歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題佳句

佳句賞析l.Nowthetideappearstobeturning.“現(xiàn)在這種潮流（形勢(shì)）似乎在逆轉(zhuǎn)”，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的“三十年河?xùn)|，三十年河西”。“tide...turn”這樣的搭配經(jīng)常用于描述潮流或形勢(shì)的變化，比較貼切、形象。如：Thetideofthebattleturnedagainstus.（戰(zhàn)斗的形勢(shì)開(kāi)始變得不利于我們.1mportantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities.“重要的信息可能被埋沒(méi)在浩如煙海的細(xì)枝末節(jié)里"。句中的"aseaof"是一個(gè)比喻，形容“一大片，大量的如：Theimmensesquarewasaseaofflowersandhappyfaces.（這個(gè)大廣場(chǎng)上到處是鮮花和笑臉）.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.該句中的...lookingback...yearsfromnowmaywellwonder…結(jié)構(gòu)可以表達(dá)人們隔一段時(shí)間后看過(guò)去的事情發(fā)出的感嘆。如：Whenyoulookbacktenyearsfromnow,youmaywellwonderhowstupidyouare..omputereducationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.句子主要是forsakesthforsth,forsake后的optimistic和for后面的apessimism意思正好相反，形式上形成對(duì)仗。.1tshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.該句主干是Itshouldbeobservedthat...,真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，vocationalornot是插入語(yǔ)，修飾從句主語(yǔ)schoolo這句話主要的特點(diǎn)是插入語(yǔ)使用比較靈活，ofcourse和vocationalornot都是狀語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)。.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.用likewise連接的這兩個(gè)句子中，分別含有if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，并且都運(yùn)用了動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)連用的形式，前后結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱，具有美感。.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgement.此句采用并列祈使句的形式，使整個(gè)句子精煉。例句補(bǔ)充：Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgement.Thenyoucanfindsomethingofrealvalue.（保持耳目靈敏，并且運(yùn)用自己的判斷。這樣你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)真正有價(jià)值的東西。）.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother,sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.仿照這句話的表達(dá)方式可以表達(dá)“某些客觀因素促使有分歧的兩派人物坐下來(lái)協(xié)商和解“，如：Thecommonenemybroughtthetwousedtoberivalcountriestorespecteachother*sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation..Among???，Iwouldsingleout...;alaborforcethat...;thepracticeof...;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfor...當(dāng)要從眾多的原因中羅列幾個(gè)，并且著重點(diǎn)出一個(gè)時(shí)，可以仿照該句用分號(hào)表示并列，用短語(yǔ)突出其中之一。.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”該句在描述技術(shù)專家和藝術(shù)家時(shí)，運(yùn)用了形象的暗喻和類比手法，使抽象的概念變得生動(dòng)形象。.Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.表達(dá)人們對(duì)宏偉、美好事物的欣賞和贊嘆。如：FewpaintingscancapturesuchrichimaginationlikeMonaLisassmiling..Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.這里暗含的意思是告誡人們不要被表面的美好景象迷惑，要理性地看到潛在的危害。如：Bigcitiesfastdevelopmenthasreallyprovidedusfascinatingconveniencesandpleasure.However,tobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind..Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.這種表達(dá)也用來(lái)暗示某種事物是一把雙刃劍，不能只看到好的一面，而忽略了潛在的危險(xiǎn)。.Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.這種表語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來(lái)總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。如：Thelessonfromthisbadexamisthatnopains,nogains..Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.表達(dá)一種事與愿違的遺憾。如:Hisparentsputtoomuchhopeonthechild,buthisperformancetendednottoworkasintended..Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?英語(yǔ)中有一句諺語(yǔ)Nopains,nogains不勞則無(wú)獲。作者在這里改變了它的形式，賦予了新的含義，即painwithoutgain勞而不獲，在文中它用來(lái)表達(dá)美國(guó)當(dāng)今一種吃力不討好的情形。用法詼諧幽默，且其含義深刻。.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofreengineeringconsultantsasmererubbish-ntheworstsortofambulancechasing".句中短語(yǔ)dismissessb./sth.（assth.）相當(dāng)于considersb./sth.notworthtalkingabout（對(duì)某人某事物不予理睬或不屑一提）。