詳細(xì) 介紹石墨烯英文版課件

Graphene:FromfundamentaltofutureapplicationsGraphene:FromfundamentalContent

Introductiontographene.PotentialapplicationofgrapheneConclusionsContentIntroductiontographeGrapheneisaone-atom-thickplanarsheetofsp2-bonded

carbonatomsthataredenselypackedinahoneycombcrystallatticeThename‘graphene’comesfromgraphite+-ene=grapheneHighresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopeimages(TEM)ofgrapheneIntroductiontographeneMolecularstructureofgrapheneGrapheneisaone-atom-thickpA.K.Geim&K.S.Novoselov.Theriseofgraphene.NatureMaterialsVol.6,183-191(2007).IntroductionA.K.Geim&K.S.Novoselov.Introduction-ElectronicpropertiesThermalpropertiesMechanicalpropertiesOpticalproperties-Relativisticchargecarriers-AnomalousquantumHalleffectPropertiesofgrapheneIntroduction-ElectronicpropIntroductionPropertiesofgraphene-HighYoung’smodulus(~1,100Gpa)Highfracturestrength(125Gpa)-Monolayergrapheneabsorbsπα≈2.3%ofwhitelight(97.7%transmittance),whereαisthefine-structureconstant.MechanicalpropertiesOpticalpropertiesArepresentationofadiamondtipwithatwonanometerradiusindentingintoasingleatomicsheetofgraphene

(Science,321(5887):385)-Grapheneisasthestrongestmaterialevermeasured,some200timesstrongerthanstructuralsteelIntroductionPropertiesofgrapBriefhistoryofgrapheneThetermgraphenefirstappearedin1987todescribesinglesheetsofgraphiteasoneoftheconstituentsofgraphiteintercalationcompounds(GICs).Largergraphenemoleculesorsheets(sothattheycanbeconsideredastrueisolated2Dcrystals)cannotbegrowneveninprinciple.Inthe1930s,LandauandPeierls(andMermin,later)showedthermodynamicsprevented2-dcrystalsinfreestate,anarticleinPhysicsTodayreads:"Fundamentalforcesplaceseeminglyinsurmountablebarriersinthewayofcreating[2Dcrystals]...Nascent2Dcrystallitestrytominimizetheirsurfaceenergyandinevitablymorphintooneoftherichvarietyofstable3Dstructuresthatoccurinsoot.Butthereisawayaroundtheproblem.Interactionswith3Dstructuresstabilize2Dcrystalsduringgrowth.Soonecanmake2Dcrystalssandwichedbetweenorplacedontopoftheatomicplanesofabulkcrystal.Inthatrespect,graphenealreadyexistswithingraphite...OnecanthenhopetofoolNatureandextractsingle-atom-thickcrystallitesatalowenoughtemperaturethattheyremaininthequenchedstateprescribedbytheoriginalhigher-temperature3Dgrowth.”In2004:AndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovatManchesterUniversitymanagedtoextractsingle-atom-thickcrystallites(graphene)frombulkgraphite:Pulledoutgraphenelayersfromgraphiteandtransferredthemontothinsilicondioxideonasiliconwaferinaprocesssometimescalledmicromechanicalcleavageor,simply,theScotchtapetechnique.Since2004,anexplosionintheinvestigationofgrapheneintermofsynthesis,characterization,propertiesaswellasspecificalpotentialapplicationwerereported.BriefhistoryofgrapheneThetPotentialapplicationofgraphene-Singlemoleculegasdetection-Graphenetransistors-Integratedcircuits-TransparentconductingelectrodesforthereplacementofITO-Ultracapacitors-GraphenebiodevicesReinforcementforpolymernanocomposites:Electrical,thermallyconductivenanocomposites,antistaticcoating,transparentconductivecomposites..ectPotentialapplicationofgraphElectrical,thermallyconductivenanocompositesNature,Vol.442,20,July(2006)Electrical,thermallyconducti詳細(xì)介紹石墨烯英文版課件詳細(xì)介紹石墨烯英文版課件TransparentconductingelectrodesTransparentconductingelectro詳細(xì)介紹石墨烯英文版課件ReinforcementforpolymernanocompositesACSNano,2009,3(12),pp3884–3890Reinforcementforpolymernan詳細(xì)介紹石墨烯英文版課件CONCLUSIONGraphenehasaninterestinghistory,butmanynowwonderaboutitsfuture.Thesubjectofconsiderablescholarlydebate,itdoesseemreasonabletoassertafewthingslookingahead:First,thequalityandavailabilityof“synthetic”graphenewillcontinuetoimprove.Whetherhighqualitymaterialcomesintheformofanalternativechemicalroutetothecompleteexfoliationofgraphiteorfromoptimizationofthethermalprocessesrequiredforsubstrate-basedmethods,thereisnosignthatsynthetictechniquesarenearingtheirupperlimit.Thismeansthatdeviceengineerswillhaveampleaccesstoimprovedmaterialsfordevelopingnovelstructuresandfindingwaystointegrategrapheneintopresent-dayelectronicdevices.Second,chemicalmodificationofgraphene’sbasalplaneoritsedgeswillsubstantiallyinfluencegraphene-baseddevices.Forelectronicapplications,onecanimaginethe

attachmentoffunctionalgroupsaimedatself-assemblyofsimplecircuitsortheincorporationofchemicaldopantstolimitleakagecurrentunderzerogatebias.Forsensors,lockand-keytypebindingsitescouldprovideselectivesensitivitytoawidevarietyofanalytes.Thesemightincludechemicalwarfareagentsorevenbiologicalspecies.Third,industrialuseofgrapheneasatransparentconductorcouldhavehugeimplicationsforthesolarindustry.Assyntheticroutesimprove,theprospectofreplacingITOwithalow-costcarbon-basedcoatingseemsfeasible.Thiswouldnotonlyremovesignificantuncertaintyabouttheavailabilityandcostofindiumbutalsoenablenonevaporativeroll-torollprocessingoftransparentconductors.CONCLUSIONGraphenehasaninteThankYou!ThankYou!Graphene:FromfundamentaltofutureapplicationsGraphene:FromfundamentalContent

