafinished,hewentonwithhiswork.（時(shí)間）2.Hishomeworkdone,hewenttowatchthegame.3.Hislegbadlyhurt,hehadtobesenttohospital.（原因）4.Thereportread,discussionbegan.II.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+過去分詞1.HisteafIII.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+(being)+adj.(adv./prep-phrase/n./todo)1.Everything(being)ready,theystartedout.2.Themeeting(being)over,weallleftthehall.3.WuSongbeatthetigertodeath,twofists(being)hisonlyweapon..4.Guninhand,thesoldiersranupthehill.5.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.III.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+(being)+adj.(Consolidation1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added3.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeConsolidation1.Thesecretaryw4.____upathisfather,heaskedwhatwasthematterwithhim.A.HavinglookedB.LookingC.TolookD.Look5.____fromhisclothes,heisnotsopoor.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.TojudgeD.Havingjudged6._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered4.____upathisfather,heas1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念Verb-ingphrases1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念Verb-ingphA.表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于“assoonas”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Hearingthegoodnews,Ilaughedwithtears.=AssoonasIheardthegoodnews,I…A.表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,B.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在分詞動(dòng)作的過程中,表示“在做某事期間”，相當(dāng)于由when/while

引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldacquaintance.=When/While

Iwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldacquaintance.=When/While

walkinginthestreet,Icameacross…B.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在分詞動(dòng)作的過程中,表示“在做某事期間

C.如果分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,分詞就要用完成時(shí)。如:Havingdoneourhomework,wewentouttoplay.C.如果分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,分詞就要用完成時(shí)。2.作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于because/as

引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。2.作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于because/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從A.和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Beingill,Joedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisdoctorforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhattodonext,hewentto…A.和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生B.如果分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,分詞就要用完成時(shí)。Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,Joedidn’tgotoseeitforanothertimelastnight.B.如果分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,分詞就要用完成時(shí)。3.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。Themotherdied,leavingtwelvechildrenbehind.Wefiredattheenemy,killingtwo.3.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。4.作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句

(If)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfind…

4.作條件狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句5.作讓步狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于由although/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Although/Though

gettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegotupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.5.作讓步狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于由although/though引6.作伴隨狀語(yǔ)(方式狀語(yǔ)),表示同謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)作。Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.注意:只有現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式才可作伴隨狀語(yǔ),且常放于主句后。6.作伴隨狀語(yǔ)(方式狀語(yǔ)),表示同謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于

現(xiàn)在分詞無論作何種狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ),句子的主語(yǔ)可能是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,句子的主語(yǔ)也可能是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在分詞無論作何種狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句子的主語(yǔ)注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特性。①時(shí)間性。與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般時(shí)，如發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式havingdone。②語(yǔ)態(tài)性。與句子的主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。③人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特性。但在一些表示說話者態(tài)度的固定表達(dá)方式中,分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)是不一致的。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有:1)generally/strictly/+speaking2)Judgingfrom…/talkingof…/allowingfor..慮及,考慮到3)Consideringthat…/seeingthat…/supposingthat…但在一些表示說話者態(tài)度的固定表達(dá)方式中,分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法Verb-ingphrases英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法Verb-ingphrases56-ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)稱為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常都表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，來對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎椈蜃鳛榕阋r．

2-ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)稱為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)57Relyingonourownefforts,weovercameallthedifficulties.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Don’tjuststandtheredoingnothing.3Relyingonourownefforts,w58現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)有四種形式

1.一般形式，由動(dòng)詞原形＋ing構(gòu)成．2.完成形式，由having+過去分詞．3.進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式：由being＋過去分詞4.完成被動(dòng)式：由havingbeen＋過去分詞構(gòu)成

4現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)有四種形式

1.一般形式，由動(dòng)詞原形＋ing591.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用一般形式?⑴當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而且和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，則用分詞的一般形式．Hewasillanddidn’tattendthemeeting.=Beingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.51.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用一般形式?⑴當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而60Whenhesawthosepicture,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinthewar.=Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinthewar.

6Whenhesawthosepicture,he61⑵如果分詞表示的是一個(gè)極短暫的動(dòng)作,這動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作立即發(fā)生,也用分詞的一般形式.

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Walkingoutoftheroom,hefoundtheboystillthere.7⑵如果分詞表示的是一個(gè)極短暫的動(dòng)作,這動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,謂語(yǔ)表示622.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用完成形式？當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而且發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，則用分詞的完成形式．Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.=Aftershefinishedtheclass…82.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用完成形式？當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而且63Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.=Ashehadworked…9Havingworkedamongthepeas643.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式？當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)承受，而且分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)．Beingcriticizedbytheemployer,thenewemployeehunghishead.103.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式？當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)承受，而654.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用完成的被動(dòng)式？當(dāng)分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，且分詞表示的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)承受．Havingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.114.現(xiàn)在分詞何時(shí)用完成的被動(dòng)式？當(dāng)分詞表示的動(dòng)作在66現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從

句可表時(shí)間，原因，方式，伴隨情況，結(jié)果或條件等12現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從

句可表時(shí)間，原因，方式，伴隨67(1)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句a.Beingill,shedidn’tgtoschooltoday.=Assheisill,…b.Havingseenthefilm,hedidn’tgotothecinemawiththem.=Becausehehadseenthefilm,…13(1)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句a.Beingill,sh68c.Feelingtired

，Iwenttobedearly.=BecauseIfelttired,…d.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.＝Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,…14c.Feelingtired，Iwentto69Greatlyinterested,Iaskedtohaveatrymyself.Delighted,thegirlsthoughtupmanygoodideas.15Greatlyinterested,Iasked70a.Walkinginthestreet(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Icaughtsightofatailorshop.b.Turningaround(Whensheturnedaround),shesawanambulancedrivingup.（2）相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句16a.Walkinginthestreet(=Wh71c.Whenleavingtheairport(Whentheylefttheairport),theywavedagainandagain.D.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim(whileyouaretalkingtohim).17c.Whenleavingtheairport72(3)表示行為方式，伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明等a.Holdingthenoteinhishand,hestoodtheredumbfounded.b.Thestudentswentaway,runningandlaughing.c.Staving,hewanderedabout.