這里，羅森席恩認(rèn)為顧問(wèn)們所做的工作不屑一提，還打了一個(gè)比方去形容其工作的無(wú)效性，稱之為theworstsortofambulancechasing,ambulancechasing意思是“慫恿事故受傷者起訴“，這里指于事無(wú)補(bǔ)，即本來(lái)是想幫忙，然而可能什么也幫不了。例句補(bǔ)充：Shewasdismissedasadreamer.（大家認(rèn)為她喜歡作白II夢(mèng)，對(duì)她不屑一■顧。）.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople....meansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于中文的“仁者見(jiàn)仁、智者見(jiàn)智”。此句簡(jiǎn)單易懂而意義深刻.Thisdevelopment-anditsstrongimplicationforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsaheadhasenthronedtheSouthasAmericasmostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenationsheadcounting.句子主干是Thisdevelopment...hasenthronedtheSouthas...region...oenthrone本義是“（國(guó)王、女王或主教）登基、就任”。該句里作者采用enthrone的這個(gè)含義，詼諧地暗示這種情況的出現(xiàn)很不容易，難得一見(jiàn)。headcounting和census一樣都指“人口普查”，但是比census更加形象化。ZO.Oftentheychose-andstillarechoosing-somewhatcolderclimatessuchasOregon,IdahoandAlaskainordertoescapesmog,crimeandotherplaguesofurbanizationintheGoldenState.smog,crime,plaguesofurbanization形象貼切地說(shuō)明了城市的弊端。plagues本指"瘟疫"，這里指的是都市固有的弊病。Zl.Thattheplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute.sth.isbeyonddispute的結(jié)構(gòu)用起來(lái)很地道，意思是”無(wú)可置疑，不容爭(zhēng)辯，.Thusjustasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinents,sohotspotsmayexplaintheirmutability（inconstancy）.短語(yǔ)justas...so…表示"就像…一樣也…”，它可表達(dá)一種對(duì)比，如：Justastheymustputasidetheirprejudices,sowemustbepreparedtoaccepttheirgoodfaith.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.英語(yǔ)中比較級(jí)的否定可以表示最高級(jí)，該句字面意思是“沒(méi)有什么比這離真實(shí)情況更遠(yuǎn)的了”，即“這是最荒謬的，事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此”。例句補(bǔ)充:Nothingismorebeautifulthanachild*ssmilingintheworld.（這個(gè)世界上,最美的莫過(guò)于孩子的笑臉）。.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.句中的Thisisnoflashinthepan是對(duì)aflashinthepan的改寫(xiě)，既有創(chuàng)意，又很地道。.Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.wasbackingoffhishard-linestand描寫(xiě)形象入微、生動(dòng)、地道。hard-linestand意思是“強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)"；backoff意為“后退，撤回”,要比retreat更加生動(dòng)形象。.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethecentralnervoussystem,whereasdepressantsslowitdown.句中whereas一詞表明前后對(duì)照的關(guān)系，且speedup（加速）與slowdown（降低速度）意思相反，彼此對(duì)應(yīng)，很有韻味。.ltwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.句子使用了not...or...結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)單卻有力地表現(xiàn)出作者態(tài)度。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：onthepartofsb.或onsb.'spart表示“由某人做出的如：Itwasanerroronmyparto（這是我的錯(cuò)）.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.該句用了neitheras...noras...,butas...結(jié)構(gòu)，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)流暢，作者觀點(diǎn)一覽無(wú)疑。.Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.此句短小、精練，清楚生動(dòng)地概括出當(dāng)時(shí)的情況。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：import意為“意義,重要性”，相當(dāng)于"importance”或“meaning"；awhile相當(dāng)于“sometime"；sinkin意為“被完全理解,深深印在腦中”,如:Theteacherexplainedittometwice,butIJmafraiditstillhasn*tsunkin.老師給我解釋了兩遍,我恐怕仍然不明白°.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.句子雖短，卻很有力度，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：Iide本意是“潮水，潮汐”，這里的引申意義是“趨勢(shì)，傾向"；turntheIide意思是“使形式轉(zhuǎn)變，改變局面”。1.1ntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.句中的gatheringstrength和waitingforthedominoestostartfalling都很形象生動(dòng)，尤其是后者準(zhǔn)確地描述了以后的發(fā)展趨勢(shì).Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.注意Theyliveanddiewithouldoing…（他們平淡得活著、死去，沒(méi)有做 ）的運(yùn)用。如：Theyliveanddiewithoutknowingwhatisimportanttothem（他們平淡地活著、死去，不知道什么對(duì)自己最重要）。asemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings中as是介詞，該部分做狀語(yǔ)修飾confronted,意思是“作為情感和智力上很獨(dú)立并富有成果的人”。