Introductiontographene.PotentialapplicationofgrapheneConclusionsContentIntroductiontographeGrapheneisaone-atom-thickplanarsheetofsp2-bonded

carbonatomsthataredenselypackedinahoneycombcrystallatticeThename‘graphene’comesfromgraphite+-ene=grapheneHighresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopeimages(TEM)ofgrapheneIntroductiontographeneMolecularstructureofgrapheneGrapheneisaone-atom-thickpA.K.Geim&K.S.Novoselov.Theriseofgraphene.NatureMaterialsVol.6,183-191(2007).IntroductionA.K.Geim&K.S.Novoselov.Introduction-ElectronicpropertiesThermalpropertiesMechanicalpropertiesOpticalproperties-Relativisticchargecarriers-AnomalousquantumHalleffectPropertiesofgrapheneIntroduction-ElectronicpropIntroductionPropertiesofgraphene-HighYoung’smodulus(~1,100Gpa)Highfracturestrength(125Gpa)-Monolayergrapheneabsorbsπα≈2.3%ofwhitelight(97.7%transmittance),whereαisthefine-structureconstant.MechanicalpropertiesOpticalpropertiesArepresentationofadiamondtipwithatwonanometerradiusindentingintoasingleatomicsheetofgraphene

(Science,321(5887):385)-Grapheneisasthestrongestmaterialevermeasured,some200timesstrongerthanstructuralsteelIntroductionPropertiesofgrapBriefhistoryofgrapheneThetermgraphenefirstappearedin1987todescribesinglesheetsofgraphiteasoneoftheconstituentsofgraphiteintercalationcompounds(GICs).Largergraphenemoleculesorsheets(sothattheycanbeconsideredastrueisolated2Dcrystals)cannotbegrowneveninprinciple.Inthe1930s,LandauandPeierls(andMermin,later)showedthermodynamicsprevented2-dcrystalsinfreestate,anarticleinPhysicsTodayreads:"Fundamentalforcesplaceseeminglyinsurmountablebarriersinthewayofcreating[2Dcrystals]...Nascent2Dcrystallitestrytominimizetheirsurfaceenergyandinevitablymorphintooneoftherichvarietyofstable3Dstructuresthatoccurinsoot.Butthereisawayaroundtheproblem.Interactionswith3Dstructuresstabilize2Dcrystalsduringgrowth.Soonecanmake2Dcrystalssandwichedbetweenorplacedontopoftheatomicplanesofabulkcrystal.Inthatrespect,graphenealreadyexistswithingraphite...OnecanthenhopetofoolNatureandextractsingle-atom-thickcrystallitesatalowenoughtemperaturethattheyremaininthequenchedstateprescribedbytheoriginalhigher-temperature3Dgrowth.”In2004:AndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovatManchesterUniversitymanagedtoextractsingle-atom-thickcrystallites(graphene)frombulkgraphite:Pulledoutgraphenelayersfromgraphiteandtransferredthemontothinsilicondioxideonasiliconwaferinaprocesssometimescalledmicromechanicalcleavageor,simply,theScotchtapetechnique.Since2004,anexplosionintheinvestigationofgrapheneintermofsynthesis,characterization,propertiesaswellasspecificalpotentialapplicationwerereported.BriefhistoryofgrapheneThetPotentialapplicationofgraphene-Singlemoleculegasdetection-Graphenetransistors-Integratedcircuits-TransparentconductingelectrodesforthereplacementofITO-Ultracapacitors-GraphenebiodevicesReinforcementforpolymernanocomposites:Electrical,thermallyconductivenanocomposites,antistaticcoating,transparentconductivecomposites..ectPotentialapplicationofgraphElectrical,thermallyconductivenanocompositesNature,Vol.442,20,July(2006)Electrical,thermallyconducti詳細(xì)介紹石墨烯英文版課件詳細(xì)介紹石墨烯英文版課件TransparentconductingelectrodesTransparentconductingelectro詳細(xì)介紹石墨烯英文版課件ReinforcementforpolymernanocompositesACSNano,2009,3(12),pp3884–3890Reinforcementforpolymernan詳細(xì)介紹石墨烯英文版課件CONCLUSIONGraphenehasaninterestinghistory,butmanynowwonderaboutitsfuture.Thesubjectofconsiderablescholarlydebate,itdoesseemreasonabletoassertafewthingslookingahead:First,thequalityandavailabilityof“synthetic”graphenewillcontinuetoimprove.Whetherhighqualitymaterialcomesintheformofanalternativechemicalroutetothecompleteexfoliationofgraphiteorfromoptimizationofthethermalprocessesrequiredforsubstrate-basedmethods,thereisnosignthatsynthetictechniquesarenearingtheirupperlimit.Thismeansthatdeviceengineerswil