18(3)表示行為方式，伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明等a.Holdi73(4)表示結(jié)果a.Theoldmandied,leavingnothingbutdebts.b.wehurriedtoschool,findingtherewerenostudentsintheschool.c.Theyopenedfire,killingoneofourpatrolmen.19(4)表示結(jié)果a.Theoldmandied,74(5)表示條件a.Stayinghereforsometime,you’llfindthepeopleherearefriendly.b.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.

20(5)表示條件a.Stayingherefors75注意1：不是每個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句都能用分詞替換只有當(dāng)分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，才能用分詞替換．21注意1：不是每個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句都能用分詞替換76BeforeIcameintothelab,thestudenthadbeenseated.Comeinto的動(dòng)作既不是students發(fā)出的也不是students承受，所以不能這樣說Comingintothelab,thestudentshadbeenseated.22BeforeIcameintothelab,77注意2：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)一定要有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系即分詞的動(dòng)作由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出或承受．23注意2：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)一定要有邏輯上的主78Wearesittinghere,makingnotes.make的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)我們發(fā)出Beingscoldedbyhismother,theboyhunghishead.Scold的動(dòng)作由theboy承受24Wearesittinghere,making79注意3：如果分詞和句子沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則不能用單個(gè)的分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以用分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或狀語(yǔ)從句．25注意3：如果分詞和句子沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則不能用單個(gè)80現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)為名詞或代詞＋分詞，名詞或代詞是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)Timepermitting,I’llcallonyouthisSunday.Therebeingnomoney,hecouldbuynothing.26現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)為名詞或代詞＋分詞，名詞或代詞是分詞的81Heenteringtheoffice,aletterwasfoundontheground.ProfessorZhanghavingfinishedthelecture,hisdriverdrovehimhome.27Heenteringtheoffice,ale82分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),在少數(shù)情況下,其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致,分詞用來修飾全句

Judgingfromhisaccent,heseemedtobefromMaba.=Ifwejudge…28分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),在少數(shù)情況下,其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致83Generallyspeaking,everyspyhasacontact.Consideringhisage,hewashelpedbytheyoungfellow.29Generallyspeaking,everysp時(shí)間條件伴隨方式原因結(jié)果Verb-ingphrases時(shí)間Verb-ingphrases現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間，條件，伴隨方式，原因，結(jié)果1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

Workinginthefactory,helearnedalotfromtheworkers.(分詞一般式）Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.（完成式）注①：現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間,原因狀語(yǔ)：如果分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。如果分詞動(dòng)作明顯在謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)分完成式。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyimmediatelysettowork.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間，條件，伴隨方式，原因，結(jié)注②：在作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分詞前，可加連詞while,when，介詞after,before,on.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon,….2.現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothesite.注②：在作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分詞前，可加連詞while,when，介3.現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨方式狀語(yǔ)：Shecamerunningtowardsme.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.Travelingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.3.現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨方式狀語(yǔ)：Shecamerunning4.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.注：

Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.（分詞完成式的肯定式）

Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.（分完否）

4.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)：Seeingnobodyath5.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：（多用于句尾）Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.Note:現(xiàn)在分詞表示必然結(jié)果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的結(jié)果，前可加only.5.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：（多用于句尾）HerhusbaNote:

在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致,如不一致則要加上它自己邏輯上的主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)I.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+現(xiàn)在分詞1.TheNightcomingon,theystartedforhome.2.Thelastbushavinggone,hehadtowalkhome.3.Timepermitting,wearegoingtoclimbthemountaintomorrow.4.Theyaretalkingwiththeteacher,theirchildrenplayingoutside.5.Itraining,Iwenttoworkwithanumbrella.Note:在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)一般必須與II.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+過去分詞1.Histeafinished,hewentonwithhiswork.（時(shí)間）2.Hishomeworkdone,hewenttowatchthegame.3.Hislegbadlyhurt,hehadtobesenttohospital.（原因）4.Thereportread,discussionbegan.II.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+過去分詞1.HisteafIII.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+(being)+adj.(adv./prep-phrase/n./todo)1.Everything(being)ready,theystartedout.2.Themeeting(being)over,weallleftthehall.3.WuSongbeatthetigertodeath,twofists(being)hisonlyweapon..4.Guninhand,thesoldiersranupthehill.5.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.III.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+(being)+adj.(Consolidation1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added3.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeConsolidation1.Thesecretaryw4.____upathisfather,heaskedwhatwasthematterwithhim.A.HavinglookedB.LookingC.TolookD.Look5.____fromhisclothes,heisnotsopoor.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.TojudgeD.Havingjudged6._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered4.____upathisfather,heas1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念Verb-ingphrases1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念Verb-ingphA.表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于“assoonas”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Hearingthegoodnews,Ilaughedwithtears.