譯文：他們平淡的活著、死去，沒(méi)能像情感和智力上很獨(dú)立并富有成果的人們那樣體驗(yàn)到人類存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)。.Tothepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.該句子是不定式作主語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是…isnot…buJ.（……不是……而是……）o如：Tobeateacherisnotamatteofbeingrespected,butevenmoreamatterofresponsibilities（老師不僅僅意味著受人尊敬，更意味著責(zé)任）。譯文：升職或落后不單單事關(guān)工資，更事關(guān)個(gè)人尊嚴(yán)。.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.注意...shouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfrom...的用法。如：Technologyshouldserveonlyasmeanstobenefithumanbeings,andshouldbepreventedfrombeingatooltodestroyman（技術(shù)只是造福于人類的手段，不能成為奴役人類的工具）。句中means意思是“方法手段”（經(jīng)常用做單數(shù)）；end意為“目的如：Doestheendalwaysjustifythemeans（目的正當(dāng)就可以不擇手段嗎）？譯文：生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)只是達(dá)到這個(gè)目的的手段，不能成為奴役人類的工具。.Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost“new”ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.句子中過(guò)去分詞involved…置于主語(yǔ)anyone之后，作它的定語(yǔ)；句子的謂語(yǔ)是learn后面跟的是賓語(yǔ)從句。asoldasthehills意思是“像山一樣古老”。如：Mrs.Smithisveryreserved,andmanyofherwaystodealwithproblemsareasoldasthehills.（史密斯太太非常保守，她的許多處理問(wèn)題的方法都很陳舊）。譯文：任何密切參與專利和發(fā)明工作的人，都很快了解到大部分“新”思想實(shí)際上很陳舊.Formanyofusthe"cashless“societyisnotonthehorizon-itisalreadyhere.從這個(gè)句子我們學(xué)會(huì)了描述那些已經(jīng)親臨其境的事物，又如：Afteralongseparationcausedbywar,thecouplereunited.Theyhuggedandkissed,andtheyknowtheirhappinessisnotonthehorizon,it'salreadyhere..Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.這里作者用類比的手法支論證特殊兒童與他們成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系，生動(dòng)有趣。從另外一個(gè)角度想，主角需要配角和布景的襯托，而在人生舞臺(tái)上何賞不也有很多“紅花需要綠葉襯”的現(xiàn)象呢？.Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatminorwecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.mirror:（喻）鏡子,真實(shí)反映情況的東西。如：Thepressisamirrorofthepublicopinions.報(bào)刊是忠實(shí)反映輿論的鏡子。教育是社會(huì)的鏡子，意思就是從教育這個(gè)角度看一個(gè)社會(huì)的全貌。我們可以借用作者在這個(gè)句子中的思維，去仿造其他句子。又如：Thetasteoftheclothingisamirrorofaperson'spersonality.Inthatmirrorwecansee....A11menarecreatedequal.弓I句短而有力，極有說(shuō)月艮力。如：Allmenarecreatedequal.Soeverybodyhastherighttoreceiveeducation..Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,uWecan“tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.”分號(hào)的作用一般是連接兩個(gè)含義相仿或相對(duì)的句子。注意此句中分號(hào)是進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面的意思，cosmicrays是Environmentalfactors的一個(gè)例子。.Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.熟悉這種將轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣放入插入語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。又如：Theprospectforeliminatingpollution,thoughstilldistant,isbrighter.消除污染的前景盡管遙遠(yuǎn)，但是已經(jīng)更加明朗了。42.1nventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.這兩句都是對(duì)■發(fā)明創(chuàng)造來(lái)源的描述。后句更是拿踢球做比較，說(shuō)明發(fā)明創(chuàng)造絕非易事。43.Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.從該句學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)“獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟、標(biāo)新立異”，如：Heisfullofimaginationandalwaysmarchestoadifferentdrummer.44.Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.句型結(jié)構(gòu)Therearetwo...:one...,theother…”表達(dá)在某件事情上存在的兩種方式或態(tài)度。考生可以在寫(xiě)作時(shí)對(duì)■此種句式加以運(yùn)用，如：Therearetwowaystoseetechnology:oneasabenefittohumanbeings,theotherasaharmtothem.45.1nthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.通過(guò)該句作者將人的成長(zhǎng)比為永無(wú)止境的旅途。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的排列newwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept非常而j人尋味。46.1nordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheu